Ungawumboza kanjani amagilebhisi ebusika?

Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, amagilebhisi ahambisana nomuntu, aqeda ukoma, ahlekise umphefumulo futhi aphulukise nomzimba. Ngokuphumelela kweqa, umvini uyatshalwa naseRussia, kusukela ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-16. Impumelelo yayidlula ngoba ebusika obebuneqhwa ngokweqile, ibigcina ngempumelelo uhlelo lwezimpande (ngaphansi kweqhwa) kusuka emazingeni okushisa aphezulu angenasisekelo, entwasahlobo yakha isisindo sendiza nesitshalo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kwavela umbono wokuthi ngenxa yezimo zezinhlobo zamagilebhisi zaseRussia ezinezakhiwo ezikhethekile ziyadingeka: ukumelana okwandisiwe kohlelo lwezimpande kuya emazingeni okushisa angalungile kanye nokwanda okwandayo kwemivini kuya esiqandisini ebusika.

Izinhlobo ezifuyelwe izifunda eziphakathi nendawo ezisenyakatho neRussia zifake isandla ekuqhubekeni kwayo eNyakatho, futhi namuhla amagilebhisi enza isivuno esihle e-Urals nasezifundeni ezisenyakatho. Kepha inkumbulo yofuzo yamagilebhisi mayelana nesikhathi esedlule isadinga izimo zokukhula eduze kwezimo lapho kwavela khona i-viticulture: inani elifanele lokushisa okushisa, ukukhanyisa okwanele nendawo yokukhosela kusuka ekwindla sekwedlule nobusika obubandayo. Izinguquko zokushisa ngokuvamile zibangela ukufa komvini ongavuthiwe kanye nezithombo ezincane. Ukuze ugweme ukulahleka, kuyadingeka ukumboza isivini ebusika, ikakhulukazi izinhlobo zetafula, futhi udinga ukukwenza kahle lokhu.

Amagilebhisi ebusika.

Ukulungisa amagilebhisi ebusika obubandayo

Abatshali bamagilebhisi abanokuhlangenwe nakho kwempi yabo yasendlini banoluhlu lonke lwamadivayisi wokumboza ubusika: i-spunbond, umgqekezi, amakethi, utshani, amanetha

Ngokuya esifundeni sokutshala, isikhathi sezulu esibandayo, isembozo seqhwa, izindlela zentwasahlobo nezekwindla, ukubeka izivini ezifuyweni zasehlobo nasezindaweni ezihlanganayo zisebenzisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zokukhosela.

Ukulungiswa kwezihlahla zamagilebhisi zokukhosela indawo yokukhosela

Amagilebhisi kufanele alungiselelwe indawo yokukhosela. Ngaphandle kwalokho, izinduku zingaluma izimpande kanye nomvini, isikhunta kanye nezinye izifo zesikhunta kuzovela ngemivimbobo embozwe ngokungafanele, amehlo azokufa, njll. Ukulungiselela kahle izihlahla zokubandela ubusika, kufanele wenze lo msebenzi olandelayo wokulungiselela:

• Nge ekwindla owomile, nisela izihlahla zamagilebhisi kakhulu.
• NgoSepthemba, izihlahla zamagilebhisi zondliwa ngomanyolo we-potash noma we-phosphorus-potash.
• Ngemuva kokuwa kwamaqabunga, ithena umvini ongavuthiwe. Luhlaza okotshani noma ngombala oluhlaza okotshani. Umvini ongavuthiwe uhlala ugeleza ebusika.
• Ngaphezu kokuthenwa kokuhlanzeka kwamahlumela womvini ongavuthiwe, yakha umthwalo, ushiye ama-buds ayi-2 ngaphezulu kwesilinganiso sokulawulwa kwentwasahlobo.
• Ukucubungula izihlahla zamagilebhisi ngesixazululo se-3% sethusi noma i-iron sulfate, izixazululo zezinye izidakamizwa zezifo nezinambuzane.
• Lungiselela ukukhosela ingxenye esemoyeni yezihlahla zomvini. Khipha ocingweni, bopha amahlumela izinyanda ezikhululekile.
• Lungiselela imisele, (uma ubuchwepheshe buhlinzekiwe) bokubeka izivini zomvini endaweni yokukhosela.
• Lungiselela isembozo

Ukubulala magciwane izinto zokumboza.

• I-Spunbond, i-burlap, imakethi esetshenziselwa ukuvimba amagilebhisi kumele yomiswe, ihlanzwe futhi iphathwe ngezixazululo ezisebenzayo zokulungiselela ukulwa nokukhunta ngokushesha ngemuva kokususa izindawo zokukhosela entwasahlobo. Songa ngobumnene kuze kube ekwindla endaweni eyomile, engafinyeleleki kwezulu.
• Amapulangwe wokhuni, ophahleni bazizwa, utshani kanye nemakethi womhlanga kufanele futhi aphathwe ngokucophelela ngesisombululo se-5-7% se-sulfate yethusi noma ezinye izinto ezixube izifo nezifo. Songa ngobunono ngaphansi kophahla.
• Ekwindla, ngaphambi kokukholisa amagilebhisi, zonke izinto ezilungiselelwe kufanele zibuyekezwe. Kuthathwa njengokuphonsa nokubhubhisa.
• Ngo-ekwindla, lungisa izinhlanga ezingemuva sekhava noma imicu yotshani, utshani, udoti wamaqabunga ekwindla, i-spruce ye-coniffort ingaba. Omisa amaqabunga awileyo, awaphathe ngamalungiselelo kusuka kwezifo zokukhunta nezinambuzane.
• Ukuvuna nokwomile kwamaqhubu ezinambuzane zotshani ezinambuzaneni, kufaka phakathi namagundane (i-tansy, umhlonyane, ama-marigolds, ama-marigolds nabanye). Ukwebiwa kwezinambuzane zotshani kungadabula amaqabunga, utshani, amakethi. Ungafafaza uthuli noma udlulise isiheyidi esinoshevu kusuka kumagundane nakwezinye izinambuzane.

Ukulungiswa kwe-Autumn kwamagilebhisi indawo yokukhosela.

Ungawumboza kanjani amagilebhisi ebusika?

Izinhlobo zezindawo zokukhosela umvini zingahlukaniswa ngezindlela eziningi:

• eduze nokumba amagilebhisi okujwayelekile
• isigamu sendawo yamagilebhisi,
• indawo ephelele yomvini yenkathi ebandayo.

Akunandaba nesifunda, izithombo ezincane ezineminyaka engu-1-2 ubudala, izinhlobo zaseYurophu, ezingazinzile ekushiseni ngokweqile, futhi amafomu e-hybrid adinga indawo yokukhosela.

Eduzane nokumba okujwayelekile kwamagilebhisi

ENingizimu, baqala ukukhosela amagilebhisi ezungeze maphakathi no-November. Ngemuva kokulungiswa kanye nokuqaliswa kwazo zonke izindlela ezidingekayo zokulungiswa kwesisindo esingaphezulu kwenkathi ebusika, gada uhlelo lwezimpande lwamagilebhisi.

Njengoba izimpande zamagilebhisi ziqala ukubanda ku -5 ... -7 ° C, lapho-ke ngesikhathi sokuqala kwamaqhwa kungakapheli u-0 ... - 2-4 ° C, kwakhiwa igquma lodaka elizungeze isiqu.

Ukuze uthole amagilebhisi okusondelene namagilebhisi sebenzisa umhlaba kusukela kuzindawo. I-Shelter yenziwa ukuze ikhanda lesihlahla somvini nengxenye engezansi yesembozo imbozwe ngokuphelele. Igquma lenziwa ngesilinganiso esingamasentimitha angama-30 okungenani nokuphakama okungu-10-25 cm (kugxilwe eminyakeni yobudala besihlahla nezimpande).

Umvini ovuthwe kahle wezinhlobo zamagilebhisi angavimbani nesithwathwa ungamelana neqhwa liye ku -15 ° С. Ngemuva kokuphelisa uhlelo lwezimpande, umvini umane ususwe ekusekelweni ubekwe ocingweni olungaphansi noma udoti (ibhodi, iplywood) emhlabathini. Uma amafrimu edlula -15 ° C, ke awusebenzi umsebenzi wokumboza. Uma kunokunye ukwehliswa kwezinga lokushisa, khona-ke umsebenzi wokumboza ophuthumayo wenziwa.

Half-yokukhosela amagilebhisi

Kwezinye izindawo eziseningizimu nasendaweni ephakathi yeRussia, kusetshenziswa indawo yokufihla isihlahla ekuvikeleni isithwathwa. Umehluko wayo ukuthi ingxenye kuphela yesihlahla esiseduzane nenhlabathi evikelekile kwisithwathwa. Ngokubheka ukuthi amakhaza aqongelela engxenyeni engaphezulu, eduze kwesihlahla somvini amboza ikhanda, imikhono engezansi nezisekelo zezihlumela. Izingxenye ezingenhla zezitshalo zivikelekile ngezinto zokumboza, zizisongele esakeni elivikelayo elenziwe ngotshani, nge-spunbond, emibhede yakudala. Ukuvikelwa kufanele okungenani kube ngu-4 cm. Ukuvimbela umoya ukuthi ungaphuli ku-wrapper, kuqiniswa nge-twine. Wonke umsebenzi wenziwa ngokucophelela ukuze unqamule izinso.

Ungamboza isisindo samagilebhisi angenhla sangaphansi ngenye indlela. Ezinhlangothini zehlathi ukwenza imisele engashonile. Gobela phansi imivimbo emhlabathini, ukhonkothe ​​futhi ufafaze ngomhlabathi. Ngaphezulu komhlaba, imicibisholo yokudubula ingahlala. Zishiywa zivulekile noma zimbozwe ngezinto ezahlukahlukene. Sebenzisa imaski, izingubo zokulala ezindala, amarobhothi, ama-spunbond noma ama-agrofibre. Mboza ngokucophelela ukuze unqamule izinso. Ngaphezulu kwendawo yokukhosela donsa ifilimu, ivikela ngemidwebo yemichilo noma ngamawele, ufafaze imiphetho yayo ngomhlaba. Shiya okulethwa ngezansi ukuze ngesikhathi sokushisa esishisayo sekwindla sishintshe izihlahla zomvini ezingaboli.

Umvini ovuthiwe wamakhasi amancane omvini ungabekwa nje emiseleni yokumbiwa angajulile bese ufafazwa ngenhlabathi eyi-10-15 cm. Ukuze la manzi angaqongeleli ezingxenyeni zezindawo ezisetshenzisiwe, lapho athatha khona inhlabathi ukuze kubuyelwe emuva, kufanele abambe le ndawo.

Izihlahla zamagilebhisi eziphansi zingaboshelwa ngobuningi esiqeshini esisele futhi zigoqwe ngokufakwa. Thola izingubo zobusika ezihlahleni.

Izithombo zamagilebhisi ezincane zobusika zimbozwe ngamabhodlela. Kulula kakhulu ukusebenzisa amabhodlela acacile angama-3-5 litre. Sika phansi bese ushayela phansi kwamabhodlela enhlabathini. Susa ukhula ukhokho. Ibhodlela limbozwe ngumhlaba ezinhlangothini zonke.

Ishelamu yamagilebhisi ngaphansi kotshani.

Indawo yokukhosela ephelele yamagilebhisi

Ukukhoselwa okugcwele kwamahlahla womvini kuyenziwa ezifundeni lapho izinga lokushisa ezinyangeni zasebusika lehlika ngaphansi -20 ° C. Ngemuva kokuqeda wonke umsebenzi wokulungiselela, amboze inhloko yesihlahla nomhlaba. Umvini ususwa ku-trellis, uboshwe ngokucophelela kube yinqwaba evulekile futhi ubekwe embhedeni olungiselelwe kusuka ku-slate, emabhodini, e-plywood. Zisebenza njengokufakwa kwemvini emhlabathini. Umvini kufanele uhlukaniswe emhlabathini.

Bawugobisa emhlabathini ngemidwebo ukuze umvini oxhunyiwe wamagilebhisi ungagxili phezulu ngaphezu komhlaba. Ingxenye ebunjiwe yezitshalo imbozwe ngezinto zokumboza eziselungiselelwe ngaphambili: ukugqekeza, amathafa, umhlanga, imicu yotshani. Izinto zokumboza kumele zibe zemvelo, izinto zokwenziwa zingagcini ukushisa. Umvini ungafa. Thatha indawo yokukhosela ngobumnene. Ifilimu yokufakelwa idonswa phezulu futhi ixazululwe ngamabakaki we-arc noma ngesakhiwo se-U. Imikhawulo yefilimu ifafazwe nomhlaba, futhi uqiniseke ukuthi ifilimu ayihlangani nezinso. Shiya izikhala ngokuqinisekile ukuze umvini ungashisi.

Abanye abaxhasi beviniga bacindezela umvini olungiselelwe kuma-arcs enhlabathini bawugcwalise ungqimba lomhlaba ongu-15-30 cm, kuthi lapho iqhwa liwa, baphonsa neqhwa.

Uma kungenzeki ukususa umvini ku-trellis noma kolunye uxhaso oluphezulu, khona-ke umvini uyambozwa unamathiselwe kusekelwa. Kulokhu, izimpande zivikelwe ngokuhlukile, kepha ngokucophelela. Bathelela igquma lomhlaba, bemboza ikhanda, imikhono engezansi ne-shtamb, bezungezwe ngamagatsha e-spruce futhi baboshwe ngamawele. Bayiphonsa ngeqhwa futhi baqiniseke ukuthi imboza i-spruce ngesigqoko. Ungavumeli ukubonakaliswa kwayo. Ngaphandle kwalokho, umvini ungabanda.

Ezifundeni ezibandayo ezinamaqabunga amade, zilungiselela kusuka egatsheni le-spruce noma ngesihlangu sokhuni uhlobo lwendlu noma ibhokisi, elimbozwe ngamaqabunga owomile noma notshani. Ikhava ephezulu enamathesi otshani, amakamelo nesembozo nge-slate noma esindayo ibhodi. Entwasahlobo, lesi sakhiwo siyachithwa futhi isihlahla siyakhululwa. Kunengqondo ngokwengeziwe ukukhosela izihlahla zamagilebhisi ezincane noma ezincane ezinezakhi ezinjalo. Ungase futhi wenze indawo yokukhosela umvini osuswe ku-trellis, oboshwe ngamabhendi aqinile. Lapho ugcwalisa indawo yokukhosela ngamaqabunga noma ngotshani, nangolunye uhlobo lwendawo yokukhosela, qiniseka ukuthi ubeka isithiyo sokudla okunoshevu ngokumelene namagundane ngaphansi kwesiqu sesiqu kanye nokususa ukugxusha kanye neziqu zezitshalo ezinambuzane. Izinduku ngeke zize endlini enjalo.

Kuvulwa amagilebhisi entwasahlobo

Amagilebhisi avulekile aqala eminyakeni eyishumi ka-Ephreli - ekuqaleni kukaMeyi. Ngokuqala kokushisa okuqhubekayo, udinga ukususa ifilimu ukuze i-condensation ingakheki, engabhubhisa izinso ezivuvukalayo. Wonke amagilebhisi okukhosela asusiwe lapho kuvela amahlumela wokuqala. Ukususwa kwezindawo zokukhosela kwenziwa kangcono kusihlwa noma esimweni sezulu esinamafu, ukuze amahlumela amancane namahlumela angatholi ukushiswa yilanga. Konke ukupakisha kuqoqwa futhi kushiswe noma kuthuthelwe emaphasishi kufafazwe nomhlaba. I-mulch izokubola futhi isebenze njengomanyolo we-organic.

Lapho kuqala amazinga okushisa azinzile, athatha umhlaba futhi akhulule isisekelo sediliya lamagilebhisi, imikhono ephansi, aphakamise umvini kwizisekele. Esikhathini esifanayo, isimo somvini siyaqashwa. Babheka umhlaba nge-rake yokugeleza komoya-mpilo ezimpandeni. Uma izihlahla zazimane zimbozwe ngezinto zokuphahla noma ngefilimu futhi zimbozwe yiqhwa, khona-ke ikhava leqhwa liyadilizwa, kusale indawo yokuhlala yaphakade. Ngezinsuku ezifudumele, ifilimu noma i-ruberoid ingasuswa, yomiswe, bese ebusuku ihlathi lomvini libuyele futhi kuze kumiswe amazinga okushisa aqhubekayo.

Ukulondoloza amagilebhisi lapho ukhule ezindaweni ezibandayo kudinga ukuzikhandla nokuzikhandla. Ngakho-ke, emakotishi kungcono ukukhulisa izinhlobo zobusika eziqinile ezingadingi izakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi zokuzivikela futhi ongazenza ngaphandle kwezindawo zokukhosela noma ngaphansi kokuvikelwa kohlelo lwezimpande.

Izinhlobo zamagilebhisi ezingazimbozi ukumila ezweni

Izinhlobo zamagilebhisi ezingamelana neqhwa ezifundeni eziseningizimu azihlali ebusika. Lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo ezingenasembozo zinganconywa ezifundeni eziseningizimu kanye nendawo ephakathi: iLidia, Vostorg, Isabella, Victoria, Kristina, Strashensky, Laura, Amethystovy, Ontario, Extra, Talisman, Arcadia, Negrul nezinye. Izinhlobo ezifanayo ezinendawo yokufihla noma egcwele ebusika zingatshalwa ngempumelelo ezindaweni ezisenyakatho. Babekezelela iqhwa phansi liye ku -25 ° C. Ngokuya ngezinto zabatshali bewayinini, izinhlobo zamagilebhisi ezinikeziwe zivimbela amazinga okushisa afinyelela ku--5- 35ºº.

Ezinhlotsheni zamagilebhisi zesimanje, qiniseka ukuthi ukhokha uSamantha. Ukumelana kakhulu nezifo nesithwathwa, ngebhulashi elikhulu elihle, ukunambitheka okungajwayelekile. Kwezinhlobonhlobo zokuqala, ezihamba phambili nezivame kakhulu yizinhlobonhlobo zamagilebhisi Iphayinaphu, iRogachevsky. I-Buffalo hybrid ivelele eqenjini lezinhlobo ezinokwenzeka. Ngokwakhiwa okwakhiwe ngamabibi, iBuffalo yakha isivuno esingaphezu kwamakhilogremu ayi-100 esihlahleni. Ukunambitheka okungajwayelekile kwezinhlobo zamagilebhisi eziGentle neLucille. Amajikijolo angamaLucily apinki kakhulu aphunga elimnandi lezimbali; ezinhlotsheni ezinobumnene, amajikijolo aphuzi onsomi anephunga elimnandi le-muscat nokunambitheka.