Ukukhula utamatisi ku-greenhouse usebenzisa i-Ekomik Urozhayny

Enye yemifino eluhlaza ethandwa kakhulu - utamatisi udinga indlela ekhethekile. Ukuthola isivuno sokuqala esinomusa, udinga ukuchitha isikhathi esiningi kubo futhi uqinisekise ukunakekelwa okuphelele. Eningizimu ne-thermophilic, le mifino inikezela ukukhetha hhayi kuphela phakathi kwamakhulu ezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene, kodwa futhi nangokuya ngezindlela zokuzikhulisa. Indlela ye-classical kulinywe yabo ithathelwa indawo ubuchwepheshe obusha, kufaka phakathi lokho okusekelwe esizukulwaneni esisha somanyolo okuvumela ukuthi uyeke ukusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali futhi ukhule notamatisi abanobungani bemvelo.

Utamatisi

Umkhiqizo wesizukulwane esisha

Ukulima i-organic kukuvumela ukuthi ungatholi nje ukuvuna okuningana kakhulu katamatisi abasezingeni eliphakeme. Ezolimo zemvelo azilona ize ngokuwina izinhliziyo zenani elandayo labalimi nabahlali basehlobo. Ngempela, kubonakaliswa ubungani bemvelo, ubuntu bokuphepha, ukuphepha kuyo yonke imvelo nabantu, ukulula nokusebenza kahle ngasikhathi sinye. Umnyombo wokulima okubandakanya imvelo yikhwalithi ephezulu yokudla kanye nokubuyiselwa kwezinga lemvelo lokuzala kwenhlabathi. Ukulungiselela isizukulwane esisha kuthatha indawo yamakhemikhali avikela amakhemikhali kanye nomanyolo, okunganikeli nje kuphela izitshalo ezisebenzayo, kepha futhi nokunakekela ukubuyiselwa komhlaba.

I-Ekomik Urozhayny nayo ingeyamalungiselelo anjalo - Umanyolo ophumelelayo futhi ophephile ngokuphelele wezinto eziphilayo ngesimo esisetshenziswa. Lokhu kungummeleli wamalungiselelo ahlelekile wokutshala imifino enobungqabavu ngokwemvelo ngokwemithetho yokulima ngokulima. Ngenxa yokwakheka okulinganiselayo kwezinto ezisebenza ngokusebenza kwezinto eziphilayo, ama-enzyme, imvubelo namagciwane ezinhlobo ezintathu - ukulungiswa kwe-nitrogen, i-lactic acid, i-photosynthetic, kanye nemikhiqizo yazo ye-metabolic, umuthi wenza imisebenzi yokudla okwakha umzimba, ukuvikela, ukuvuselela nokwakha inhlabathi.

Umthelela womkhiqizo webhayoloji we- “Ekomik Yield” ususelwa ekuthuthukisweni okuphelele kwezimo zokukhula kwezitshalo nokubuyiselwa komhlaba. Ama-Microorganisms awakhuphulisi inani lomsoco lomhlabathi, ephula ngempumelelo ngisho nezinto eziyinkimbinkimbi, kodwa futhi abuyisele umsebenzi ophakeme webhayoloji womhlaba futhi ashukumise ukuthuthukiswa kwezidalwa zenhlabathi. Lokhu kungumanyolo we-microbiological, ngokungafani nokuhlanganiswa kwamakhemikhali kwendabuko nezinto eziphilayo ezijwayelekile:

• isebenza ezingxenyeni ezingaphansi zenhlabathi;
• inikeza izitshalo hhayi kuphela nge-potassium phosphorus nitrogen eyinkimbinkimbi yezindlela ezihamba phambili kakhulu, okulula ukuthathwa yizitshalo, kodwa futhi namavithamini, ama-biofungicides, ama-organic acid nama-amino acid, ama-polysaccharides nezinye izinto ezilandelwayo nezihlanganisi;
• kuthinta ezingeni lamaselula;
• kusheshise futhi kuvamise izinqubo zomzimba;
• kwakha indawo ehlangabezana nezidingo zezitshalo nezigaba zokuthuthuka (okunokuphindaphindeka okuphindwe kabili kwazo zonke lezi zinto ezintathu zomkhondo ekuqaleni nasekupheleni kwesikhathi sokukhula);
• kuthuthukisa i-photosynthesis nokuphefumula ezitshalweni;
• kwandisa ukungatheleleki nokukhuthazela kwezitshalo;
• inomphumela ofanayo ovuselelayo ezingxenyeni ezingaphezulu komhlaba, naku-rhizome;
• yakha indawo engathandeki kuma-phytopathogens, evimbela ukukhula kwezifo eziningi zokukhunta, ukusuka ezimpandeni kuya kokwenza okulimaza sekwephuzile kanye ne-powdery hlobo;
• alibuyisi ukuzala kuphela, kepha futhi nekhwalithi nokwakheka kwenhlabathi (kufaka phakathi ukungcoliswa nokubi), ukwenza ngcono umoya nomoya, kubambe iqhaza enqubekweni yokwakheka kwenhlabathi nokwenziwa ngcono;
• kuthuthukisa ukuzicwilisa kwenhlabathi kusuka ezinsaleleni zamakhemikhali nemithi yokubulala izinambuzane;
• kunciphisa, kuze kufike ekuqothulweni okuphelele, isidingo sokusetshenziswa kwanoma imaphi ama-ejenti okuvikela amakhemikhali kanye nomanyolo;
• ithatha indawo yemikhiqizo eminingi (kufaka phakathi izinto ezikhulisayo, ama-fungicides nama-insecticides);
• ikuvumela ukuba ukhule utamatisi endaweni eyodwa iminyaka eminingana;
• ikuvumela ukuthi ulahle ukubulala amagciwane kanye nokubuyiselwa kwenhlabathi okudingekayo kubuchwepheshe bezolimo bendabuko ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo.

Izithombo zamatamatisi ezincane. © Karen Jackson

Ilungiselela ukutshala utamatisi ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo

Ukukhulisa utamatisi endaweni ebamba ukushisa kuqala ngezithombo. Ukuhlwanyelwa kwenziwa ngokwemigwaqo yasendulo kusuka ngoFebhuwari kuze kube sekupheleni kukaMashi, kusuka ezinhlotsheni sekwephuzile. Ukufaka imbewu yetamatisi imizuzu engama-30 noma ihora elilodwa kusisombululo samaconsi angama-5 (amahlanu) we-Ekomika Urozhayniy ngesindebe esisodwa (200 ml) samanzi okushisa asekamelweni kusiza ukuthola izithombo ezinobungane futhi zisheshe, zivikele izifo futhi zenqabe ngokuphelele ukwelashwa ngezivuseleli kanye nama-fungicides. Ukufafaza ngomanyolo we-micobiological ukuthola izithombo ezinempilo, ezinamandla kuqala ezinsukwini ezingama-3-4 ngemuva kokuqhuma, kuphinda-ke ngemuva kokuntywila esigabeni sesi-2 sala maqabunga bese kamuva ukusebenzisa umuthi ngokunisela kaningi isikhathi esingu-1 emavikini ayi-1-2. Izinqubo sebenzisa isixazululo somuthi "Ekomik Harvest" (10 ml ngalinye 10 l lamanzi).

Okubaluleke ngokufanayo empumelelweni yokutshala utamatisi ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo ukulungiswa kwenhlabathi efanelekile: "isisekelo" esibekwe ngaphambi kokutshala kuzoqinisekisa impilo nokukhula okujwayelekile kwamatamatisi kusuka esigabeni sokutshala izithombo kuya ekuvuneni kokugcina. Ukwenza ngcono ngaphambi kokutshala kwenziwa emavikini angama-1-2 ngaphambi kosuku lokuhlela lokutshala utamatisi.

Ukulungiswa kwenhlabathi yasentwasahlobo kuqala ngokumba. Ukukhulisa utamatisi endaweni ebamba ukushisa, kuyadingeka ukuthi uqinisekise hhayi kuphela ukuzala kwenhlabathi, kepha nesakhiwo sekhwalithi yayo, umoya namanzi ukutholakala. Ngesikhathi sokumba emhlabathini wezithombo zokugcina izithombo, umanyolo we-organic udinga ukusetshenziswa - umquba, umquba, umquba, njll (kusuka ku-2-3 kg ukuthola inhlabathi entsha esezingeni eliphezulu kuya ku-8 kg nge-1 m² - ngabampofu), futhi uma kunesidingo, ukulungiswa kwezimpawu nesihlabathi, i-peat noma umhlaba wefudu.

Isigaba sokugcina - ukwelashwa kwenhlabathi ngesixazululo sokulungiswa kwe-Ekomik Urozhayny - kuvumela ukulahla ukubulala amagciwane kwendabuko nokungena emhlabathini womanyolo ophelele wezimbiwa. Masinyane nje ngaphambi kwenqubo, inhlabathi iphinde idedelwe nge-pitchfork ukuqinisekisa ukusatshalaliswa kahle komuthi. Inhlabathi ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo iphathwa ngesisombululo nge-100 ml yomkhiqizo wemvelo ngama-10 l wamanzi ngokushisa kuka-25 ... 30 °. Ngokubamba okuluhlaza okuyi-1 m² yenhlabathi, cishe ilitha elilodwa lengxube elungiselelwe liyasetshenziswa. Ngemuva kokunisela, inhlabathi iyakhululwa, ifukuza ungqimba oluphezulu lomhlabathi, bese kuphathwa izindonga nophahla.

Ngemuva kwamaviki angu-1-2 ngemuva kokwethulwa komanyolo we-microbiological, ungaqhubeka ngqo nokutshala izitshalo ku greenhouse. Kwamatamatisi asemgqeni ophakathi nendawo, kungcono ukutshala izithombo ezilukhuni ezineminyaka engama-45-50 ekuqaleni noma maphakathi noMeyi, enhlabathini efudumele nangaphambi kokunisela enamazinga okushisa angaphansi kwe-12 ... 15 °. Ukutshala kwenziwa emgodini ngamunye, kukhulisa izitshalo kancane kuqhathaniswa nezinga elidlule. Ibanga phakathi kwezitshalo ngokuqondile lilingana nosayizi wezinhlobonhlobo: utamatisi okhula kancane ubekwa ibanga elingama-35-40 cm phakathi kwezihlahla, eziphakeme - ngamasentimitha angama-60-70. Ama-anisles angama-50-70 cm nawo akhethwe ngokusho kwesilinganiso esilinganiselwe sezihlahla, aqondiswa yimiyalo yezinhlobo ezithile.

Ngaphambi kokutshala izitshalo ku-greenhouse, inhlabathi kufanele iphathwe ngomkhiqizo we-Ekomik Urozhayny wemvelo. © i-cabinorganic

Ukunakekelwa ngokucophelela kwemiphumela ephelele

Ukugqoka okuphezulu kuyingxenye ebalulekile ekukhuleni utamatisi ezindlini. Ezindlini zokugcina izithombo, le mifino idinga ukufaka umquba njalo - okungenani ukugqoka okungaphezulu kwesihlanu okuphezulu. Ukusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo emisha yemvelo ngokusho kwemigomo yokulima e-organic kukuvumela ukuthi uyeke ngokuphelele umanyolo wamaminerali futhi wenze inqubo ibe lula ngangokunokwenzeka.

Ukuze uthole ukwelashwa okujwayelekile nokugqokwa kwezitshalo usebenzisa isixazululo esijwayelekile sokulungiswa "Ekomik Urozhayny" - 10 ml ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi. Ngawo wonke ama-1 m2 enhlabathi, kwanele ukusebenzisa amalitha ama-2-3 ekhambi.

Ngemuva kokufaka izithombo enhlabathini, ukunisela kokuqala kwenziwa ngomanyolo we-microbiological, ukuhlinzeka ngokuguqulwa okuhlelekile, okunomthelela ekubuyiselweni ngokushesha nokukhula okusebenzayo kwamatamatisi. Ngokuzayo, ukucubungula isidakamizwa "I-Ekomik Ukuvuna" kwenziwa kaningi ngezikhathi eziyi-1-2 ngenyanga. Lapho unisela, kubalulekile kakhulu ukuthi ungavumeli ukweqile kwenhlabathi futhi kwandise umswakama ngaphezulu kwama-90%.

Ukwenza ukugqoka kwezimpande ngesixazululo somkhiqizo wemvelo. © Woodblocx

Ukusetshenziswa komanyolo we-Microbiological "Ekomik Harvest" kunomthelela kulokhu:

• ukuthuthukiswa kahle kwezihlahla, ukuthuthuka kokukhula, ubude bama-internode, ubukhulu bamaqabunga kanye nombala wawo;
• ukubuyiselwa kwezitshalo ezibuthakathaka, ezilimele, ezivuthayo;
• ukunciphisa izehlakalo zezitshalo;
• ukwakhiwa kwenamba enkulu yama-ovari, ukuthuthukiswa kwabo okusheshayo nokusebenzayo;
• ukuvuthwa okuphezulu nekhwalithi ephezulu yezithelo;
• ukukhuphuka kwesivuno (lapho usebenzisa umkhiqizo webhayiloji kusuka esigabeni sokukhula kwesithombo - kuya ku-200%);
• ukwenza ngcono izimfanelo zokunambitha nokunambitheka kwamatamatisi;
• ukulondolozwa kwezithelo okuthuthukile;
• ukunciphisa izinga lama-nitrate anqwabelaniswa ezithelo, nokuvuna utamatisi we-organic.

Isakhi esidla isikhathi esiningi sokunakekelwa komoya utamatisi siyakhala. Ukufakwa kwezinhlelo zokudonsa kusiza kakhulu inqubo ye-hydration futhi kugweme izingozi eziningi. Kepha ngokunisela ngesandla, kufanele uqaphele kakhulu:

• ungafafazi amaqabunga;
• lawula ikhwalithi kanye lokushisa kwamanzi (22 ... 25 °);
• qala ukuchelela njalo kuphela ngemuva kokujwayela kwezitshalo ku-greenhouse, ukuqalwa kabusha kokukhula kwazo (cishe izinsuku ezingama-8 kuya koku-1 emva kokutshala);
• enze izinqubo ekuseni hhayi kaningi kakhulu, ngokunqunyelwa kwezinsuku ezingama-4-6;
• Sebenzisa amalitha ama-4-5 wamanzi nge-1 m² yenhlabathi ngaphambi kokuqhakaza namalitha ayi-10-13 ngemuva kokuqala kwawo;
• gcwalisa ukunisela ngakunye kokuthambisa kwenhlabathi (kungathathelwa indawo nge-mulching).

Utamatisi ku-greenhouse.

Ukutshala kumele kuvame ukudayiswa, ikakhulukazi ngemuva kokunisela, kugcina izinga lokushisa elizinzile lisuka ku-18 liye ku-26 ° ntambama, kuya ngesimo sezulu, futhi lingabi ngaphansi kuka-15 ... 16 ° wokushisa ebusuku.

Konke okunye ukunakekela utamatisi ku-greenhouse kubilisa ku:

• i-garter, eyenziwa ku-linear noma ngohlaka lwama-trellises (amamaki aphansi - izikhonkwane);
• IStepsonovka - ukususwa kwamaqabunga akhula emanyweni amaqabunga amaqabunga asohlangothini;
• impova yemanyuwali (sebenzisa ukushunqiswa kwamabhulashi, ukusetshenziswa kwesithsaba noma ibhulashi ngokwanda okwalandela komswakama - ngokunisela noma ukufafaza);
• ukwakheka kwezitshalo kusiqu esisodwa (for inzalo enkulu ngayinye - ngeziqu ezimbili);
• ukususwa kwamaqabunga aphansi ngemuva kokutshala kanye nokuqala kokuvuthwa kwezithelo;
• ukuvuna nsuku zonke.

Ngemuva kokuvuna, izindlu zokugcina izithombo nenhlabathi nazo kufanele ziphathwe nge-Ekomik Urozhayny.

Ilungiselela isizini ezayo

Ukubekwa kwesisekelo sokuvunwa okuhle ngonyaka ozayo kufanele kwenziwe ngokushesha ngemuva kokuqoqwa kwezithelo zokugcina esikhathini samanje. Ukwelashwa kwenhlabathi ngemuva kokuvunwa ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo akuvumeli nje kuphela ukubuyisela kahle izici zayo, kepha futhi kuvikele nezinkinga ezivame kakhulu ezivelayo lapho kukhula utamatisi enhlabathini evaliwe.

Uma ngobuchwepheshe bendabuko bokukhulisa utamatisi endaweni ebamba ukushisa, umsebenzi wasekwindla ubandakanya ukubulala amagciwane nokubuyiselwa komhlaba noma ingxenye ethile yomhlabathi, lapho-ke ukusetshenziswa kwe-Ekomik Urozhayny ukulungiselela kukuvumela ukuthi ukhohlwe ngama-fungicides, ukushaya nokususa inhlabathi. Ukuze kusetshenzwe ngemuva kokuvunwa ezindlini zokugcina izithombo, kwanele:

1. Susa imfucumfucu yesitshalo, imigodi ecacile;
2. bamba inhlabathi bese ubeka umanyolo we-organic;
3. phatha inhlabathi kanye nesakhiwo ngesisombululo sokulungiswa kwe-Ekomik Urozhayny (engxenyeni ye-100 ml kuwo wonke amalitha ayi-10 amanzi, uchithe inhlabathi ngesilinganiso se-1 litre lesisombululo nge-1 m² yenhlabathi).

Ukulungiselela kweMicrobiological "Ukuvunwa kwe-Ekomik"

Umsizi wendawo yonke hhayi kuphela kwezitshalo ezisezingeni

Ububanzi besidakamizwa "Ekomik Harvest" abukhawulelwe kumatamatisi kuphela. Ngokungeziwe ekusetshenzisweni komanyolo we-microbiological ukuthola isivuno esikhudlwana nesisezingeni eliphakeme samakhukhamba we-organic, upelepele, isitshalo seqanda, u-anyanisi, ama-beet kanye neminye imifino ongayisebenzisa:

• ukubuyiselwa kwenhlabathi zombili emibhedeni nasengadini yomhlobiso;
• ekutshaleni kwezitshalo ezisikiwe eziqhakazayo;
• njengelungiselelo lokuhleleka kwendawo yonke lokuhlobisa ama-perennials kanye nama-perennials;
• ukutshalwa kwezihlahla zezithelo nezihlobiso nezihlahla;
• njengethuluzi eliyinkimbinkimbi lokugcina ukushisa kwezitshalo nezitshalo zasendlini;
• ekuhlanganiseni.