Ngo-1806, uDuval wase-botanist odumile emisebenzini yakhe wachaza isitshalo somndeni we-aloe ngaphansi kwegama uGasteria. Ebantwini, lesi sitshalo saziwa kangcono njengomkhumbi onobumba. Leli gama lavela ngokufana okungajwayelekile kokuqanjwa okuncane kweshubhu ngaphansi kwezimbali eziyindilinga ezinama-fleas noma imikhumbi ebanzi.
Indawo okwazalelwa kuyo iGasteria yiNingizimu Afrika, lesi sitshalo sihlala kahle ngaphansi kwelanga elishisayo lendawo yamatshe. Ngenxa yokumelana namandla okushisa ngokweqile nokungazami, i-Gasteria isibe isitshalo esivame ukwenziwa ekhaya, esinezimpande ngokuphelele kuma-sill wasekhaya. Lesi sitshalo sivame ukudidaniswa kakhulu nezihlobo zezinhlobo zazo, ezinjenge-haworthia ne-aloe. Kunezindlela eziningi nzalo eziye zabonakala ngenxa yokuwela kwayo: ukuvakasha (i-aloe ne-gastery), i-gastworthia (i-haworthia ene-gastery).
Ngenxa yekhono eliyingqayizivele lokuhlangana kalula namakhulu ezitshalo zohlobo lwazo, izimila zase-Afrika ziphinda zigcwaliswe nsuku zonke ngenqwaba yembewu, inzalo zayo ikhula kalula emaphethelweni enhlabathi yesasevan nasemifuleni yomfula.
IGasteria isitshalo esingenasiqu, isisekelo saso siyisihlahla sokwenza irosette. Amaqabunga akhula ngababili emigqeni emibili; kubantu abadala, ukufana kwamahlamvu kuphuliwe, okunikeza isitshalo ukwakheka komoya. E-Gasteria, i-bilinearity ye-warty yokukhula kwamaqabunga igcinwa impilo yonke. Ukufana ne-aloe kulele ekwakhiweni kwesakhiwo seqabunga, ukunxanela kwamanzi nobunyama bayo.
Njengesitshalo sasekhaya, i-gastritis esetshenziswa kakhulu yizinhlobo ezintathu:
- I-Sparkot Gasteria
- UGasteria uthuliwe
- UWarty Gasteria
Zonke lezi zinhlobo ziyefana kakhulu, kunomehluko omncane kuphela ekwakhekeni nokwakhekeni kwamaqabunga.
IGasteria yinhle ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza. Esiqwini eside esingenalutho esikhula kusuka ekusekelweni kwamaqabunga, izimbali ezincane eziyindilinga zoqhakaza ophuzi, owolintshi, ophuzi noma obomvu. I-inflorescence iyi-pollin ngokwayo, yize kwezinye izimo ukungcoliswa kwenzeka ngosizo lwezinyoni. Ngemuva kokuba imbali ivuthwe, kuvulwa ibhokisi lembewu. Ngemuva kokungena emhlabathini, ukukhula kwesitshalo esisha kwenzeka esikhathini kusuka ezinsukwini eziyi-7 kuye kwezingu-8.
Kubalimi abaningi, iGasteria isibe isitshalo esithandayo. Ngenxa yokuthi kungenzeka ukuthi kusakazeke imifino, inani layo lenyuke kakhulu. Namuhla, cishe kuwo wonke amafasitela ungabona isitshalo esingajwayelekile esinamaqabunga angenaminyama embozwe ngamaphethini amangalisayo. Izihlahla ezinjengotshani obuluhlaza obumbala azithobeki kakhulu, futhi yize zikhula kancane, lokhu kuthandeka kudumile phakathi kwabathandi bezimbali.
Ukunakekelwa kwe-Gasteria nezimo ezikhulayo
Ngenxa yokungathobeki kwayo, iGasteria ingakhula cishe kunoma yiliphi ikhaya. Akesabi ilanga futhi akhula kahle emthunzini. Lesi sitshalo singafakwa efasiteleni lalabo abanamafasitela abheke entshonalanga, kepha noma kunjalo i-windows sill enamafasitela abheke enyakatho-mpumalanga ayoba ngcono kakhulu ekukhuleni kwesitshalo. Imbali ayilandeleki, kodwa noma kunjalo udinga ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukukhanya kwelanga akusigqokisi isitshalo futhi asishiyi ukushiswa yilanga emaqabungeni.
Ngokukhula okujwayelekile kwesitshalo, izinqubo zendodakazi zenziwa ngohlobo lwama-rosette akhiwa ngaphansi kwaso. Ngokubona komtshali, amahlumela angadluliselwa ebhodweni elisha ukuze akhe isitshalo esisha noma kwesobunxele ukuze akhe isihlahla esidumbile sesimo esingajwayelekile.
Isitshalo sidinga ukufakelwa konyaka. Lapho ukhetha ingxube yesitshalo, naka iqiniso lokuthi kufanele kuvunyelwe kahle ukufikelwa umswakama nomoya (Ph 5.5-5.7). Ingxube ingalungiswa wedwa - ngoba lokhu kuyadingeka ukuxhuma umhlaba wamaqabunga kanye ne-turf nge-peat nesihlabathi esikalini 2: 1: 1: 0.5. Kunconywa futhi ukufaka i-crumb izitini emhlabathini. Uma ngokuthengiswa kunengxube yomhlaba wokukhula kwe-cacti, nayo iphelele.
Ukunisela isitshalo kungenzeka kuphela ngomiswe ngokuphelele wenhlabathi. Ukunisela kufanele kube kuningi, kepha akufanele ugcwalise isitshalo, awudingi ukufafaza isitshalo.
Ukukhula okujwayelekile kwezitshalo, kuyadingeka ukukufaka umquba minyaka yonke. Umanyolo, ungasebenzisa ukugqokwa kwamaminerali aphezulu nge-cacti, kepha ukuhlushwa kwalesi sidakamizwa kufanele kuncishiswe nge-dilution. Umanyolo we-organic nawo uyadingeka. Isikhathi esihle kakhulu sokuphakelwa kubhekwa njengesi sikhathi kusuka ngoMeyi kuya kuSepthemba.
Sicela wazi, ngaphambi kokuthenga umanyolo wamaminerali, funda ngokucophelela ukwakheka kwawo. Ukuhlushwa kwe-nitrogen akufanele kudlule ukuqoqwa kwezinye izinto zomkhondo. Njengoba okweqile kwalokhu kuholela ekuwohlisweni kohlelo lwezimpande lwesitshalo. Isilinganiso esifanelekile se-nitrogen, i-potassium ne-phosphorus ngu-9: 24: 18.
Ngenkathi ebusika, lesi sitshalo sinconywa ukuba sisuswe kude nemishini yokushisa. Amazinga okushisa asekamelweni akufanele abe ngaphezulu kuka-17 ºะก. Ukuchelela ngalesi sikhathi kufanele kubhekwe ngokunakekelwa okuthile, ngoba ukugcwala ngokweqile noma izikhukhula zenhlabathi kuzoholela ekufeni kwesitshalo. Ebusika, i-Gasteria ayiniselwa kathathu.
Kulabo abathatha isinqumo sokusabalalisa isitshalo, besebenzisa ama-rosette amakhulu, kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa ngokucophelela ihlumela esihlahleni esidala. Cishe isikhathi esingangosuku ihlumela ligcinwa umoya ovulekile ukuze womiswe omncane wohlelo lwezimpande, emva kwalokho lubekwe enhlabathini ekhethekile ukuze lunikezwe usizo. Akudingekile ukumboza isitshalo; ukuchelela kufanele kube ngokulinganayo.
Imbali itholakala kalula ezifweni. Kunezifo eziningi okufanele ukuba wonke umtshali azazi izimpawu zazo.
- I-Mealybug - amaqabunga athinteka ukuphuma kwe-waxy kombala omhlophe.
- Amabala abangela kuphuzi nokuwa kwamaqabunga, ukuvela kwamabala amhlophe phezu kwawo.
- Ukubola okumpunga - ukubukeka kwayo kuhlotshaniswa nokunisela ngokweqile kwesitshalo
- Ama-aphid ayinto enqabile ebonakala ngokushesha.
Zonke izifo ziphathwa ngemithi ekhethekile noma amakhambi abantu. Mayelana nokuphazamiseka kweGasteria kungatholwa yisimo samaqabunga awo. Ukuphuzi, ukusonteka nokuwa kukhombisa ukuthi ukunakekelwa akulungile. Isitshalo kungenzeka singalungeli ekushiseni komoya, umswakama waso, ukukhanyisa, ubuningi noma, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuthambisa okungavamile kakhulu, ukuntuleka kwezakhi zomzimba. Kusuka ekunakekelweni komtshali lapho ukubukeka nesimo sesitshalo kuncike khona.
Bambalwa abantu abazi ngezakhiwo ezihlukile zeGasteria, kepha lesi sitshalo uyakwazi ukucebisa igumbi ngenani elikhulu le-oxygen ebumnyameni. Yingakho imvamisa ibekwa egumbini lokuhlala noma egumbini lokulala. Noma ngokunakekelwa okuncane, uGasteria uzojabulisa umnikazi wayo ngesithsithana samahlamvu amahle, alethe induduzo nobuhle endlini.
