I-Astragalus yizinhlobo ezinkulu kunazo zonke emndenini we-legume. Emvelweni kunezinhlobo zezitshalo ezingaphezu kuka-2455, okuyizithombo ezingama-herbaceous zisetshenziswa ezikhula ikakhulukazi engxenyeni esenyakatho ye-hemisphere. Kepha ezinye izinhlobo zikhula eNingizimu Melika.
Imininingwane ejwayelekile
I-Astragalus yizinhlobo ezihlukene kangangokuba ama-botanists kuphela angathola ukufana ezitshalweni. Kunzima ukukholelwa ukuthi isihlahla esincane se-nondescript nesitshalo esifinyelela kubude bamamitha elilodwa nesigamu singabomndeni owodwa.
Ama-Astragals akhula ezindaweni eziwugwadule, ezintabeni, emahlathini nasezigodini. Ukubukeka kubuye kuncike endaweni yokuhlala yabo.
Emvelweni, kunezitshalo ze-xerophyte ezingenazo iziqu, kepha ngamagatsha anamahlwili kuphela. Kukhona osonkanyezi abaqu, iziqu zaso kanye nezimbali zimbozwe ngefluff encane. Ngenxa yakhe, bavikelekile elangeni futhi bagcine umswakama. Kodwa-ke, izihlahlana ezineziqu ezinde zingatholakala, ezingakwazi ukwelula noma ukwelula emhlabeni.
Umehluko ezitshalweni nawo unombala kanye nokwakheka kwamaqabunga. Kungaba ukukhanya noma kupende. Amapuleti amaqabunga awanakubhangqwa futhi agqitshwe i-cirrus, emincane futhi emfishane, noma yinde futhi i-oval.
Izimbali ze-Astragalus ehlobo. I-inflorescences ingaba njenge-spike-like futhi ihambise. Amathunzi nawo ahlukile - kusuka onsomi kuya kobomvu. Zonke izinhlobo, ngaphandle kokuhogela, zinuka kamnandi.
Lapho isitshalo siphela, kuvela izithelo zezithelo ezinamabala endaweni yezimbali, ngaphakathi kukhona imbewu efana nobhontshisi.
Kuhlobo lwe-astragalus kukhona nezitshalo ezingama-end End ezikhula kuphela emvelweni. Kukhona izihlahlana ezibhalwe kwiNcwadi Ebomvu. Vikelwa umbuso.
I-Astragalus isitshalo esinezakhiwo zokupholisa ezisetshenziswa ngokuqinile emithini yendabuko. Yehlisa ingcindezi, isuse ukuvuvukala, ukugula komgudu wokugaya ukudla kanye nohlelo oluphambili lwezinzwa. Ukwelashwa, zonke izingxenye ze-astragalus zisetshenziselwa, lapho kuvela khona ama-syrups, ama-decoctions kanye nama-tinctures.
Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo
I-Astragalus enoboya igeleza - Umuthi ongapheli owenziwa ngeziqu ze-pubescent kanye nama-plates amaqabunga. Ifinyelela ekuphakameni okungafika kumasentimitha angama-40. Isitshalo sinamaqabunga amaningi, afushane, aqondile. I-inflorescences ibukeka sengathi iyabopha amabhulashi anombala ophuzi. Ngemuva kokuqhakaza, imbewu ngohlobo kabhontshisi iyakhiwa ebhokisini lembewu.
Lesi sitshalo siqhakaza maphakathi nehlobo, kanti imbewu ivuthwa ekwindla kokuqala. Ngemuva kokuba isitshalo sithele izithelo, ingxenye yayo yomhlaba iyafa futhi ikhule entwasahlobo, lapho iqhwa liphela.
I-Astragalus webbed - emelelwa yisithombo sangemuva, esifinyelela ukuphakama kwamasentimitha angama-25 kuye kwangama-40. Inama-peduncle aqinile, awodwa, aqonde mpo anama-tassels aqhakaza izimbali ezinezimbali ezincane eziphuzi. Izimbali ze-Astragalus phakathi nehlobo, nezithelo ekwindla zakuqala.
I-Astragalus Danish - isitshalo se-herbaceous esidala esinamagatsha anamabili aqine futhi aqondile afinyelela ukuphakama kwamasentimitha ayi-10 kuye kwangama-40. Amaqabunga awabhanqiwe futhi ayi-pubescent. Banesimo se-ovoid.
Izimbali zinombala onsomi, zifana namabhu futhi zitholakala ku-inflorescence ende. Izithelo zesitshalo ziyafana nobhontshisi onwele.
Imnandi i-Astragalus - kubhekisa kuhlobo lwezitshalo ezikhula zineziqu ezikhuphukile ngeziqu ezinokuphakama ngamasentimitha angama-45 kuye kwangama-120. Amaqabunga aklanywe ngendlela efanayo, angama-pubescent ngaphakathi futhi angenalutho ngaphandle.
Iziqeshana zimfushane. Izimbali ziqoqwa emabhulashini futhi zibe nohlobo oluhlaza okotshani. Izithelo zifana nobhontshisi. Isikhathi sezimbali zesitshalo siba ekuqaleni kwehlobo.
I-Astragalus Zinger
Lesi sitshalo sikhula ezindaweni ezinezintaba nezinamahlathi. Kodwa-ke, itholakala enhlabathini enesihlabathi. Isihlahla sifinyelela ukuphakama kwamasentimitha angama-30 kuye kwangama-55. Isiqu sesitshalo siqinile.
Amaqabunga anomumo o-oval o-tint oluhlaza onezinwele ezincane. Izimbali ziqoqwa emabhulashini futhi zinombala ophuzi onsomi. Ama-Astragalus aqhakaza maphakathi nehlobo, futhi athela izithelo ngo-Agasti.
I-Astragalus Volga - iyinhlangano ye-herbaceous perennial enezimpande zohlelo. Isitshalo asinaso isiqu. Amaqabunga anobudeamasentimitha ayi-10 kuye kwangama-20. Zitholakala nhlangothi zombili zomthambo oyinhloko wezingcezu eziyi-12-18. Izimbali zisesimweni se-tint brashi. Izithelo zingama-lesikhumba, ubhontshisi ovuthiwe.
I-Sand Astragalus - kubhekisa kuhlobo lwezitshalo zisetshenziswa ezinamanga angamasentimitha ayi-10 kuye kwangama-40. Amaqabunga abhangqiwe ane-linear-lanceolate shape ubude obu-3 kuya ku-5 cm. Izimbali ziqoqwa ngemabhulashi ama-lilac noma amhlophe. Izitshalo ziyaqhakaza maphakathi nehlobo.
I-Astragalus fur fured - isitshalo sinesimo sesihlahla futhi sifinyelela ukuphakama okungafika kumasentimitha ayi-100. Izimbali zinombala onsomi. Izimbali ze-astragalus maphakathi nehlobo.
I-Astragalus fox
Isitshalo sihlahla, iziqu zazo ezifika kubude obungaba ngamasentimitha ayi-100. Izimbali zinombala ophuzi. Ubude be-inflorescences bufika kumasentimitha ayi-9. Ukuqhakaza kwama-Astragalus ekuqaleni kwehlobo.
I-Astragalus sainfoin - Kusho izitshalo ze-herbaceous zisetshenziswa ezinezihlahla eziqondile, ezihlotshisiwe futhi eziphakeme ngamasentimitha angama-30 kuye kwangama-80. Amaqabunga awabhanqiwe futhi anamaqabunga amaningi aluhlaza.
Lesi sitshalo sinama-peduncle amade, lapho kutholakala khona amakhekhe amade wezimbali ophuzi onsomi. Ukuqhakaza kwama-Astragalus kusuka ngoJuni kuya kuJulayi. Izithelo ekwindla zakuqala. Ikhula esiseleni nasenhlabathini enesihlabathi.
I-Astragalus Norwegian - isitshalo se-herbaceous se-perennial esinamagatsha anamanzi, hhayi okuvela ku-30 kuya ku-50 amasentimitha ukuphakama. Amacembe awanawo abumbeke, i-pubescence kanye ne-ovoid shape.
Izimbali zivezwa ngemabhulashi omthunzi we-lilac noma oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Izithelo zibukeka njengobhontshisi omncane we-elliptical. Izitshalo ziyaqhakaza ekwindla yokuqala.
I-Astragalus chickpeas - isitshalo sinamaphiko okukhamba amasentimitha angu-100 ubude. Izimbali zisesimweni sama-inflemc inflorescence e-pinkish tint. Isikhathi sezimbali zesitshalo siba ngoJuni-Julayi. Izithelo astragalus ngo-Agasti.
I-Astragalus iyabanda
I-Shrub ibhekisele kwizitshalo zasendle ezinomthambo ezinobude obungamasentimitha ayi-8 kuye kwangama-35. Amaqabunga acwebekile ngendlela enobukhulu futhi anomakhaza aluhlaza okotshani. Ama-inflorescence asesimweni samabhulashi aminyene ngombala ophuzi ophuzi. Isikhathi sezimbali siwela phakathi kwehlobo.
I-Astragalus Chinese - is a herbaceous perennial nge a straight, ribbed, isigaxa esingenalutho kusuka kumasentimitha angama-70 kuye kwangama-100 ukuphakama. Amaqabunga anokwakheka okuhlanganisiwe okuphakathi kwendlu eluhlaza okotshani.
Ama-inflorescences ayakhungatheka. Zinezimo zomhlanga we-yellow yellow hue. Ama-Astragalus aqhakaza maphakathi nonyaka, futhi athela izithelo ngo-Agasti.
I-Astragalus foxtail - isitshalo esingeso sohlobo lwe-herbaceous lwaphakade. Izinwele ezinde ezimhlophe zimboza isiqu, amagatsha namaqabunga. Amaqabunga anomumo obude be-ovoid.
Izimbali zifana nezinundu futhi zinomhlobiso ophuzi onsundu. Izimbali ze-astragalus maphakathi nehlobo.
I-Astragalus vesicular - kubhekise kuhlobo lonyaka lwe-herbaceous lwezitshalo ezine-system enezimpande futhi amahlumela amaningi ngendlela yama-rosette. Ukuphakama kwe-astragalus kufinyelela ngamasentimitha ayi-10 kuye kwangama-20.
Amaqabunga awabhanqiwe ngamaqabunga amancanyana wesakhiwo se-elliptical ngesihloko esingenalutho nangaphansi le-pubescent. Izimbali zimelelwa amakhekhe amnyama onsomi. Izithelo zibukeka njengobhontshisi onegazi. Izitshalo ziyaqhakaza ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo.
Ukutshala nokunakekela i-Astragalus ngaphandle
Ukuze ukhule i-astragalus emhlabathini ovulekile, kufanele kulandelwe lezi zimo ezilandelayo:
- Ngokutshala, kufanele ukhethe indawo enelanga, lapho kungeke kube khona sithunzi;
- Ngemuva kokuthi isihlahla sesivele sinezimpande, udinga ukubheka umswakama wenhlabathi ukuvikela ukuthi ungashisi, ukunisela i-astragalus esikhathini sokumila kubaluleke kakhulu;
- Ukuze isitshalo sikhule futhi sikhule ngokujwayelekile, sidinga ukondliwa ngezikhathi ezithile;
- Ukwakha izimo ezintofontofo zokukhula kwezihlahlana, indawo ene-astragalus kufanele isuswe ukhula idedelwe.
Ukubona le mithetho elula, ukukhulisa i-astragalus akunzima ngisho nakumlimi ongenalwazi.
I-Scarlet noma i-cercis nayo iyilungu lomndeni wakwaLegume. Ikhula ngesikhathi sokutshala nokunakekela endaweni evulekile ngaphandle kokuhlupheka okuningi, uma imithetho yobuchwepheshe bezolimo ibonwa. Ungathola zonke izincomo ezidingekayo kule ndatshana.
Ukunisela i-Astragalus
Lesi sitshalo sisonke asifunwa kumswakama. Kodwa-ke, ngonyaka wokuqala kufanele uyophuziswa kaningi, uqiniseke ukuthi inhlabathi ayomile futhi ayigcwele amanzi.
Esikhathini esizayo, i-astragalus ingabekezelela kalula isomiso, futhi umswakama omningi womhlabathi ungaholela ekuwohlisweni kohlelo lwempande nokufa kwesitshalo.
Ground for astragalus
Kuya ngokuthi hlobo luni lwesiko oluzokhethwa ekutshaleni, "umhlabathi" wakho uyakhethwa. Ezinye izinkanyezi zidinga i-chernozem enempilo, kanti ezinye, kunalokho, zidinga umhlabathi ongenalutho, onamatye noma onesihlabathi.
Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokucabanga ngokutshala isitshalo, udinga ukuthola konke ngezinhlobonhlobo zawo, bese ubhekana nokukhethwa kwenhlabathi kuphela. Kepha noma kunjalo, ungakhohlwa ngesendlalelo sedamu. Uhlelo lwezimpande alubekezeleli ukuqina komswakama, ngoba lugeleza ngokushesha okukhulu.
Ukufakelwa kwe-Astragalus
Ama-Astragals akakubekezeleli kahle ukufakelwa. Uma kuba nesidingo sokuhambisa lesi sitshalo kwenye indawo, kufanele sisuswe ngenqwaba yomhlaba bese sidluliselwa komunye umhlabathi ngokunemba okukhulu.
Kungcono ukufeza ukufakelwa entwasahlobo ukuze isitshalo siguqise ehlobo futhi sibekezelele ubusika ngaphandle kwezinkinga. Kepha uma uhlelo lwezimpande lubolile noma ezinye izinkinga zivela, ukufakelwa kungenziwa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, kepha nokho lokhu akusiluleki.
Endaweni eyodwa, lesi sitshalo singakhula size sifinyelele eminyakeni emihlanu, emva kwalokho izimfanelo zayo zokuhlobisa ziqala ukuwohloka futhi i-shrub idinga ukufakelwa.
Ukudla kwe-Astragalus
I-Astragalus, empeleni, njengazo zonke izitshalo zidinga umanyolo. Umanyolo wamaminerali kanye nezinto eziphilayo ezivezwe ngumquba nomquba kufanele zisetshenziswe njengokugqoka phezulu.
Galela lesi sitshalo ekwindla nasentwasahlobo lapho utshala noma utshala.
Izimbali ze-Astragalus
Isikhathi sezimbali zesitshalo siba maphakathi nehlobo. Ezinye izinhlobo ze-astragalus eziqhakaza ekwindla zakuqala.
I-shrub ine-inflemcose inflorescence yemibala ehlukahlukene - ukusuka kokumhlophe nokububende kuya kphuzi nokubomvu. Kukhona futhi izinhlobonhlobo ezinezimbali eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ngaphandle kokuhlukile, zonke izinhlobo ze-astragalus zinephunga elimnandi nelimnandi.
Ukuthena kwe-Astragalus
Ukuthenwa kwe-astragalus kwenziwa kuphela uma lesi sitshalo sikhulelwe izinjongo zokwelapha.
Unganquma kuphela amagatsha ayi-1/3, ushiye okusele ukuvuthwa kwezithelo. Izihlahla kwenziwa ngesikhathi sezitshalo eziqhakazayo.
I-Astragalus ebusika
Ngokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo, ingxenye esemhlabeni yesitshalo iyafa bese iyafa. Uhlelo lwezimpande luhlala ebusika emhlabathini.
I-Astragalus ayidingi ukumbozwa, kepha nokho kungcono ukwenza i-hilling yezitshalo ekwindla sekwedlule isikhathi.
I-Astragalus ekhula kusuka ezinhlanyelweni
Leli siko lisakazwa kusetshenziswa imbewu. Njengoba zisegobolondeni elinzima, elivimbela ukuhluma kwalo, ngaphambi kokuba lihlwanyelwe, inqubo yokuthola izisulu kufanele yenziwe ukuze yephule ubuqotho bayo. Ngakho-ke, ukuhluma kwembewu kungakhuphukela kuma-80%.
Kunconywa ukutshala lesi sitshalo ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo enhlabathini elungiselelwe ukusuka ekwindla, kwehlise imbewu ngamasentimitha amathathu enhlabathini futhi yenze ibanga phakathi kwayo ngamasentimitha angama-45.
Amahlumela okuqala azovela cishe inyanga. Ekuqaleni, zizokhula kancane kakhulu ngakho-ke kuyodingeka zinakekelwe ngokucophelela: ukukhulula inhlabathi, ukulwa nezilokazane nokhula lokhula.
Izifo Nezinambuzane
Yize i-Astragalus iyisitshalo esimelana kahle ezifweni nasezinambuzaneni, zisekhona lezo i-shrub esingahlupheka kuzo.
Isikhala sesicabucabu - Lokhu izinambuzane zihlala phezu kwangaphakathi kwamaqabunga bese zidla ujusi wazo. Ungathola ngobukhona bayo ngokuvela kwewebhu elimhlophe, elinamathele, elivela esiqwini, emagatsheni nakumaqabunga esitshalo. Ungabhekana nakho ngokufafaza ngama-insecticides anjenge- "Actara" ne "Fitoverma".
Ama-aphid - Lesi sinambuzane singena emacembe kanye nesiqu sesitshalo, sidla ujusi waso futhi siholele ekufeni. Ukomiswa kwe-astragalus kufakazela ukubonakala kwama-aphid. Futhi kuma-bugs amaqabunga wombala omhlophe noma oluhlaza kuzobonakala kahle. Ukufafaza ngamanzi anensipho, i-decoction of anyanisi hus ne-Intavir insecticide kuzosiza ukuqeda inkathazo.
Ukujikeleza - Lesi sifo senzeka ngenxa yokunisela okungafanele nokuqina kwamanzi ezimpandeni. Lokhu kuholela eqinisweni lokuthi uhlelo lwezimpande nozilo luyafa.
Uma kwenzeka inkathazo enjalo, i-astragalus kufanele ibunjiwe, isistimu yezimpande inyakaziswe emhlabathini, izindawo ezithintekile zezimpande zisuswe kanye nezimpande ezisele ziphathwe nge-antiseptic. Ngemuva kwalokho faka isitshalo esithintekile singene emhlabathini olungiselelwe. Ngokuzayo, ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi akumele kuvunyelwe.
Izakhiwo zezokwelapha ze-Astragalus kanye ne-contraindication
Ngokusekelwe ocwaningweni oluningi, ososayensi bakwazi ukuthola ukuthi i-astragalus isitshalo esiyingqayizivele ngempela esinomphumela onenzuzo hhayi kuzo zonke izinhlelo zomzimba kuphela, kodwa futhi sikuvumela ukuthi wehlise inqubo yokuguga.
Isitshalo sicebile:
- Amafutha abalulekile aqeda izinqubo zokuvuvukala futhi abe nezakhiwo ze-antiseptic. Ngaphezu kwalokho, banomphumela onenzuzo ohlelweni lwezinzwa oluphakathi.
- I-Digestive Organic Acids.
- Ama-tannins aqinisa izindonga ze-vascular futhi abhubhise i-microflora ye-pathogenic.
- Ama-Polysaccharides angama-immunomodulators asebenzayo.
- Ama-Flavonoids avimbela ukukhula komdlavuza.
- Amavithamini C no-E.
I-Astragalus inomphumela wethoni ne-hypotensive. Iyakhipha ukuvuvukala, ibuyise ukwakheka kwegazi, ijulise imithambo yegazi futhi ibe nomphumela omuhle ohlelweni lokujikeleza kwegazi. Isetshenziselwa ukuqunjelwa kanye ne-bronchitis.
Kuyasiza ukuqeda i-scrofula, i-dermatitis, rheumatism kanye nezifo ezithathelwana ngocansi. Emithini yesintu, zonke izingxenye zesitshalo ziyasetshenziswa - kusuka ezimpandeni kuya ezimbali.
Ukuxhumanisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-astragalus ukuthinta komzimba, ukuncelisa ibele kanye nesiteji esithuthukile se-hypertension.
Isicelo se-Astragalus emithini yesintu
Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, ngesisekelo se-astragalus, izidakamizwa eziningi ziyalungiswa ezisetshenziswa ngempumelelo emithini yendabuko. Nayi eminye imiyalo ephumelelayo ehlolwe inqwaba yeziguli.
I-Astragalus tincture yezifo zezitho ze-ENT
Izimpande ze-woolly astragalus zisetshenziselwa ukulungisa i-tinctures yotshwala, esetshenziselwa i-bronchitis, sinusitis, umkhuhlane, i-migraines futhi njenge-immunomodulator yemvelo. Ukuyilungiselela, udinga ukuthatha i-rhizome eyomile ngenani lama-gramu angama-50 nama-millilitre angama-300 otshwala.
Ukuze ulungiselele i-tincture, izimpande kufanele zichotshozwe, ziwathele embizeni yengilazi bese uthela utshwala. Bese ususa ingxube endaweni emnyama izinsuku eziyi-10. Ngezikhathi ezithile, i-tincture kufanele isuswe futhi inyakaziswe.
Ngemuva kokuphelelwa yisikhathi kwemigomo kufanele kukhishwe futhi kudliwe ngamaconsi angama-20 ahlanjululwe ngamanzi abilisiwe. Kuyadingeka ukuyiphuza izinsuku eziyisikhombisa.
I-Astragalus decoction kwisifo senhliziyo se-ischemic
Leli thuluzi lisebenza kuphela esigabeni sokuqala sesifo se-ischemic. Ukuyilungiselela, kufanele uthathe amagremu ayi-10 wotshani obomile be-astragalus bese uyithela ngamamililitha amanzi ayi-200. Umphumela kufanele ubiliswe phezu kokushisa okuphansi imizuzu eyi-15, bese kupholile futhi kuhoxe.
Thatha umhluzi ophumile kufanele ube yizipuni ezi-2 izikhathi ezine ngosuku amasonto amabili. Ukunwetshwa kwekhosi kufanele kuxoxiswane nodokotela wakho.
