Inhlabathi ye-seeding ingxube yezakhi ze-organic nokungcola kwe-inorganic. Lesi yisisekelo esidingekayo ekuthuthukisweni kohlelo lwezimpande, ukukhula okuvamile kanye nezithelo zesitshalo. Ukukhiqiza kuzoncika ekulungiseleleni inhlabathi efanele izithombo.
Yini inhlabathi enhle yezithombo?
Ungasebenzisa inhlabathi ethengiwe ukuthola izithombo. Kalula, okusheshayo futhi akukho kokuhlupheka. Zonke zenziwe ngesisekelo se-peat. Kepha lapha ungangena enkingeni, ukuthi ukhetha yiphi ingxube? Ukuze ukhethe inhlabathi esezingeni elifanele yezithombo, udinga ukuqonda izakhi noma uthintane nochwepheshe esitolo esikhethekile.
Ukuze ugcine imali futhi ungadumali emiphumeleni, ungalungiselela inhlabathi ngokuzimela. Akunzima njengoba kubonakala. Into esemqoka ukulandela imithetho eyisisekelo nezincomo zenhlabathi elungiselelwe.
Izidingo eziyisisekelo zenhlabathi elungiselelwe
Inhlabathi elungiselelwe kufanele ibe:
- ovundile futhi olinganiselayo;
- ukukhanya, porous, okuxekethile;
- bamba umswakama kahle;
- abe nezinga eliphakathi le-acidity;
- aqukethe i-microflora.
Enhlabathini elungiselelwe akufanele:
- ubumba;
- imbewu yokhula;
- izingxenye zokubola ezisebenzayo;
- amagciwane, izibungu, izibungu;
- izinto ezinobuthi.
Izakhi ze-organic nokungcola kwe -organic
Ukuze uthuthukise ikhwalithi yenhlabathi yezithombo, kusetshenziswa ukungcola okungabili kanye nezinto eziphilayo. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi iyiphi yayo engasetshenziswa nokuthi iyiphi engasebenzi.
Izithako ze-organic
Izakhi ezifanele eziphilayo:
- umlotha wezinkuni;
- i-egghell (eluhlaza, ekhethiwe);
- ukuphakama okuphezulu;
- Peat yesikhashana;
- i-moss sphagnum;
- i-lowland peat (ngemuva kokuqandelwa yiqhwa, isimo sezulu);
- sawdust kwezihlahla ezihlanganayo neziqothulayo;
- ukushisa waphatha Turf umhlaba.
Izinto ezingafanelekile eziphilayo:
- humus;
- ukusikwa okuhle kwanoma yiziphi izinhlobo zezinkuni;
- i-lowland peat ngaphandle kokwelashwa;
- ishidi lomhlaba;
- hay, uthuli lotshani;
- umhlaba we-turf ngaphandle kokutshala;
- Izindlela zazo zonke izinhlobo;
- sawdust ngokhuni olubunjiwe.
Ukungcola kwenhlabathi okungapholi
Ifanele ukusetshenziswa:
- ukugeza phansi, i-quartz nesihlabathi somfula (i-powing baking powder enhle)
- i-perlite (yenyusa ukuthambeka kanye nokuphefumula kwenhlabathi);
- i-hydrogel (igcina izinga lomswakama);
- i-vermiculite (inezakhiwo ze-perlite, iqukethe amanani amancane e-potassium, magnesium, calcium);
- i-polystyrene yomhlaba;
- pumice
- ngobumba olwandisiwe.
Ayifanelekele ukusetshenziswa:
- angahlanzwanga isihlabathi somfula;
- isihlabathi sobumba.
Ungawulungisa kanjani umhlabathi wezithombo wezithombo ngezandla zakho?
Ukulungiselela umhlabathi omuhle kakhulu wezithombo, umhlaba, izinto zokwenziwa kanye nezinto eziphilayo ezivunwe kusuka ekwindla ziyasetshenziswa. Umhlaba wokuthambisa ngokulinganisa wezithombo zesikhathi esizayo ungathathwa kwisiza sakho. Akufanele yomile futhi imanzi kakhulu. Ngemuva kokuba ususe ungqimba olungama-5 cm, unqume umhlaba ngosayizi ongu-15 cm wafaka emabhokisini. Inhlabathi iqeda ukhula, izibungu ezinkulu kanye nezibungu kusulwa kahle. Zonke izigaxa zomhlaba ezitholakalayo 'zithikiwe' ezandleni. Lapho-ke umhlabathi olungiselelwe ubekwa ngaphansi kwegciwane.
Izindlela zokubulala amagciwane
Kunezindlela eziningi zokubulala amagciwane. Zonke zinokuhle nokubi. Izindlela ezisetshenziswa kakhulu:
- iqhwa;
- ukushaya;
- ukucabanga.
Ukuqeda ukhula nezinambuzane ezithile futhi ngasikhathi sinye ungaphenduli inhlabathi ibe yi-substrate engaphili, ungasebenzisa indlela yeqhwa. Kuqukethe ukushintshashintsha okungapheli: umnkantsha - ukuthamba. Amabhokisi omhlaba ayenziwa emakhazeni, avikelekile emvuleni. Kumakhaza ngokuphelele, ngena egumbini elifudumele. Njengoba usakazeke ngesendlalelo esingadluli ku-8 cm, u-moisten ngamanzi. Amabhokisi anomhlabathi afudumele isonto lonke, bese eyawakhipha ayoqandula.
Indlela yokumisa iqine ingxenye yohlobo lwamagciwane futhi ithuthukise inhlabathi, kepha ayibuli konke ukutheleleka (izinhlayiya ze-keel, okulimaza sekwephuzile).
Ukubiwa kwenziwa kangcono enyangeni ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa kwenhlabathi yezithombo. Inhlabathi kumele ihanjiswe ngamanzi okugeza ngamanzi ngesembozo esivalwe okungenani isilinganiselo samahora amathathu. Indlela yokubalwa yenzeka kuhhavini preheated to +40 imizuzu engaba ngu-30. Ukwelashwa okushisa (ukugwinya nokubala) kubulala wonke amagciwane, kanye namagciwane amancane adingekayo. Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, izakhi ezidingekayo ekubuyiselweni kwama-microflora zongezwa emhlabathini.
Ungasusa umuthi wokuhlanza umhlabathi osuvele usuxazululiwe ngesixazululo se-manganese esiphakathi nendawo.
Izakhi zokwelashwa kwangaphambili
Ngokwesakhiwo esihle sesisekelo esingaphansi komhlaba, isihlabathi somfula, sawdust yezihlahla ezi-coniferous ne-deciduous kufanelekile. I-Sawdust conifers ayidingi ukwelashwa kwangaphambili. Kuphela, awukwazi ukusebenzisa i-sawdust egcwele uphethroli. Hlanza isihlabathi ngokwanele futhi ungabi namatshe.
Ukwakheka kwenhlabathi
Ukwakheka kwenhlabathi yezinhlanyelo ngqo kuya ngezidingo zesiko ozokutshala. Isibonelo, ngopelepele, ikhukhamba, u-anyanisi, isitshalo seqanda, ukwakheka kufanelekile: 25% womhlaba, ama-30% Peat, 25% wesihlabathi.
Eklabishi, amaphesenti esihlabathi amukelekile ukwenyukela ku-40%.
Kwotamatisi, ingxenye yezwe ingakhuphuka ifike ku-70%.
Iresiphi ilungele cishe noma yiziphi izithombo: ingxenye eyi-1 yedamu, izingxenye ezi-2 zezinto eziphilayo, izingxenye ezi-2 zomhlaba, ngosizo lomlotha noma kalamula sokwehlisa i-acidity.
Uma kudingekile ukwandisa i-acidity enhlabathini, ufulawa we-dolomite ungasetjenziswa njenge-deoxidant.
Ngesikhathi sokukhula kwe-seedling, kuhle ukusebenzisa amanzi ngomanyolo oxutshwe namaminerali. Kepha ungamisi umhlabathi omningi ngokwezithombo. Konke kufanele kube ngokulinganiswayo.
Thenga noma ulungiselele umhlabathi wakho wezithombo, vele, uthatha isinqumo. Kepha uma ukhetha ukwakheka kwenhlabathi okudingekayo, akudingeki usebenzise imali njalo kuma-substrates wabakhiqizi abaziwa kancane.
