Ikhukhamba, le imifino ye-crispy iyisimenywa esamukelekayo kunoma yiliphi ithebula, futhi ngenxa yalokho izitshalo zamakhukhamba zikhula cishe kuyo yonke ingadi. Zitshalwa zombili ngokusebenzisa izithombo, nangokutshala ngokulula imbewu enhlabathini, kuyo yonke inhlabathi evikelekile nakumbamba obamba ukushisa. Ikhukhamba isisenkingeni isikhathi eside manje, inqwaba yezinhlobo ibilokhu izalwa, futhi kubonakala sengathi, kufanele sazi konke ngamakhukhamba akhulayo, kodwa empeleni akusebenzi ngaleyondlela. Abalimi, ikakhulukazi abaqalayo, njengomthetho, benza amaphutha amakhulu lapho bekhula ikhukhamba, eliqeda iphupho lesithelo esikhulu, futhi ngokuvamile izitshalo ziyafa ngokuphelele. Ukuze ugweme amaphutha, kufanele ubazi, ngakho-ke kulesi sihloko sizohlaziya ngemininingwane eminingi amaphutha ajwayelekile lapho kukhula ukhukhamba esizeni sethu.
Ukulima ikhukhamba1. Ukungena komoya okungalungile
Ake siqale ngokugcina abamba ukushisa, lapha iphutha elivame kakhulu akuyona umoya omncane wegumbi. Abanye, besaba ukuthi ukhukhamba kungenzeka bahlupheke kakhulu ngenxa yokushisa kakhulu, bavule onke amawindi nezicabha zohlaza abamba ukushisa ngasikhathi sinye, ngaleyo ndlela bapholise umoya kuwo, kodwa ngasikhathi sinye bakha uhlaka olusegunjini, olungamakhekhe ngokuphelele. Eqinisweni, ungangena ku-greenhouse lapho izinga lokushisa elikhuphuka lingaphezulu kwama-30 degrees; ngasikhathi sinye, akunakwenzeka ukuvula amafasitela neminyango kusuka kuzo zonke izinhlangothi, kodwa yenza lokhu ngesikhathi ukuze umoya ungahambi "uzungeze ikamelo."
2. Umswakama omningi
Leli phutha lisebenza kuzo zombili izingadi zokugcina izithombo nomhlaba ovulekile. Abalimi ngethemba lokuthola isivuno serekhodi lamakhukhamba ngesinye isikhathi bagcwalisa izitshalo, bawumise ngokweqile umhlabathi, futhi bafeze nokunisela okunjalo ngezikhathi ezithile, okokuqala bahlole izitshalo ukuthola ukubekezelela isomiso, bese bethela amashumi wamalitha eqhwa kuyo kaningi.
Lokhu akunakwenziwa, ukungaphezulu komswakama okuhambisana nokushisa kungaholela ekuqubukeni kwezifo ezahlukahlukene zokukhunta, futhi kumane kubangele ukushaqeka esitshalweni, futhi kuyeke ukukhula. Khumbula: ukhukhamba like ukuthambisa ngokulinganisela futhi njalo, okungukuthi, ngaphandle kwamakhefu amade.
Into esemqoka ukukhumbula ukuthi awukwazi ukoma ugcwalise inhlabathi. Ngaphambi kokuqhakaza, izitshalo zamakhukhamba zidinga ukuniselwa kakhulu, zithululela amabhakede okushisa amakamelo okugcoba kwamamitha ayi-skwele ngamunye ngesonto. Nakulokhu, uma lina futhi selivele limanzi, khona-ke ukuthambisa akudingeki, vele lokhu kuyiqiniso ngomhlaba ovulekile.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngesikhathi sezimbali zamakhukhamba, udinga ukuwanisela ngokucophelela, uqaphela ukuthi ungangeni ezimbali kanye nengxenye yamanzi amaningi. Ngemuva kokuthi izithelo ziboshwe, umthamo womswakama othululiwe ungabuyiselwa (amabhakede amabili ngemitha yesikwele). Ngesikhathi sokukhula okusebenzayo kwezithelo zamakhukhamba, kuyinto efiselekayo ukugcina inhlabathi isendaweni emanzi kancane.
3. Ukwehluleka ukuhambisana nokujikeleza kwezilimo
Umqondo womgcini wegadi ngamunye: lapho ukhukhamba enikeza isivuno esihle kakhulu esigabeni esisodwa, kudingeka ukuthi atshalwe lapha ngonyaka olandelayo futhi - empeleni akulungile. Ngokufanelekile, njalo ngonyaka udinga ukushintsha indawo ebekelwe izitshalo zamakhukhamba. Okuhlukile kungenziwa kuphela uma uhlakulela isiza ngokufanelekile, ukufaka inkimbinkimbi egcwele yomanyolo futhi usebenzise ukuvikeleka okuthembekile ezinambuzaneni nasezifo, kodwa noma kunjalo, ukhukhamba akufanele ukhule endaweni eyodwa isikhathi esingaphezu kweminyaka emithathu, ungaqala ukulimala unikeze ukuncipha ukuvuna.
Ukujikeleza isivuno nakho kubalulekile, futhi ukungahambelani kuyiphutha langempela. Ngakho-ke, ngokwesibonelo, awukwazi ukutshala ukhukhamba endaweni lapho izilimo zikunguthsi zikhule ngonyaka odlule, kodwa uma imifino, imifino, utamatisi kanye nama-radada ekhulile, kungenzeka impela. Ukhukhamba basabela kahle kwabandulelayo abanjengo iklabishi, u-anyanisi namazambane.
Ukutshala ikhukhamba ku greenhouse4. Ukudunyiswa kukhalenda
Ikhalenda lenyanga yalowo osebenza engadini nensimu iyamangalisa, kepha kuphela uma ungazilandeli ngobunyoninco izinombolo namathiphu akhe, kepha faka nomqondo. Isibonelo, uma ngokwekhalenda isikhathi sokutshala izithombo zamakhukhamba noma ukuhlwanyela imbewu, futhi kubanda ngaphandle kwewindi ngenxa yentwasahlobo esekupheleni, khona-ke kulokhu kungcono ukubuyela kwikhalenda. Amathiphu akukhalenda kufanele ahlanganiswe nokubonile kwakho - linda ukushisa, ukufudumeza inhlabathi, isikhathi lapho amafrimu asebusuku angafakiwe, bese kuphela lapho enza ukuhlwanyela nokutshala.
5. Umhlabathi ompofu ngeke usebenze
Ukuphutha ukungawanaki wonke amathiphu, kufaka phakathi umanyolo ngenxa yokwesaba ukunqwabelana kwama-nitrate ezithelo, noma ngenxa yethemba lenhlanhla, akuyona indlela yokuphuma. Isibonelo, uma uhlwanyela imbewu yamakhukhamba enhlabathini engekho mpofu, cishe ngeke uthole izitshalo ezigcwele ngokuphelele nesivuno esihle. Inhlabathi kumele ivundiswe kusetshenziswa omanyolo kanye nezinkimbinkimbi zamaminerali. Isibonelo, kungcono ukulungiselela inhlabathi yamakhukhamba ekwindla, engeza umquba ongu-2-3 kg womgquba obunjiwe noma we-humus, 250-300 g womlotha wokhuni kanye ne isipuni se-nitroammophoska ngemitha yesikwele yokumba inhlabathi.
6. Uma unamandla kakhulu izithombo zamakhukhamba, AKUKHO okungcono
Ukuduka komhlaba wonke ukukhulisa izithombo isikhathi eside ngangokunokwenzeka, futhi kutshalwe nezitshalo ezivuthiwe, cishe nama-ovari, ukutshala esizeni. Eqinisweni, kunamaminiseli amaningi amaningi kune-pluses: izithombo zamakhukhamba ezikhuhluziwe zinesistimu yezimpande esetshenzisiwe, futhi uma itshalwe kabusha, cishe izolimala; ngaphezu kwalokho, izithombo ezikhule kakhulu, izithombo ezinamandla sezijwayele kakhulu izimo "zasekhaya" ukuthi ngisho nasekushayeni okuluhlaza zizolulama isikhathi eside, futhi endaweni evulekile ingavele ife.
Musa ukugcina izithombo zamakhukhamba isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinsuku ezingama-32-33, ngokunengqondo, ubudala baso ngokuvamile bungasukela kumaviki amabili kuya kwamathathu. Uma utshala izithombo ezindala ezingaphezulu, lapho uzobona konke ukushaqeka kokufakelwa ngamehlo akho: kuzobukeka kubabaza, njengokungathi kunokudla okuncane noma umswakama omncane, kuzokhula endaweni entsha isikhathi eside futhi, ngenxa yalokho, kuzomane kusalele emuva ekukhuleni. Abalimi baze baqala isilingo: bahlwanyela imbewu yamakhukhamba batshala izithombo ezikhule kakhulu, ngakho-ke, saqala ukubonakala isikhathi eside kangangokuba ngisho nezithombo zazikwazi ukubhekana nakho, okusho ukuthi, iphuzu lonke lokukhula kwezithombo kuleli cala lilahlekile.
Izithombo Zekhukhamba Ezadlula7. Ubungani bemvelo ngaphezu kwakho konke
Elinye iphutha ukukhulisa imifino "enobungani bemvelo" ngaphandle kokusebenzisa abalawuli bokukhula kanye nanoma yikuphi ukuvikelwa ezinambuzaneni nasezifweni, kukhethwa kuphela izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo ezintsha. Maye, ah, lokhu ngeke kuholele kumphumela omuhle. Ngisho nezinto ezintsha zomhlaba ozalwayo azivikelekile ekuhlaselweni okuqongelelwe enhlabathini yakho eminyakeni edlule zokutshala izitshalo, izinambuzane nezifo ezithile kuwo, kanye nokuphuma endalweni - ukushisa noma ukupholisa okukhulu, lapho izitshalo zibonakala zilele futhi zingafuni ukuvuka ngaphandle kokuvuselela ukukhula.
Khumbula: konke kuhamba kahle ngokulinganisa - nokusetshenziswa kwama-fungicides, ama-insecticides, ama-acaricides, abalawuli bokukhula ngokuhambisana nemiyalo esephepheni, ekhombisa izikhathi zokulungisa kahle, ukuphindaphindwa, nomthamo - zonke lezi zinyathelo ngeke zenze lutho olubi, kepha ngizokusindisa kuphela kusuka ekudumazekeni, ngokubheka isipho sesikhathi sakho.
8. Musa ukutshala ngaphezu kwesilinganiso
Elinye iphutha nombono ojwayelekile ongelona iqiniso wokuthi izitshalo zamakhukhamba ezithe xaxa ezitshaliwe esakhiweni, isivuno esiphakeme siyoba njalo. Eqinisweni, amasu athuthukisiwe wokutshala azo zonke izitshalo ngaphandle kokubandakanya izitshalo zamakhukhamba, awathathwanga ophahleni. Zisuselwa ohlelweni oluphelele lokudla komsoco wesitshalo esithile, okungukuthi, ukukhula kohlelo lwaso lwezimpande, isisindo esingaphezulu komhlaba kanye nokufakwa kwezinto ezidingekayo kulesi sitshalo endaweni yendawo.
Isibonelo, ngokuqondene namakhukhamba onolwazi, njengoba sonke sazi, imivimbo emide, khona-ke yonke into icishe ifane: ngokushesha lapho izitshalo ezimbalwa kusayithi, ziphakeme isivuno. Musa ukutshala izithombo njalo ngo-25 cm ngezinsimbi ezingama-30 cm zilayini, kudingeka ubeke izitshalo ezimbalwa ngemitha eyisikwele, futhi uzojabula ngendlela yesitshalo esiqinile.
Kungcono unakekele ukukhula kwemivimbo engu ukuphakama ngokufaka izisekeli. Ngokutshala okugqinsiwe, izitshalo zizolwela ngokoqobo ukuba khona kwazo, zisuse ukudla komunye nomunye, zizobanjiswa imivimbo, umoya ngeke ukwazi ukujikeleza ngokujwayelekile futhi kuzoba nengozi yokutheleleka kwamakhowe. Ezimweni ezinjengalezi, ngeke uthole ukhukhamba obushelelezi futhi omnandi, uzoba ezikhundleni ezigwegwile futhi ezibabayo.
9. Ilanga eliningi
Indawo evulekile yinhle, ngoba ubungozi bokutheleleka ngefungus buphansi, kepha kulesi siza izitshalo zizodinga umswakama ophindwe kabili, ngeke kube khona amanzi ngokufafaza, ngoba ifomu elishayo kumakhasi amaqabunga, isikhathi sezimbali sizoba mfushane, futhi nempilo yesitshalo uqobo incane. Indawo efanelekile yokutshala ukhukhamba isithunzi esikhanyayo, umthunzi oyingxenye, khona-ke zonke izingqinamba zingagwenywa. Uma uhlanganisa isithunzi esikhanyayo ngokutshala kwe-sparse kanye nokunisela ngokulingana, khona-ke akukho lutho olubi oluzokwenzeka.
Kuthiwani ngalabo abangenaso isithunzi esizeni? Kukhona isisombululo - isonto ngaphambi kokutshala ukhukhamba, hlwanyela ummbila, usuka emibhedeni yamakhukhamba wesikhathi esizayo cishe amamitha owodwa nesigamu. Ummbila umakhelwane omuhle wekhukhamba, futhi angavele adale umthunzi oyinxenye ofanele.
Ikhukhamba olukhulayo ku-trellis10. Ukwenziwa kwamakhukhamba kuyadingeka
Ukwakheka okungalungile kwezitshalo zamakhukhamba noma ukungabikho kwayo ngokuphelele kungenye iphutha lomgcini wegadi. Kulokhu, ungathembela kuphela esithelweni se-Mediocre, kepha "isivuno" sesisindo esiluhlaza ngendlela yemivimbo namahlamvu amaqabunga nakanjani sihamba phambili. Kudingeka amafomu, futhi akufanele esabe. Bhekisisa lesi sitshalo, ngabe kukhona amahlumela amaningi, ingabe azosibekelana? Uma kunjalo, khona-ke izimbangi zethu zingenziwa ngobunono, bese kuncipha ihlathi. Ikakhulu kuyadingeka ukwenza lokhu ekuqaleni kwentuthuko yezitshalo, unaka isisekelo sezihlahla. Ngemuva kwamashidi ama-2-3 avela enhlabathini yenhlabathi ekuseni, lapho ukhukhamba usegqumeni, ungasusa amahlumela we-axillary, lokhu kuzoqondisa ukudla "ngendlela efanele".
Kulabo abacabanga ukuthi ukwakha ikhukhamba kungumsebenzi onzima kakhulu, ungasebenzisa izeluleko zalabo abanolwazi, uthi - susa zonke izitebhisi zekhukhamba kuze kufike ku-wesine yesine, nakuzo zonke lezo amahlumela eziphakeme, mane nje uzithinte.
11. Mhlawumbe kuzodlula
Ithemba lenhlanhla livame ukuletha ubunzima. Lokhu kusebenza kuyo yonke into, kubandakanya ukungazinaki izifo ezahlukahlukene zamakhukhamba. Imvamisa, umlimi uvele ayivumele idlule yodwa, abese ekhononda ngezinhlobonhlobo: bathi, abafuyi bezinkomo bayenga "noma yini." Eqinisweni, noma yikuphi ukuphambuka kokujwayelekile esibonelweni sesitshalo samakhukhamba kufanele kube sekuqaphile: kungenzeka ukuthi into ethile ilahlekile enhlabathini noma isifo noma inkathazo iyaqhubeka.
Ngezimpawu zokuqala, isifo esisodwa noma kwesinye singakhonjwa bese kuthathwa izinyathelo kuze kube yilapho isitshalo noma wonke amasimu efile. Imvamisa, izitshalo zamakhukhamba zingacutshungulwa kusuka ezifweni nasezinambuzaneni ngemuva kokutshala izithombo, bese ngaphambi kokuqhakaza, bese kuba amasonto ambalwa ukwelashwa kwesibili futhi, ekugcineni, emasontweni ambalwa ngaphambi kokuvela kwezindawo zokugcina izithombo.
12. Uma usuthisiwe - sekwanele
Wake wazibuza ukuthi kungani sidla kathathu ngosuku? Kulungile, ngoba ngale ndlela umzimba uthola inani elanele lokudla nemisebenzi ngokujwayelekile. Manje kungani uhhafu wabalimi wenza iphutha elikhulu njengokugqoka okuphezulu kwenkathi yonyaka? Cabanga nje ukuthi inkathi usuku, ngakho-ke udinga ukondla ukhukhamba ekuqaleni kwesizini, maphakathi nendawo futhi cishe ekugcineni, lapho-ke izilimo zizobe zigcwele.
Ekuqaleni kwesizini, ukhukhamba ungondliwa nge-nitroammophos, ngokuqothula ebhakedeni lamanzi isipuni salomanyolo (amalitha angama-2-3 ngemitha yesikwere). Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza izitshalo, izitshalo zingafafazwa nge-boric acid (1 g nge-5 l lamanzi, ejwayelekile ngemitha yesikwele), ngaphezu kwalokho, ungangeza isipuni se-superphosphate ne-potassium sulfate, kuthi lapho izithelo zamakhukhamba zivuthwe, ziphase futhi ngomthamo ofanayo we-potassium ne-phosphoric umanyolo.
Izithelo zamakhukhamba ngaphezulu13. Musa ukusukela isisindo
Elinye iphutha elikhulu ukulinda ukuthi ukhukhamba uthole isisindo esiqinile bese uqoqa kuphela. Ikhukhamba alilona ithanga, lapha izinombolo ezinjalo azidluleli ize. Uma ushiya ngisho nezithelo ezimbalwa kuleso sitshalo, khona-ke lesi sitshalo sibona lokhu njengethuba lokukhulisa isithelo esinezimbewu, ngakho-ke kukhubaza ukudluliselwa kokudla kwezinye izithelo futhi kuqala ukuzondla kakhulu lezo oshiye. Ngakho-ke, njengoba usuthole ikhukhamba ezimbalwa ezinkulu, uzolahlekelwa yisilimo esikhudlwana kakhulu.
Kwenzeka into efanayo lapho kungazelelwe kube nesifiso sokushiya isithelo esisodwa sekhukhamba imbewu. Ngakho-ke, uma unquma ukuqoqa imbewu kusuka ezinhlobonhlobo, bese ushiya izithelo zalokhu ekugcineni, lapho ungahleli ukuqoqa izilimo eziningi.
Ngokuqondene nokuvuna ngokuvamile, kwenze zonke ezinye izinsuku okungenani, futhi uma uthanda ukhukhamba omncane, ungavuna okungenani nsuku zonke.
Ngakho-ke, sibhale uhlu lwamaphutha ayisisekelo futhi ajwayelekile kakhulu abalimi, kodwa-ke, kungahle kube nalawo esingazange sithinte kuwo. Isibonelo, amaphutha ahlotshaniswa nokukhethwa kwezinhlobonhlobo zamakhukhamba nokungafaneleki kwawo kulinywe esifundeni esithile, amaphutha ngokutshala imbewu yezithombo nokutshala izithombo emhlabathini, kuphinde kususelwe ezimeni ezithile zesimo sezulu sakho.
Uma wenze amaphutha athile, ungakhathazeki, kungenzeka ngisho nochwepheshe bangempela. Khumbula ukuthi ungahlala ulungisa yonke into, futhi uma wenza iphutha, uthole okuhlangenwe nakho okubalulekile futhi ungakuphindi futhi. Uma unemibuzo, bese ubabuza kumazwana, sizophendula.
