Ama-turkeys agcinwe abafuduki abavela eMhlabeni Omdala asephenduke uhlobo lwesibonakaliso se-USA neCanada, kepha kwaphela amakhulu amaningi eminyaka izinkukhu ezinkulu zikhuliswa emhlabeni jikelele. Esikhathini esidlule, izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zama-turkeys zatholakala, isithombe kanye nencazelo yazo ezizosiza abalimi bezinkukhu be-novice ukuba benze ukukhetha nokuhlomula kohlobo oluthile lwenkompolo yabo.
Ekhulwini lokugcina, izinkukhu zadonsela ukunakekela kwabakhiqizi benyama abakhulu. Kwakungalesi sikhathi lapho umsebenzi ohlelekile waqala ukususwa kwama-turkeys asindayo abanzi nama-broiler, lapho ngesikhathi sokuhlaba esekhule waba isisindo esirekhodi sama-25-30 kg.
Izinhlobo zohlobo lwanamuhla azifani ngokubukeka nangombala weplamu kuphela, kepha futhi:
- isikhathi sokuthola isisindo sokuphila esifanelekile sokuhlatshwa;
- isisindo somzimba kanye nesilinganiso saso ngenani le nyama etholakele;
- ukukhiqizwa kweqanda.
Izinhlobo zama-turkeys zokuzalela ekhaya zivumelaniswa kahle namadlelo. Inyoni enjalo iqine, yakha ngokushesha isisindo, ayikhethi uma ukhetha ama-feed.
Ama-brake turkeys
Uhlobo lwemidala lwe-turkey oludala, olwaziwa kahle ngabalimi bezinkukhu, lathola igama laso ngenxa yemibala yakhona. I-plumage yangemuva ibukeka ngempela ibubomvu, ibubhedu. Ngasikhathi sinye, emadodeni amakhulu akhanyayo, ingxenye yesithathu ephezulu yes sternum nentamo ipendiwe kucishe kwaba mnyama, ngokufanayo, kuphela ngomucu wethusi wensimbi ngemuva. Imichilo emnyama kanye nebomvu ihlobisa izimpaphe emsileni. Imicu emhlophe ehlukanisayo iyabonakala okhalweni nasemaphikweni enkonjana yethusi. Ukuqhakaza ekhanda lenyoni nakuma-corals kubomvu ngokugqamile ngokushintsha kusuka kumhlophe noma oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Umbala wezinsikazi unesizotha xaxa, kepha ungayibona le nyoni ngokugoba okumhlophe okwezimpaphe zamaphiko, esifubeni nangemuva, i-silhouette ebukekayo kakhulu kune-turkey turkey yowesilisa nokungabikho kobucwebecwebe ekhanda.
Isisindo esijwayelekile se-turkey singama-18 kg, kanti i-turkey ingu-11 kg. Owesifazane angazalela amaqanda afinyelela ku-100 ngonyaka.
Izinyoni ziyakwazi ukubekezelela ukugcina ngaphandle ngisho nasezimweni sezulu ezifudumele. ECanada, maphakathi nekhulu leminyaka elidlule, izinhlobo zalo siqu zamathenisi ethusi zazaliswa ngokukhuthazela kwamarekhodi, isisindo esihle nokukhiqizwa kwamaqanda aphezulu. Ngeshwa, namuhla lokhu kuzalaniswa kwecuba laseCanada kucishe kwaphela emhlabeni. Ngokusho kokubalwa kwezinyoni, ngonyaka we-2013 kwakukhona ama-hegree angama-225 ezweni lonke. Namuhla, kwenziwa umkhankaso wokuzala kabusha imfuyo yangaphambili nokulondolozwa kokuzalela.
Izinhlobo zezinyoni zethusi ezifuywayo e-USA, njengezaseCanada, zazivela ezinhlafunweni zasendle zasendle. Kepha namuhla cishe asisetshenziswa, okwenza kube yimigqa yenkukhu eminingi eminingi.
I-Bronze Broad Breasted Turkeys
Ukulandelwa kwe-turkeys ye-bronze kwakunguhlobo oluthile lwe-bronze tur-tured turkey, ngaphandle kwangaphandle kufana nokhokho bayo, kepha kukhulu esifubeni somzimba. Isisindo esijwayelekile se-turkey singama-16 kg, kuthi owesimame angama-9 kg. I-turkey, enesisindo esingu-35 kg, ithathwa njengeqhawe lomqhudelwano.
Ngeshwa, lokhu kuzalaniswa kwama-turkeys akuyona eyokuzalela ekhaya. Isizathu salokhu ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda okuphansi, kungamaqanda angama-50-60 kuphela ngonyaka nokungakwazi ukuhamba ngaphandle. Kepha inyoni ivumelana kalula nokuqukethwe ezindlini zezinkukhu zezimboni.
Namuhla, le nhlobonhlobo yama-turkeys ama-bronze asetshenziswa ekuzaleni futhi ikhula ngaphansi kwezimo zokufuya inkukhu kakhulu.
North Caucasian Bronze Turkeys
Yazalwa ngo-1946 e-USSR, uhlobo lwama-turkeys ekhaya lukhuliswa kuze kube namuhla. Okhokho benyoni bebengabamele izinhlobo zasendaweni zikakhukhunathi kanye nabakhiqizi bama-turkeys abanzi, amabele. Abantu abakhulu abavumelana nezimo ezahlukahlukene zokuboshwa bayakhanga ngosayizi.
Owesilisa osemdala ukhula aze afike ku-14 kg. Futhi izinsikazi zivame ukululama. AmaTurkeys ashesha kahle futhi anikeze inzalo eqinile.
Ama-turkeys ethusi eMoscow
Ukusuka kumafulethi ethusi abanzi esifubeni nangezinyoni zasendaweni, kwatholakala olunye uhlobo lwasekhaya - lohlobo lwe-bronze turkey lwaseMoscow. Njengokulandelayo kwencazelo nesithombe sohlobo, ama-turkeys alezi zinhlobo anesifuba esibanzi nomzimba omude. Izinyoni ziyaqina, zizizwa zizinhle emadlelweni, okuvumela ukugcina ama-turkeys hhayi ezindlini ezinkulu zezinkukhu, kepha nasemapulazini azimele.
Abesilisa balolu hlobo lwama-turkeys okuzalela ekhaya bafinyelela isisindo esingu-19 kg. Ama-turkeys mancane, isisindo sawo esikhulu yi-10 kg.
Ama-turkeys amhlophe abanzi webele
Maphakathi nekhulu leminyaka eledlule, e-USA, abafuyi bezilwane abazalisayo abazalisayo bathola izimbotshana zama-turkey, namuhla ezinesikhundla sobuholi obungenakuphikwa emhlabeni wonke. Ama-turkeys amhlophe abanzi webele angumphumela wokunqamula kokuzalela okuthandwayo kwama-turkeys amhlophe amaDashi kanye ne-American bronze yethusi ebanzi namuhla.
Isizathu sokusakazeka kabanzi kwezinkukhu bekungukunemba kwaso, isivuno esikhulu senyama ebalulekile yokudla, sifinyelela ku-80% ngesisindo sesidumbu. Uma kuqhathaniswa nama-turkeys ethusi, izinsikazi ezimhlophe zezinyoni ziletha amaqanda amaningi, ukusuka ezingcezwini ezi-100 kuye kwezingama-120 ngonyaka.
Ama-turiler turkeys alolu hlobo lokuzalela anomzimba ovalayo onesifuba esikhulu esigoqekile futhi sigcwele umhlane obanzi. Le nyoni inezinwele kahle futhi ihlangabezana negama layo ngokuphelele. Akukho zimpaphe ezimnyama emzimbeni, ngaphandle kwesigaxa esincane ku-sternum. Imilenze epinki, ehlukaniswe kabanzi yinde, iqinile. Amapayipi aminyene, amhlophe, esifubeni kukhona inqwaba yezimpaphe emnyama.
Ama-turkeys amhlophe abanzi webele ngokuzalanisa anika imigqa emithathu:
- Umugqa osindayo futhi weqa kuwo ungama-turkeys anesisindo esingama-25 kg nama-turkeys aze afike ku-11 kg.
- Umugqa ophakathi - abesilisa ukuya ku-15 nabesifazane kuya ku-7 kg.
- Abantu abakhanyayo neziphambano ezivela kubo yizo ezinengqondo kakhulu futhi zincane. Ama-Turkeys anesisindo esingama-8 kg, kuthi izinsikazi zikhule zibe ngu-5 kg.
Izinombolo zokuqoshwa azikwazanga ukwehluleka ukukhiqiza abakhiqizi bezinkukhu nabathandi bezinkukhu ezizimele. Ama-turkeys amhlophe abanzi amhlophe baba ngabasunguli bezindlela eziningi ezithokozisayo, ezikhiqiza kakhulu neziphambano ezifuywe emhlabeni wonke.
I-North Caucasian White Turkeys
Kusukela ekunqamukeni kwama-turkeys ethusi nezinyoni zohlobo olumhlophe olubanzi esifubeni, kwatholakala izinhlobo ezifuywayo zama-broiler turkeys - ithokheni emhlophe yaseNyakatho neCaucasian.
Ukuzalela kuhlukaniswa ngokukhuthazela, ukutholwa kwesisindo okusheshayo nokukhiqizwa kwamaqanda okuhle kakhulu, okungabhekwa njengerekhodi. I-turkey endala ngonyaka ingakhiqiza izingcezu ezingama-180 zamaqanda angama-80 gram.
Yakhelwe ukufuya ekhaya, lo mzala utholakala emadlelo ngaphandle kwezinkinga futhi usebenzisa okuphakelayo okungabizi kakhulu.
Izithombe nencazelo ye-BIG 6 turkeys
IBritish United Turkeys (BUT) iBig 6 yisiphambano esindayo, esikhiqizayo esikhulukazi sombala omhlophe obanzi osetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza inyama yenkukhu. Umugqa we-hybrid wamukelwa abafuyi baseBrithani nabaseCanada. Ngenxa yemiphumela emihle kakhulu yokuzalanisa kwendawo, incazelo nezithombe zama-turkeys, ukuzalaniswa kwanda emazweni amaningi emhlabeni jikelele ngesikhathi esifushane.
Njengoba kubonakala esithombeni, ama-BIG 6 turkeys ayizinyoni ezimhlophe ezinamandla lapho:
- intamo ende ende;
- isifuba esiyindilinga sigcwalisiwe, kubantu abakhuluphele, kufinyelela kokuthathu kwesisindo sesidumbu;
- ngqo emuva;
- imilenze eqondile ephakeme ngombala ophuzi;
- iplamu imhlophe nendawo encane emnyama esifubeni.
Amakhanda ama-turiler turkeys ahlotshiswe ngamakhorali abomvu kanye nokukhula okuphelele, okufika ku-15 cm.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo, ama-turkey ase-BIG 6 athola isisindo ngenkuthalo. Ngezinyanga ezinhlanu, i-pizza ingaba nesisindo esingafika ku-12 kg. Kepha lezi akuzona izindinganiso ezibekelwe umkhawulo. Isisindo se-turkey esindayo esindayo ngesikhathi sokuhlatshwa singafinyelela ku-25-30 kg ngesivuno esiphezulu senyama yokudla esezingeni eliphezulu.
