Imikhiqizo yezinto eziphilayo isiza ukwenza ngcono ukwakheka nokukhula kwezitshalo, ikhuphula amandla ayo, ethuthukisa ukungazweli. Lo mbhalo uzokhuluma ngezidakamizwa ezisebenza ngqo kuma-pathogens wezifo ezahlukahlukene zezitshalo. Le mishanguzo isuselwa kumagciwane, amagciwane kanye nesikhunta esiphikisayo esingamisa ukukhula kwamagciwane ayingozi. Inzuzo yale mithi ukuthi ayinangozi kubantu nakwizilwane ezifuywayo.
Yize le mishanguzo iphephile, namanje, ngemuva kokusebenzisa kwayo, kungakuhle ukuphatha inhlabathi ngezisombululo ze-EM ezenziwe ekhaya noma ezithengiwe, njengeBaikal, Vostok, Shine, njll. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukubuyisela ama-microflora enhlabathini.
I-Fungicidal (izidakamizwa zokuvimbela kanye nokwelashwa kwezifo) i-biologics izosiza ukwelashwa kokuvimbela noma imise ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo ezahlukahlukene zezitshalo.
Izinhlobo zemikhiqizo yemvelo yokuvikela isitshalo
I-Trichodermin (Glyocladin)
Ukwakheka nokusetshenziswa.Isisekelo somuthi amavithamini we-fungus Trickoderma Lignorum. Lesi sidakamizwa singasetshenziswa ukwelapha imbewu ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela. Iqoqo lesidakamizwa liyi-2%, kuthi lapho ulungiselela ukutshala imbewu, kufakwa isisombululo emithonjeni, kuze kufike ku-4 ml ngesitshalo ngasinye. Ezinsukwini zokuqala zesonto lesithathu, baphathwa ngesisombululo esingu-1%, kuyo yonke inkathi yesizini.
Isenzo.Ukwehlulwa kwemifino ehlukahlukene ngezifo ezinjenge-white, eyomile, grey ne-rot rot, i-helminthosporosis, i-blight sekwephuzile, i-powdery yangempela ne-real powdery, njll. Kulokhu, umuthi ubandakanyeka ekonakalisweni kwenhlabathi, ngenkathi uyithuthukisa, uyicebisa ngezinto eziwusizo. Lokhu, kuholela ekukhuthazeni ukukhula kwesitshalo, ngenkathi kukhulisa ukumelana kwazo nezifo. Lapho usebenzisa lesi sidakamizwa, ukukhiqizwa kwamakhukhamba, utamatisi, upelepele nezinye izilimo zasengadini kuyanda.
I-Planriz (Rizoplan)
Ukwakheka nokusetshenziswa.Umuthi ufaka namagciwane ahlala enhlabathini yengqimba ekhethekile yePseudomonas fluorecsens. Ihloselwe ukwelashwa kwe-prophylactic kwezitshalo ngesisombululo se-0.5% ekuqaleni maviki onke. Isetshenziselwa ukuvikela imbewu ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela isisombululo esingu-1% (ngosuku olulodwa) noma ngokufaka u-0.5 ml emthonjeni ngamunye ngesikhathi sokutshala.
Isenzo.Inempahla yokumisa ukuthuthukiswa kwama-bacterial fungal noma ama-bacterium, ezinjengezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokubola noma i-powdery hlobo, i-bacteriosis, i-septoria, i-brown rust, njll. Inikeza umfutho ekuthuthukisweni kwezilimo zemifino kanye nezithelo, kanye nokukhula kwazo, kuqeda imiphumela yokwephulwa kwe-multipole.
IPentaphage C
Ukwakheka nokusetshenziswa.Ukwakheka kwalesi sidakamizwa kufaka izinhlayiya zegciwane ezigcwele zonke ezinezakhi zamagciwane ezinhlanu zamagciwane. Uhlobo lwalezi zinhlobo zemvelo zingumthombo wamakhemikhali wemvelo (i-BAS), kanye nezinto ezingamaphiko we-causative wesifo esibizwa ngokuthi umdlavuza webacteria. Isetjenziswa ngokuya ngeresiphi ngokuya ngohlobo oluthile lomonakalo esitshalweni kanye nokwepathogen ethile.
Isenzo.Ukusetshenziswa kwomuthi kunciphisa amathuba okuba nomdlavuza webacteria ezihlahleni zezithelo, amabala angular, amabala agqunywe ngezithelo. Umkhiqizo uyasebenza uma wehlulwa nge-Powdery isikhutha noma ibala, kanye ne-pock kanye nokubona kwamagciwane. Lokhu kukhulisa ikhwalithi yesitshalo nenani laso.
I-Phytolavin
Ukwakheka nokusetshenziswa.I-Phytobacteriomycin iyisisekelo sezinto ezisebenzayo. Lokhu kuyinhlanganisela yezidambisigciwane - i-streptotricin ehlukaniswe isikhunta. Kusetshenziswa kokubili emhlabathini ovulekile nasemagumbini okugcina izithombo. Ukuqondisisa kukhethiwe kususelwa kuhlobo oluthile lwesifo kanye nohlobo oluthile lwesitshalo.
Isenzo.Isenzo somuthi sikhonjiswa kumonakalo wesitshalo ngezifo zokukhunta kanye nasezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane ezifana nesibazi noma ukubola noma i-fusarium, i-anthracnose, kanye nomdlavuza wamagciwane, njll. Insimu yaso yesicelo ifinyelela ekuvikelweni kwezitshalo zemifino nezihlahla, kanye nezihlahlana ezahlukahlukene.
I-Farmayod
Ukwakheka nokusetshenziswa.Umuthi ususelwa ku-iodine. Yakhelwe ukufafaza izitshalo ezahlukahlukene. Kumalitha ayi-10 amanzi, kuthathwa isipuni esisodwa bese kuvuselelwa.
Isenzo.Inomphumela onamandla wokulwa nezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zamagciwane, amagciwane kanye nama-phytopathogenic virus. Ngokunyuka kokuhlushwa, kungamisa ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo zokukhunta. Ipulazi lezidakamizwa lingahlola izihlahla, izihlahlana ezahlukahlukene, ama roses nezitshalo zasengadini. Isetshenziswa kabanzi ukuvikela utamatisi ekulimaleni kukagwayi, i-necrosis enjenge-inhliziyo, kanye nokuvikela ithanga nokuvikela ukhukhamba.
I-Fitosporin M
Ukwakheka nokusetshenziswa.I-Bacillus subtilis 26D - iyona nto esemqoka esebenzayo. Izitshalo zifafazwa ngalo muthi. Ziphinde zinisele izitshalo. Ngaphambi kokutshala imbewu, nezilimo eziyizigaxa, ukusikwa, zingafakwa emanzini lapho kulungiswa. Ngaphambi kokutshala izitshalo ezahlukahlukene nalesi sidakamizwa, kungakuhle ukuthi uphathe inhlabathi nomquba. Indlela yokusebenzisa ikhonjiswe kwimiyalo.
Isenzo.I-Fitosporin iyakwazi ukumisa ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo eziningi zama fungal kanye namagciwane. Zihlobo sekwephuzile noma ziyagunda, uqweqwe ne-fusarium, ukugqwala okuhlukahlukene nokubola oku brown, uthuli smut, alternaria kanye septoria, njll.
I-Gamair (bacterium)
Ukwakheka nokusetshenziswa.Kusetshenziswa isixazululo salo muthi lapho ufafaza noma uthambisa izitshalo. Ukwengeza umphumela, i-1 ml yensipho ewuketshezi kufanele ifakwe kusisombululo.
Isenzo. Kuyisidakamizwa esisebenzayo. Isetshenziselwa ukulwa nezifo zezitshalo ezifana nokubola okuhlukahlukene, umhlaza kanye nomdlavuza wamagciwane, ukulimala sekwephuzile, i-fusariosis, i-necrosis kanye nokushiswa kwamagciwane, njll.
I-Alirin B (i-Bio-fungicide)
Ukwakheka nokusetshenziswa.Ukwakheka kwalesi sidakamizwa kufaka i-VI3R-10, i-titer 109 CFU / g. Ungathola ukupakishwa ngamathebhulethi, nokufakwa ngefulawa. Kusetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokunisela (lokhu, amaphilisi ama-2 ehlanjululwe kumalitha ayi-10 amanzi). Kuyalulekwa ukuthi ungeze i-1 ml yesepha le-liquid ukuze uthole umphumela omkhulu.
Isenzo.Ngokusebenzayo ezifweni zokukhunta nezinhlobonhlobo zazo, zivimbela ukukhula kwazo. Lezi kungaba yilezi zifo ezilandelayo: ukulimala sekwephuzile, i-alternariosis, i-rhizoctonysis, ukubola okuhlukahlukene, i-scab ne-cercosporosis nabanye abaningi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inomphumela onenzuzo ekukhiqizeni, ikhulisa ikhwalithi yezithelo, ngenkathi inciphisa izinga lama-nitrate. Ifaka amandla emiphumela yamakhemikhali ahlukahlukene ayesetshenziswa enqubeni yokukhula izilimo ezahlukahlukene.
Lawa abizwa ngokuthi amacebo wesenzo se-fungicidal abaluleke kakhulu aklanyelwe ukulwa nezifo ezahlukahlukene. Kanye nawo, iHaupsin ingaphawulwa, ekwazi ukuvikela izitshalo ezinambuzaneni nasezifo ezahlukahlukene. Umuthi oyinhloko osebenza ngemithi umuthi wamagciwane ongoweqembu le-Pseudomonas aureofaciens IMB2637. Umuthi uguqulwa ukuze uvimbele ukukhula kwezifo zokukhunta nezinhlobonhlobo zazo, futhi uvikele nezihlahla zezithelo, izihlahla ezinambuzaneni.
