Ukutshala izitshalo nezimbali zasendlini, kufanele wazi iqiniso lokuthi ngezikhathi ezithile zokukhula kwazo kwezitshalo zidinga ukufaka umanyolo ngomanyolo. Ngasikhathi sinye, ungadidanisi umanyolo wezimbali zasengadini kanye nezihlahlana ngomanyolo eziklanyelwe ngokuqondile izinhlobo zasendlini nezinhlobonhlobo.
Umanyolo kukhiqizwa ngezinto ezahlukahlukene:
- uketshezi;
- granular;
- icindezelwe;
- ithebhulethi;
- impuphu.
Izinto ezigayeka kakhulu zohlelo lwezitshalo ezimpande zingumanyolo owuketshezi.
Izinto zomanyolo eziyisisekelo
Umanyolo wezitshalo zasendlini zifaka:
- i-nitrogen, iyona nto enomthelela ekwakhiweni kwezitshalo njalo, uma inganele emhlabathini, khona-ke inqubo yokuqothuka kwamaqabunga iyaqala, umbala wabo ushintshe;
- I-phosphorus ayibalulekile kangako, ukugxila kwayo okuphansi kwehlisa inqubo yokukhulisa imifino, amaqabunga ashintsha umbala wawo ogqamile ukuze ushabalale;
- uma kune potassium encane enhlabathini yebhodwe lezimbali, isitshalo asiqhakaze nakancane noma siphonse ama-inflorescence amancane kakhulu;
- ukubuna kwamahlamvu wezitshalo zasendlini kungadala ukuntuleka kwesibabule;
- uma amahlamvu efa eziqongweni zezitshalo, kanti nomqhele wonke wonke ubukeka ungenampilo, isitshalo asinalo i-calcium eyanele;
- Azikho ezibalulekile futhi ezidingekayo izinto ezifana ne-iron, molybdenum, magnesium, manganese, zethusi ne-boron.
Wonke umanyolo wezimbali zasendlini nezitshalo ezingamagatsha aluhlaza zihlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezimbili - eziphilayo nezimbiwa.
Umanyolo we-organic wezitshalo zasendlini
Izinto eziphilayo zingamanyolo wemvelo, okuthiwa yi-organic compounds yezitshalo noma imvelaphi yezilwane. Lokhu kufaka izinto ezifuywayo zezilwane ezifuywayo, imfucumfucu yezinyoni (amahansi, izinkukhu, amadada, amajuba), izimbotshana zezilwane, izimbotshana zezitshalo.
Kusetshenziswa kumanyolo we-organic ukuthi kukhona zonke izakhamzimba ezidingekayo ezithuthukisa umoya, amanzi kanye nokulinganisela kwemvelo yesimo sezulu, kuthuthukisa kakhulu ukwakheka kwenhlabathi okuhloswe ngayo ukukhula izitshalo zasendlini. Izinto eziphilayo zinhlabathi evundile yokufakwa kumanyolo wamaminerali, zakha izinhlanganisela zamakhemikhali ezahlukahlukene ezisheshisa ukwakhiwa kwama-microorganisms azuzisayo.
Umanyolo wamaminerali wezitshalo zasendlini
Iqembu lamaminerali omquba lifaka:
- Umanyolo we-nitrogen;
- potash;
- Umanyolo we-phosphoric.
Kukhona izinketho ezilula, kepha kukhona ezigxile kakhulu.
Ngamaqembu amaminerali asizayo uma kwenzeka izinto ze-organic zigcwele, inhlabathi esembizeni seluphelile. Le nqubo ivame ukubizwa ngokuthi ukugqoka okuphezulu.
Ukondla okwenziwe ngezihloko ngesikhathi sokukhula kwezitshalo okusebenzayo nangaphambi kokuqhakaza kwezimbali kuphuthumayo kakhulu lapho kudingeka khona ukondliwa okuhlala njalo kwezimbali ezihlotshisayo nezihlobisayo ezinamaqabunga.
Izitshalo kuphela ezinempilo ngokuphelele zivundiswa. Kwenqatshelwe ngokuqinile ukufaka umanyolo izitshalo ngesikhathi sokukhula, izitshalo ezingakakenzi izimpande ngemuva kokutshala emhlabathini.
Phakathi kwamanyolo ahlongozwayo wezimbali zasendlini, ziningi ezingasetshenziswanga enhlabathini, kepha zichithwa emanzini futhi zenzelwe ukufafaza amahlamvu nezimbali ngesibhamu sokufafaza. Isixazululo sifafazwa kusihlwa noma esimweni sezulu esinamafu ngenxa yengozi encishisiwe yokushiswa kwamaqabunga.
Umanyolo ovame kakhulu we-nitrogen ufaka:
- i-ammonia;
- calcium;
- sodium nitrate;
- urea
- ammonium sulfate.
Umanyolo wePhosphoric uhlukaniswe ngama-superphosphates alula futhi aphindeke kabili. Elula liqukethe amaphesenti angaba amashumi amabili phosphorus ekwakhekeni kwawo, kanti uhlobo lwesibili lugcwele isigamu phosphorus.
Kumanyolo we-potash ku-floriculture, izinkuni zomlotha, i-potassium sulfate, ne-potassium nitrate ziyasebenza.
Phakathi kwamanyolo anikezwa abakhiqizi basekhaya, umuntu angathola umanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi, obizwa ngokuthi yindawo yonke, okubandakanya zonke izakhi zamaminerali ngesilinganiso esilinganayo, esisebenzisekayo ekuthuthukiseni kwalesinye isitshalo noma imbali yangaphakathi, okuyizinto zomanyolo ezihamba phambili zezitshalo zasendlini.
Uma izitshalo zangaphakathi zivundiswa ngezinhlobo eziningana zomanyolo, kudingeka wazi ukuqhathanisa kwawo.
Ngezansi umdwebo womanyolo ohlanganiswe engxenyeni eyodwa, ongalimazi isitshalo futhi ongabangeli ukusabela okungalungile kwamakhemikhali.
Umanyolo imithetho yezimbali zezimbali:
- ukweqiwa komanyolo wezitshalo zasendlini nakho kuyingozi, njengoba kunjalo nokushoda;
- izitshalo zithatha umquba kahle kuphela esigabeni esisebenzayo sokukhula nokuqhakaza;
- ebusika, ukugqoka okuphezulu kufanele kube yinto engatheni ngenxa yokukhanya okungaphansi kwemvelo, ngenxa yokuthi ukufakwa kwezakhi zomzimba ngesitshalo kuncishiswa;
- akudingekile ukondla futhi ngesikhathi sultry;
- Isixazululo somanyolo akufanele sivunyelwe ukuwela phezu kwamahlamvu, uma lokhu kunconyelwe emiyalweni yokusetshenziswa;
- kuzimbali ezisencane, ukuvumelana komanyolo kusetshenziswe kube buthakathaka kancane ezicini zabo zokuzalwa kunakulawo asevele egxilile;
- isikhathi ngasinye sokuthuthuka kwezitshalo zidinga ukwethulwa kohlobo oluthile lomanyolo: ekuqaleni, umanyolo we-nitrogen kumele wenziwe isebenze, ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza izimbali nangaphambi kokuba kusetshenziswe izinto ze-phosphoric ne-potassium;
- awukwazi ukufaka umanyolo izitshalo ngaphambi kwesikhathi ngaphandle kokunisela kahle inhlabathi, uma lokhu kungenziwa, ungashisa izimpande zesitshalo.
