Izihlahla zeRowan zihlobisa ngokukhethekile unyaka wonke, ngenxa yamaqabunga awo aluhlaza aqhakazile. Ekuqaleni kwehlobo, zimbozwe izimbali ezimhlophe, ukhilimu noma pink onephunga elimnandi. Ekwindla, amaqabunga omlotha asezintabeni athola i-huimson ebomvu ngokubabazekayo, edlula ezigabeni zophuzi norenji. Ebusika, umlotha wasentabeni uhlotshiswe ngamaqoqo ama-chic amajikijolo asindayo acwebezelayo: obomvu, opinki, ukhilimu, ophuzi noma onsundu.
Izithelo zomlotha wentaba. © Krzysztof P. JasiutowiczUmlotha wasentabeni (ISorbus) - uhlobo lwezihlahla ezinqanda isithwathwa nezihlahla eziqhamuka emndenini weRosaceae (Rosaceae) Umlotha wezintaba ukhula emahlathini nasezindaweni zezintaba, uhla lwazo lokusabalalisa luqala kusuka enyakatho kude kuya ebangeni eliphakathi le-hemisphere yasenyakatho. Uhlobo lwe-Rowan luhlanganisa izinhlobo ezingama-200. Lo mbhalo umayelana Intaba umlotha ojwayelekile (I-Sorbus aucuparia) - izihlahla ezinhle noma izihlahlana esizijwayele kusukela ebuntwaneni. Amaqabunga omlotha asezintabeni anjalo ayindida, iqabunga ngalinye liqukethe amaqabunga amancanyana acashile.
Kusukela ezikhathini zobuqaba, umlotha wezintaba ube yingxenye yempilo namasiko ezizwe zamaCelt, Scandinavia nezamaSlavic. Ngokwezinkolelo zabo, umlotha wentaba wanikezwa amandla omlingo, bakwazi ukulandela amasosha ngesikhathi sempi, bavikele emhlabeni wabafi futhi bavikele nakubuthakathi. Ukuze zivikele iso elibi, kwenziwa iziphambano ezivela emahlathini asezintabeni, ayexhunywa ngentambo ebomvu futhi athunga nezingubo. Amahlamvu kaRowan afake izintambo zomakoti nomkhwenyana ngesikhathi somshado. Izinduku zazenziwa ngokhuni oluqondile. Amagatsha eRowan ahlobisa iMaypole eBeltayn. Umlotha waseNtabeni watshalwa eduzane nendawo yokuhlala, futhi ukususwa noma ukucekela phansi umlotha wentaba egcekeni lakho kwezinye izindawo kusathathwa njengento embi. Uma ubheka ngokucophelela uhlangothi olungaphansi lomlotha wentaba, ungabona ukuthi ngesimo saso inkanyezi elinganayo enamakhomba amahlanu, futhi lesi ngesinye sezimpawu zakudala ezibaluleke kakhulu zobuqaba - uphawu lokuvikelwa.
Izinkuni zeRowan zilukhuni futhi ziyabekezela, futhi ziboleka ngokwazo ekuqhubekweni. Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, izindilinga nama-runes zenziwe ngomlotha wasentabeni. AmaRowan amajikijolo asetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza udayi obomvu we-organic wezindwangu. Izithelo zakwaRowan zicebile ngokungajwayelekile ku-Vitamin C futhi sekuyisikhathi eside zisetshenziselwa ukupheka ekhaya ukwenza iwayini, ubhiya, ujamu, ujamu, ijeli, ujeli, uphudingi nososo URowan nezinyoni bayakuthanda kakhulu, okuwumthombo obalulekile wokudla ebusika. Esikhathini solwanga, amnandi futhi amuncu noma anomunyu, lokhu kunconywa ukuthi kusetshenziswe kwifomu eliphelile ngokufakwa ushukela.
Ukukhetha isiza sokutshala iRowan
Umlotha osentabeni ungumuthi omude kunayo, ngakho-ke kungakuhle ukuthi uyitshale eceleni komngcele wegadi ukuze ingabonakali indawo, ngokwesibonelo, eceleni komngcele ohlangothini olusenyakatho. Umlotha weNtaba ungakhula kunoma iyiphi inhlabathi, ngisho nenhlabathi engeyinhle, kodwa nokho ukhetha inhlabathi evundile - izibani ezikhanyayo neziphakathi nendawo ezibamba amanzi kahle.
Ukubuka okujwayelekile komlotha wentaba. © Mehmet KaratayUkutshala kweRowan
Batshala ekwindla noma ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo - imvamisa kuze kube sekupheleni kuka-Ephreli, ngoba kuqala ukukhula ekuqaleni kwesikhashana. Ukuthola isivuno esikhulu, kungcono ukuthenga izinhlobonhlobo zomlotha osezintabeni: Izitshalo ezitshalwe kanye, yize zithambekele kokuzala, azikhiqizi kangako.
Batshala izihlahla kude okungenani ezingama-4-6 m ukusuka komunye nomunye. Amapayipi ambiwa ngokujula nobubanzi obungamasentimitha angama-60-80. Agcwele inhlanganisela yenhlabathi yomquba ngenhlabathi engaphezulu evundile, lapho kufakwa khona idlanzana le-superphosphate kanye namafosholo angama-2 we-humus humus elineminyaka emithathu (kutholakala umquba omusha hhayi owedlule). Ngemuva kokutshala, izithombo zomlotha osezintabeni kumele ziniselwe futhi zifinyezwe umqhubi osenkabeni, futhi ngonyaka olandelayo, amahlumela amancane nakamuva.
Ukunakekelwa komlotha wentaba
Ukunakekela umlotha osentabeni kuncishiselwa ekususeni amahlumela ngesikhathi, okuvame ukwakhiwa eduze kwentamo yezimpande, futhi amahlumela akhula ngaphansi kwendawo yokugoma, kanye nokunisela, ukufaka umanyolo nokukhulula umhlabathi, akha umqhele nokulawula izinambuzane nezifo. Njengoba umlotha wasentabeni entwasahlobo usheshe kakhulu futhi uqala ukukhula, ukuthena nokugqoka okuphezulu kufanele kwenziwe ngokushesha futhi ngesikhathi esifushane. Ngasikhathi sinye, amahlumela amancane aphukile anqunywa ezitshalweni ezincane, ezinde kunazo zonke ziyanqotshwa kuhlumela lwangaphandle.
Lapho izitshalo zokuthena izithelo, uhlobo lwe-fruiting kufanele lubhekwe. Ezinhlotsheni nasezinhlotsheni zomlotha osezintabeni, othela izithelo ukukhula konyaka odlule, amahlumela amfishane kancane, bese umqhele oqinisiwe ukhishwa. Izitshalo ezinokukhula okubuthakathaka zenziwa ukuthena okudala ukuguga ngokhuni oluneminyaka emibili noma emithathu ubudala ukuze kubangele ukukhula kwamahlumela amasha. Amagatsha ayimidwebo emincane afinyezwa ekwakhekeni kwezithelo zomlotha ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene zokwakheka kwezithelo, anciphisa ngokuhlelekile futhi avuselela amagilavu.
Kusukela ngonyaka wesithathu wokuphila, umlotha omncane wezintaba kumele ondliwe ngomanyolo wamaminerali. Izikhathi ezintathu zokugqoka eziphezulu zisebenza kakhulu: entwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuqhakaza, kufakwa ama-20 g we-nitrogen. I-25 g ye-phosphorus kanye ne-15 g yamanyolo we-potash ngesikwele ngasinye. m landings; ehlobo - i-10-15 g ye-nitrogen ne-phosphorus ne-10 g ye-potash; ekwindla, ngemuva kokuvuna, - 10 g we-phosphorus ne-potash. Umanyolo uvala ungashoni, umba umhlabathi kancane, emva kwalokho okutshalwe kuwo kuniselwa kakhulu.
I-Rowan inflorescence © martainnUkukhiqizwa kabusha komlotha osentabeni
Izinhlobo zezintaba umlotha - imbewu, nezindlela zokuhlobisa nezinhlobonhlobo - zaxhunyaniswa kumlotha ovamile wezintaba noma umlotha wentaba waseFinland, ngoba owokugcina unesistimu yezimpande enamandla futhi ejulile futhi nezitshalo ezazixhunyelelwa kuzo ziba ngaphansi kwenhlabathi eyomile. Imiphumela emihle ingatholwa kusetshenziswa i-hawthorn njengesitoko. Amajikijolo amaRowan avame ukudonswa ngoJulayi noma ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti ngamehlo okulala. Intaba yomlotha ekhaya (I-Sorbus domestica) kuma-isiphunzi ezijwayelekile akusebenzi, kukhula kahle kuphela uma kugonywe kumdlalo wethanga.
Lapho i-rowan isakazwa ngembewu, ukuhlwanyelwa kwenziwa ekwindla noma entwasahlobo, amayunithi angaba ngu-150 atshalwa ngembewu ngemitha eli-1 ngonyaka ahlukaniswe. Imbewu eyomile noma yangonyaka owedlule ngaphambi kokuba i-stratization ifakwe pre-amahora angama-3-4. Izilimo ezenziwa ngaphambi kobusika empeleni zifakwe udoti wamaqabunga. Izithombo zezinhlobo eziningi zomlotha wezintaba zikhula ngokushesha futhi ngokuwa kwazo kufanelekile ukutshala esikoleni ukuze zikhule futhi zakhele.
Ubuchwepheshe bokukhula kokutshala okuvela ezinhlanyelweni ezi-rowan bulula kakhulu, futhi kwezinye izimo bulula ukwedlula ukwenziwa kabusha ngokugoma - izinso ezilalayo noma ukusikeka. Kodwa-ke, ngesikhathi sokusakazwa kwembewu, umuntu akufanele acabangele kuphela ubukhulu bokwehluka kwezinhlobo zezilwane, kodwa futhi nokungena kwesikhathi kwesikhathi sokuqhakaza izimbali nezithelo.
Inani lomlotha osentabeni, isibonelo, isiFinnish, i-elderberry. ezinkulu, izithelo zaseMoravian, ezinezithelo ezimnandi, iNvezhinsky, iBurka nabanye, lapho zisatshalaliswa ngembewu, zikhiqiza inzalo engafani nhlobo nonina futhi engaphansi kwezitshalo ezitholwe ngokuxhunyelelwa.
Amahlumela weRowan akhula ngokushesha okukhulu futhi, njengomthetho, avuthiwe. Izitshalo ezincane zitshalwa kangcono endaweni ehlala njalo ekwindla, zishiya ama-3-4 m phakathi kwezinhlobo ezinamandla, no-1.5-2 m phakathi kwezitshalo ezincane.
Izinhlobo zeRowan
Wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi umlotha osentabeni uvamile, kepha abaningi abasoli ukuthi izinhlobo eziningi ezinezithelo ezihlwabusayo nezinempilo zinikezwe izisekelo zawo.
- 'I-Scarlet big' - Enye yezinhlobo ezibaluleke kakhulu zalesi siko. Ngesikhathi sokuhlanganiswa kabusha kwe-hybridization, kwahlanganiswa ingxubevange yembewu evela ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene zamapheya. Izithelo zaso zikhulu kakhulu (ngaphezu kwe-4 g), zibomvu i-aloe, zifana nama-cherries, anojusi, ngokukhanya kwe-astringency, kepha ngaphandle komunyu. Izinhlobonhlobo zisencane, kusendaweni yonke. Ukuvunwa kwesihlahla esisodwa esidala kufinyelela kumakhilogremu ayi-150.
- 'Bead' - uthela izithelo ngonyaka we-4-5 emva kokutshala. Esihlahleni esiphansi, izithelo ezibomvu ze-ruby zivuthwa ukunambitha njengama-cranberry. Izinhlobonhlobo zilukhuni ebusika, zimelana nezifo. Izitshalo zizinzile.
- 'IBethel' - kutholwe kumlotha wentaba iNevezhinsky. Umuthi ophansi uthela izithelo. Izithelo zi-orange-pink, zicwebezela, zinesisindo esingaba ngu-1,3 g. Izinhlobonhlobo zibonakala ngokuqina kobusika obuphezulu.
- 'IGrenade' - i-hybrid yomlotha osezintabeni one-hawthorn enezithelo ezinkulu. Ukuphakama kwesihlahla 3-4 m. Kuthela usayizi we-cherry. Ukunambitheka kumnandi futhi kumuncu, ngaphandle komunyu. Ukuqina kobusika nokukhiqiza kuphezulu. Izithelo eminyakeni emithathu.
- 'Ubuhle' - umphumela wokuwela i-rowan ne-pearl. Lesi sihlahla sakha umqhele obanzi we-pyramidal, ukuphakama kwawo kungamamitha angama-6,6. Izithelo zikhulu njalo ngonyaka, izithelo zinkulu, 1.8-2.2 g, umbala ogcwele obomvu we-orange onomumo oblong ongewona uphawu lomlotha wentaba. Ukunambitheka kuyinto ethize.
- 'Ithemba' - isihlahla simile. Izithelo (1.8-2 g) ziqukethe inani elikhulu lezinto ezisebenza ngokusebenza. Izinhlobonhlobo zibonakala ngokuvuthwa kokuqala nokukhiqiza okuphezulu.
- 'Ruby' - isitshalo sohlobo olufushane (2-2.3 m) ngomqhele osabalalisa. Izithelo ziyi-ruby emnyama (1,8 g), ukunambitheka okumnandi nokumuncu.
- 'I-Titan' - izinhlobonhlobo zitholwe ngenxa yokuwela umlotha osentabeni ngethanga nomuthi obomvu onamaqabunga abomvu. Umuthi ophakathi nendawo onomqhele ozungezwe obanzi. Izithelo zibomvu ngombala omnyama onamaqabunga anesisindo esingama-2 g. Izithelo minyaka yonke.
- I-'Sorbinka ' - umuthi ophakathi nendawo. Izithelo zikhulu (kufinyelela ku-3 g), zibomvu ophuzi, nokunambitheka okumnandi okuqabulayo. Izithelo ngonyaka we-5-6. Izitshalo ziningi.
Amajikijolo eRowan. © Mary ShattockIzifo zeRowan nezinambuzane
Umlotha osentabeni umelana kahle nezinambuzane nezifo ezahlukahlukene. Umonakalo obalulekile uphawulwa kuphela eminyakeni ethile. Esihlahleni somlotha wasezintabeni, kunezinambuzane ezinjengama-sawflies, amacimbi we-scoop, imikhaza. Amabhungane wezimbali ahlala ezimbali zezhlahla, nasezithelo nasezingxenyeni kukhona inundu lomlotha wezintaba, umpe wezithelo zezithelo kanye namabhungane angamagxolo. Ukuvunwa komlotha wezintaba eziphansi kakhulu.
