Uhlobo lwezinhlahla hhayi ezinkulu kakhulu nezihlahla zeForsythia, noma iForsythia, ilungu lomndeni womnqumo. Ziqhakaza ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo ngezimbali ezinombala ophuzi ophuzi. Lolu hlobo lubhekwa njengoludala kakhulu, oluchaza ukwenzeka kwalo kabanzi. Ngakho-ke, e-East Asia, ungabona ngokushesha izinhlobo ezi-6 ezahlukahlukene zalesi sitshalo (eKorea, eJapan naseChina). Emazweni aseYurophu ungahlangana nohlobo olulodwa kuphela - i-European Forsythia (Forsythia europaea), iningi lezitshalo eziseBalkan. Lesi sitshalo siqanjwa ngo-Scotsman W. Forsyth, owayengudokotela wezitshalo, umlimi ophambili waseKensington Palace, futhi waba ngomunye wabasunguli beRoyal Horticultural Society. Ngokokuqala ngqa, lesi sitshalo savela eChina sesiya emazweni aseYurophu sibonga iForsyth.
Izici ze-Forsythia
I-Forsythia akuyona isihlahla esikhulu noma isihlahla esikhulu kakhulu, ukuphakama kwayo kungahluka ukusuka kumamitha ayi-1. I-brownish-grey bark inezinto ezilukhuni. Ezinhlotsheni ezithile, amapuleti amaqabunga ayisithupha. Kodwa-ke, imvamisa kakhulu zingama-oval, ezilula, ezitholakala ngokuphikisana, ezingenawo ama-stipule, onqenqemeni olugxilisiwe, ngobude zingafinyelela amasentimitha ayi-2-15. Izimbali eziphuziwe ezenziwe ngophuzi zibunjiwe njengensimbi. I-Forsythia blooms ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, enezimbali zezinsuku ezingama-20 (kwezinye izimo isikhathi eside). Izithelo ziyibhokisi elinembewu enamaphiko.
Izici zokulinywa kweForththia
Namuhla, emazweni aseYurophu, izigcawu eziningi, izingadi ezizimele nemigwaqo yedolobha ihlotshiswe nge-forsythia. Kubhekwa njengophawu lokufika kwentwasahlobo. Cabanga ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, lapho yonke into iseyimpunga futhi ingekho emigwaqweni, kuthi lapho ubona amehlo akho ebambe ukukhanya kusengaphambili ngezimbali zayo eziqhakazile. Isici esihlukile salesi shrub ukuqhuma kwaso kuqala kakhulu. Futhi, lesi sitshalo sithole uthando olukhulu lwabalimi ngenxa yokuthi alubeki izidingo ezikhethekile ezimweni zokulima nokunakekelwa. Izici eziphambili zokukhula:
- isitshalo esinjalo sikhula kahle endaweni enamabala amahle, kodwa futhi singatshalwa emthunzini;
- umhlabathi ofanele kufanele ube ngumkhawulo;
- Kunconywa ukutshala umbala omnyama oluhlaza eduze kwama-conifers.
Ekwindla, amahlamvu aluhlaza aguqula umbala wawo ube ngu-violet-onsomi noma wegolide, okwenza lesi sitshalo siphinde sibuye sihlobise kakhulu.
Ukutshala i-Forsythia emhlabathini ovulekile
Isikhathi sokutshala
Ungatshala noma udlulisele i-Forsythe entwasahlobo noma ekuqaleni kokuwa, ngaphambi kokuthi kuqalwe yiqhwa, ngoba lesi sitshalo kumele simile kahle ngaphambi kokuthi kuqandwe iqhwa. Lesi sitshalo sikhula kahle emthunzini, kepha sikhetha indawo enelanga, okumele ivikelwe ezinsini zomoya. Izinga lomhlabathi alinandaba nalesi sitshalo, kodwa lizizwa liba ngcono emhlabathini owomile, one-alkaline omncane. Esimweni lapho umhlaba esizeni unama-acid, khona-ke kunconywa ukufaka umlotha wokhuni ukuze umgodi.
Izici Zokufika
Umgodi wokufika kufanele ube nosayizi wamasentimitha angama-50x50x60, kuyilapho uhlelo lwezimpande zesitshalo esitshaliwe kufanele lube ngokujula kwamamitha angama-0.3 kuya kwangama-0.4 Uma ukutshala amasampula ambalwa ngasikhathi sinye, ibanga okungenani amasentimitha ayi-150 kufanele libonwe phakathi kwawo. Phansi komgodi wokufika okulungiselelwe, kuyadingeka ukubeka ungqimba lwamatshe wedwala elichotshoziwe kanye nezitini eziphukile, ubukhulu bawo okufanele bube ngamasentimitha ayi-15 kuye kwangama-20. Ukusuka phezulu imbozwe ngesihlabathi, ubukhulu bawo okufanele bube ngamasentimitha ayi-10. Emva kwalokho, inhlanganisela yenhlabathi ithululelwa emgodini, enesihlabathi, inhlabathi yamaqabunga kanye ne-peat, ithathwe ngokwesilinganiso se-1: 2: 1, lapho kufanele kufakwe khona i-0,2 kg yomlotha wokhuni. Ngemuva kwalokho isithombo kufanele sibekwe emgodini olungiselelwe, ogcwele inhlabathi futhi uhlanganiswe kahle. I-forsythia etshaliwe kufanele iniselwe kakhulu. Ngesikhathi sokutshala kwentwasahlobo, isithombo sizodinga ukunakekelwa njengesitshalo esidala. Uma ukutshala kwenziwa ekwindla, khona-ke akunandaba ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lwesitshalo esitshalwe, kuyodingeka ukugcwalisa isiyingi sesiqu nge-mulch. Ebusika, isitshalo kumele simbozwe. Kulokhu, impahla esembozekayo kufanele isetshenziswe kuphela evumela ukuthi umoya ungene ukuze izimbali zingaqali ukucula ngesikhathi sezinsimbi ezincane ebusika.
Izici Zokunakekela
IFsysythia kumele inakekelwe ngendlela efanayo nezinye izihlahla ezitshaliwe engadini. Uma lina njalo ehlobo, khona-ke ngeke uze unisele lesi sitshalo. Lokhu kufanele kwenziwe kuphela ngesomiso isikhathi eside i-1 noma ama-2 ngamaviki ama-4, kuyilapho kuthathwa amalitha ayi-10 kuye kwayi-12 esihlahleni esisodwa. Ngemuva kokuthi lesi sitshalo siniselwe, sikhula futhi sikhulule inhlabathi siye ekujuleni kwe-bayonet yefosholo, kuphela ngale ndlela kuzokwazi ukuqinisekisa ukutholakala komoya okujwayelekile ohlelweni lwezimpande. Lapho sekuqediwe ukuthukululwa, isiqu somzimba kufanele sifafazwe ngesendlalelo se-mulch (inhlabathi eyomile noma umquba).
I-Forsythia kufanele idliwe izikhathi ezi-3 phakathi nenkathi. Isikhathi sokuqala udinga ukondla isitshalo ekuqaleni kwesikhathi sentwasahlobo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ungqimba oluwugqinsi oluqinisiwe (olubunjiwe ngempela) lubekwe ngaphezulu kwisangqa sesiqu, qiniseka ukuthi alithinti amagatsha noma isiqu. Ngemuva kwalokho iniselwa ngamanzi amaningi. Umquba ngeke ube ngumanyolo we-organic wesitshalo kuphela, kodwa futhi ube ngumanyolo. Faka umanyolo umanyolo wamaminerali agcwele ((imitha elilodwa lesikwele ukusuka kuma-60 kuye ku-70 amagremu) kufanele ube ngo-Ephreli. Lapho lesi sitshalo siphela nokubekwa kwezimbali zezimbali ngonyaka olandelayo kuqala, kuzodingeka ukusondla ngeKemira universal (ngemitha eyi-skwele ukusuka ku-100 kuya ku-120 amagremu).
Ukusakazeka kwe-Forsythia
Ukuze ukhiqizwe kabusha, izindlela zokukhulisa imifino zivame ukukhethwa. Isibonelo, ukusikwa. Ukuvunwa kwezithelo ezisikiwe kufanele kwenziwe ngoJuni, kanti ubude bazo kufanele bube ngamasentimitha ayi-15. Izimbumbulu kufanele zisuswe emaphepheni amaqabunga akhiwe ngezansi, khona-ke kufanele ziphathwe ngomuthi ovusa ukukhula kwezimpande (i-Epin, Kornevin noma Heteroauxin). Ukufika kwayo kwenziwa endaweni ebamba ukushisa, kuyilapho kusetshenziswa isihlabathi noma i-perlite. Futhi, ukusika okune-lignified okuvunwa ngo-Okthoba kufanelekile ukusatshalaliswa; ngoba ukubekelwa engxenyeni, kutshalwe ngqo enhlabathini evulekile, kuyilapho ama-2 noma ama-3 efihlekile kufanele abe ngaphezulu komphezulu wawo. Ungakhohlwa ukumboza izithombo ngamahlamvu awile ebusika. Entwasahlobo, kuyadingeka ukususa indawo yokukhosela, ngemuva kwalokho izithombo ziyoqala ukukhula ngenkuthalo, futhi ekwindla izobe sezivele izithombo ezigcwele. Ukuzalanisa, ungasebenzisa ukwaba. Ukuze uzithole, udinga ukukhetha isiqu ehlobo noma ekwindla, ukhula eduze kobuso bendawo. Esisekelweni idonswa ngocingo, futhi kufanele kwenziwe i-incion ku-cortex ebusweni obheke phansi. Isiqu sibekwe ngaphezu kwenhlabathi futhi sigcwele inhlabathi yezakhi. Umsuka ubambe isikhathi esifushane. Entwasahlobo, kuyadingeka ukuhlukanisa ukwakheka kwesitshalo somzali, futhi ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyi-12 kuphela kuzoqala ukuqhakaza.
Ungakhula ubone kusengaphambili kusuka ezinhlanyelweni, kodwa kuphela ongoti abaphendukela kule ndlela yokuzala kabusha.
I-Forsythia Trimming
Amakati amancanyana adinga ukusikwa kokuhlanzeka kuphela, lapho wonke omile, olimele futhi olinyazwe khona yi-frost stems. Uma i-Forsythia ingumuntu omdala, khona-ke entwasahlobo kuphela amathiphu aqandisiwe wamagatsha anqunywa. Ukuchetywa okuyinhloko kwenziwa ehlobo, lapho isihlahla sibuna. Lawo magatsha aqhakaze kufanele asikwe engxenyeni eyi-½, kuyilapho omisiwe futhi amadala kufanele asikwe ekuphakameni okungamamitha angama-40 kuye kwangama-60 ukusuka ngaphezulu kwenhlabathi, uma kunjalo amahlumela asemaceleni amancanyana avela kuwo. Usebenzisa ukuthenwa, ungalawula ukuphakama, nobukhulu kanye nomumo womqhele, ongabanzi noma owenziwe inkomishi. Esimweni lapho isihlahla esidala sidinga ukugalelwa okuvuselelayo, khona-ke wonke amagatsha awo kufanele asikwe aze afike ku-4 kuya ku-6 amasentimitha noma ancishiswe ngo-2/3, ngenxa yalokhu amahlumela amasha azoqala ukukhula ngamandla. Kodwa-ke, kwesinye isikhathi akunakwenzeka ukwenza izihlahla zokulwa nokuguga, ngoba lokhu kusengaphambili kuzokhula kakhulu, kepha ukuqhakaza izimbali ngokuphelele. Njengomthetho, ukugunda izinwele okuvuselelayo kunconywa ukuba kwenziwe isikhathi esingu-1 eminyakeni emi-3 noma emi-4.
Izifo nezinambuzane
Lesi sitshalo simelana kakhulu nezifo nezinambuzane. Ezimweni ezingavamile, isihlahla singathinteka yi-moniliosis, wilting noma bacteriosis. Isihlahla esingenwe yi-wilting kufanele siphathwe ngesisombululo se-foundationazole (2-5%). Uma i-Forsythia yahlaselwa yi-bacteriosis, khona-ke kuleli cala kuzodingeka ukuthi limbiwe lishiswe. Uma amabala ansundu asakheke ngaphezulu kwamaqabunga amaqabunga, lokhu kusho ukuthi lesi sitshalo sihlushwa yi-moniliosis. Kulokhu, kunconywa ukuthi zonke izingxenye ezithintekile zesitshalo zisikwe zihlanzwe kahle kuthosi olunempilo. Futhi, isihlahla sinokuhlushwa ama-nematode, kulokhu, gxilisa inhlabathi ngeCarbation.
I-Forsythia ngemuva kokuqhakaza
Ukuze i-Forsythia ingabandi ebusika, kufanele imbozwe. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukufafaza umbuthano we-trunk ngamahlamvu awile, kuyilapho ubukhulu bengqimba kufanele bube ngamasentimitha ayi-10. Amagatsha agobile enhlabathini futhi amiswe kulesi sikhundla, khona-ke isihlahla simbozwe ngamagatsha e-spruce. Ekuqaleni kwenkathi yentwasahlobo, indawo yokukhosela kufanele isuswe futhi amagatsha akhululwe, ngenkathi amaqabunga awile kufanele asuswe esiqwini. Uma izihlahla zisencane, khona-ke zimbozwe ngokuphelele ngamagatsha fir ebusika. Uma kuneqhwa eliningi ebusika, khona-ke iForsythia ingakwenza ngaphandle kokukhosela, noma kunjalo, akekho ongabikezela ukubikezela kobusika bonke ngokunembile.
Izinhlobo ze-Forsythia nezinhlobonhlobo ezinezithombe namagama
I-Forsythia Europa (i-Forsythia europaea)
Lolu hlobo lithandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabalimi abahlala maphakathi nethambeka. Ekuphakameni, i-shrub ekhula ngokuqondile enjalo ingafinyelela amasentimitha angama-200. Amapuleti enqabunga elilodwa aqabile futhi angamasentimitha ayi-7 ubude. Umbala wezimbali ezizimele zodwa lensimbi ngiphuzi-golide.
I-Forsythia Giraldiana
Le nhlobo ifana kakhulu ne-forsythia yaseYurophu, kepha ayimelani neqhwa kakhulu. Ekuphakameni, isihlahla singafinyelela namasentimitha angama-200. Cishe zonke amahlumela ziqonde, kepha zinombala onsundu-nsundu futhi ziyi-tetrahedral. Amapuleti eqabunga aluhlaza omnyama afinyelela ubude bamasentimitha ayi-10. Izimbali zibonwa ngoMeyi. Izimbali ezinkulu ezinhle eziphuzi eziphuzi zinezinsimbi ezisontekile.
I-Forsythia ilenga noma idonsa noma i-drooping (i-Forsythia suspensa)
Lesi sihlahla esinomqhele osakazekayo ukuphakama singafinyelela amasentimitha angama-300. Amagatsha ama-Thin tetrahedral arched drooping anombala we-olive noma onsundu ngokubomvu. Kuma-stems amadala, amapuleti amaqabunga alula, kuyilapho iziqu zokukhula zinama kathathu. Izimbali ezinkulu ezinobukhulu obuyi-25 mm (i-25 mm) ziqoqeka izingcezwana eziningana kumaqhubu. Kutshalwa izindlela eziningana:
- UMotley (i-forsythia Varigata). Umbala wezimbali uphuzi ophuzi. Amapuleti amaqabunga aphuzi, ahlanganisiwe.
- Inhlanhla (forsythia fortunei). Izimbali zombala ophuzi omnyama ziqoqwa emabuntshini. Amapuleti amaqabunga angenhla ayisithupha.
- Isiqu sombala (forsythia artocaulis). Iziqu zibomvu mnyama. Ngesikhathi sokuvula, amapuleti eshidi apendiwe ngombala ofanayo.
- Ezinye izindlela: I-Forsythia yeZimbold, i-Forsythia ekhohlisayo, i-Forsythia ilenga i-Fortune.
I-Forsythia Dark Green (i-Forsythia viridissima)
Ukuphakama kwesihlahla akudluli amasentimitha ayi-300. Amagatsha awo aluhlaza aqondiswa phezulu. Amapuleti amaqabunga akhula ngokuqinile akhula ngesimo se-lanceolate-oblong, ingxenye engenhla yawo ifakwe insimbi. Zipendiwe ngombala oluhlaza okotshani, zifinyelele kubude bamasentimitha ayi-15, nobubanzi amasentimitha amane. Izixhaxana ezincane zinezimbali ezifakwe ngombala ocebile ophuzi oluhlaza. Iyamelana nesomiso.
I-Forsythia Lesisemkhatsini (i-Forsythia x intermedia)
Le hybrid yadalwa ngokuwela i-forsythia eluhlaza okotshani kanye ne-forsythia drooping. Ekuphakameni, ingafinyelela amasentimitha angama-300. Isihlahla siqala ukuqhakaza kuphela ngemuva kokuba eneminyaka engu-4 ubudala. Amapuleti amaqabunga, njengomthetho, agcwele ngomkhawulo we-serated, kepha kukhona futhi amanye amathathu, ngobude afinyelela amasentimitha ayi-10. Zipendiwe ngombala oluhlaza okotshani, kuyilapho umbala wazo uhlala ungashintshiwe kuze kube sekwindla. Umbala wezimbali uphuzi ophuzi, baqoqwa ngoxhaxha bezicucu eziningana. Izimbali zibonwa ngo-Ephreli noMeyi. Lesi sihlahla sikhula ngokushesha, siyamelana neqhwa nesomiso. Izinhlobo:
- Beatrix Farrand. I-Shrub ukuphakama ifinyelela amasentimitha angama-400. Izimbali eziphuziwe eziphuziweyo zinohlobo lombala onsomi omnyama ezansi.
- Denziflora. Ukuphakama nobubanzi besihlahla kungamasentimitha ayi-150. Izimbali ezisontekile ngophuzi okhanyayo. Izimbali zibonwa ngoMeyi, futhi zihlala izinsuku eziyi-15 ukuya kwezi-20. Ayibekezeleli isithwathwa.
- I-Spectabilis. Le nhlobonhlobo iphakathi kokuhle kakhulu. Ukuphakama kwesihlahla cishe ngamasentimitha ayikhulu, futhi ububanzi bawo bungamasentimitha ayi-120. Ngenkathi efudumele, amapuleti amaqabunga anombala oluhlaza okotshani, lapho ekwindla eshintsha abe ophuzi nophuzi. Ububanzi bezimbali eziphuzi ezimnyama cishe buyi-45 mm; ukuqhakaza kuqala ezinsukwini zokugcina zika-Ephreli.
I-Forsythia iqhwa noma imhlophe (i-Forsythia abeliophyllum)
Ukuphakama kwesihlahla kungahluka kusuka kumasentimitha ayi-150 kuye kwangama-200. Ubude bamaqabunga amaqabunga e-oval cishe ngamasentimitha ayi-8, indawo engemuva yabo ehlobo iba nsomi. Izimbali zimhlophe futhi zine-pharynx ephuzi. Umbala we efihlekile pink.
I-Forsythia ovata
Ukuphakama kwesihlahla kungahluka kusuka kumasentimitha ayi-150 kuye kwangama-200. Amagatsha okusabalalisa anombala ophuzi-grey. Ubude bamapuleti amaqabunga acishe abe amasentimitha ayi-7; ehlobo badwetshwa ngombala oluhlaza ojulile, abathi ekwindla bashintshe babe nsomi. Ububanzi bezimbali ezizodwa zingaba ngu-20 mm; umbala wabo uphuzi ophuzi. Lolu hlobo luqala ukuqhakaza ngaphambi kwabanye. Ikhula ngokushesha futhi imelana nesithwathwa nesomiso. Izinhlobo ezaziwa kakhulu yilezi:
- Udumo lwentwasahlobo. Ukuphakama kwesihlahla cishe ngamasentimitha angama-300. Amaqabunga amaqabunga aluhlaza ehlobo, kuthi ekwindla abe ngumbala onsundu (kusuka onsomi omnyama kuya ophuzi okhanyayo). Ukuqhakaza ngezimbali okusobala kwenzeka ngoMeyi. Izimbali ezinkulu zinombala ophuzi ophuzi.
- ITetrahold. Ukuphakama kwesihlahla cishe ngamasentimitha ayikhulu. Ububanzi bezimbali eziphuzi ezimnyama cishe buyi-30 mm. Izimbali ziqala engxenyeni yesibili ka-Ephreli.
- IGoldsauber. Le nhlobonhlobo ibaluleke kakhulu futhi iyathandwa. Izimbali ezinkulu zinombala ophuzi-golide. Ukumelana neqhwa. Izimbali ziqala engxenyeni yesibili ka-Ephreli futhi zihlala cishe izinsuku ezingama-20.
