Izimbali ezinhle kangako njenge-petunias zingaba umhlobiso omuhle hhayi engadini kuphela, kodwa nasekhaya, kanye nasethreyini, kuvulandi, njll. Lesi sitshalo singesinye sezimbali ezinde kakhulu futhi ezigqamile, futhi futhi sinezinhlobonhlobo, imibala nemimo . UPetunia ukhulile, njengomthetho, njengonyaka. Kodwa-ke, kukhona obunye ubunzima ekukhuleni izithombo ze-petunia. Ngakho-ke, ukuze lo mcimbi uphumelele, kuyadingeka ukutshala isitshalo esinjalo ngasikhathi esithile.
Ungakhula kanjani izithombo ze-petunia kusuka ezinhlanyelweni
Ingxube efanelekayo yesithombo
Ngezithombo ezikhulayo, ingxube yomhlaba kancane ene-acidic noma yokungathathi hlangothi ifanelekile. Kufanele ivulwe, igcwale izakhamzimba, ikwazi ukugcina amanzi, kepha ingabi manzi kakhulu. Ungathenga ingxube yomhlaba efanayo, noma kunalokho, inhlabathi yonkana, Stender esitolo esikhethekile. Kodwa-ke, izithasiselo zidinga ukungezwa kulomhlaba. Ngakho-ke, kumalitha ama-5 omhlabathi imbiza engamakhulu amahlanu wegramu yezinkuni, amagremu angama-250 e-perlite, nesipuni esisodwa esikhulu seKemira noma i-potassium sulfate. Ungenza ingxube ngezandla zakho. Kulokhu, kuyadingeka ukuhlanganisa i-humus, umhlabathi omfusa, isihlabathi, kanye ne-peat ebunjiwe, okumele ithathwe ngokwesilinganiso 2: 2: 1: 2. Ungalungisa inhlanganisela efanelekayo yenhlabathi, inhlabathi yengadi kanye ne-peat, ethathwa ngokwesilinganiso 1: 1: 2. Ingxube yomhlabathi eqediwe idinga ukuvinjezelwa amahlandla ama-2 ngesihlungo. Ngakho-ke, ngokokuqala ngqa kubalulekile ukusebenzisa isihlungo esikhulu, kanti okwesibili - ngesihlungo esincanyana. Ngemuva kwalokho umhlaba kufanele uthele ngesisombululo se-Previkur (esilungiselelwe ngokwemiyalo) noma nge-potassium permanganate (eqinile).
Ukuhlwanyela izilondeli zezithombo
Imbewu kufanele ithengwe kuphela lezo ezenziwe ngumenzi ezinokwethenjelwa, uma kungenjalo kuzodingeka ulinde isikhathi eside sezithombo, uma zivela ngokuphelele. Uma usebenzisa imbewu etshaliwe, ngakho-ke akufanele uyilungiselele ngokukhethekile ukutshala. Kepha kufanelekile ukukhumbula ukuthi enhlabathini eyomile aqhuma kabi, ngoba ungqimba oluzimboza lungeke lwancibilike. Lapho uthenga imbewu elula, udinga ukuthola kumthengisi ukuthi ungazigcina kanjani ngokufanele nokuthi kungakanani isikhathi esingakanani. Kunconywa ukusebenzisa imbewu entsha ekutshaleni, ngoba ukuhluma okuphansi okungobunzima obukhulu ekukhuleni kwezitshalo ezinjalo.
Ngokutshala, kunconywa ukusebenzisa ibhokisi elenziwe ngokhuni noma ngeplastiki, ukuphakama kwalo kufanele kube ngamasentimitha ayi-10. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukuvuleka okukhethekile kokudonsa kumele kwenziwe ezansi tank. Phatha ezansi ekhabetheni ngesisombululo se-potassium permanganate, bese uyihlanza ngamanzi ahlanzekile. Beka ungqimba olunobumba oluncane olwandisiwe phansi, bese uthele umxube womhlaba olungiselelwe phezu kwawo. Ngasikhathi sinye, kuyadingeka ukuthi umhlaba ungafiki emaphethelweni angaphezulu ethangi ngamasentimitha amabili. Imbewu enjalo imila kahle uma ihlwanyelwa eqhweni, ngakho-ke uma isemgwaqweni, ibeke phezulu kwenhlabathi futhi icwebile kancane. Imbewu ihlwanyelwa ngqo eqhweni. Ngemuva kwalokho ibhokisi limbozwa ngengilazi noma ngefilimu. Ngemuva kokuthi ungqimba lweqhwa seluncibilikile, imbewu izodonswa kulelo gaba elingaphansi. Lapho kungekho iqhwa, ukuhlwanyelwa kwenziwa ebusweni bomswakama omfushane, bese imbewu ifafazwa isuka phezulu isebenzisa isibhamu sokufafaza esihlukaniswe kahle. Ngemuva kwalokhu, ikhabethe futhi lidinga ukumbozwa ngengilazi noma ngefilimu. Imbewu akufanele ingcwatshwe enhlabathini noma ifafazwe ngosoqweqwe lomhlaba omncane, ngoba imila kuphela lapho kukhanya. Ukuze ukuhlwanyele okuningi, imbewu encane kunconywa ukuba ihlanganiswe nenani elincane lesihlabathi esomile. Faka isitsha endaweni ekhanyiswe kahle futhi efudumele (cishe ngama-25 degrees) indawo.
Ukutshala izithombo ezibhebheni
Uma uthenge imbewu ethengisiwe, khona-ke kungcono ukusebenzisa amaphilisi we-peat akhethekile ukuze uyihlwanyele. Ngale njongo, amaphilisi asayizi aphakathi (amasentimitha 3.5 noma ama-4,5 amasentimitha) afanelekile. Okokuqala, ithebhulethi ye-peat kumele icwiliswe emanzini ukuze imanzi. Ngemuva kwalokho, kukhishwe uketshezi olwedlulele, futhi amaphilisi alungiselelwe kufanele afakwe emgqonyeni onemiphetho ephezulu. Ngemuva kwalokho, usebenzisa i-toothpick noma umdlalo ojwayelekile, imbewu eyi-1 ibekwa kwithebhulethi ngayinye. Bese ukuthambisa kwenziwa kusetshenziswa i-pipette, ezokwengeza ungqimba lwento emboza imbewu. Ngemuva kwemizuzu embalwa, faka amagobolondo ngeminwe yakho, obekumele ibe isithambile ngaleso sikhathi. Lokhu kuzovumela imbewu ukuthi ikhule ngokushesha. Ngemuva kwalokho ,imboza isitsha esivela phezulu ngefilimu noma ingilazi bese usibeka endaweni ekhanyiswe kahle, efudumele (cishe ama-degree angama-25).
Le ndlela yokukhula isiza ekwandiseni ukuhluma kwezilwane ezifuywayo. Futhi nabatshali bezimbali bayabona ukuthi kulula kakhulu ukunakekela izithombo ezinjalo, ngoba azidingi ukutshalwa, futhi ungaqonda futhi kalula lapho isitshalo sidinga ukuthambisa.
Ukutshala izithombo ze-petunia kumakhasethi
Ukukhula kumakhasethi, ngokusho kwabalimi abaningi, kulula kakhulu, futhi ngendlela yezomnotho. Ngakho-ke, ikhasethi elinamaseli lenzelwe ukusetshenziswa okuningi, futhi izitshalo ezitshalwe kulo azidingi ukukhetha okunye. Uma ufisa, ungathenga amakhasethi ngenombolo ehlukile yamaseli. Kodwa-ke, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi amangqamuzana amaningi asekhompyutheni, mancane kakhulu lawo. Ngokuhlwanyelwa kwezilwane ezifuywayo, ochwepheshe balulekisa lawo makhasethi anamaseli awo amakhulu ngokwanele, ngenkathi ukuphakama kwawo akufanele kube ngaphansi kwamasentimitha ayi-10. Amaseli angagcwaliswa ukuxubana komhlaba, okukhulunywe ngawo ngenhla, kodwa amaphilisi we-peat nawo afakwa kuwo uma afiswa. Ukunakekela izithombo ezinjalo udinga ngendlela efanayo nezikhulile emabhokisini alula.
Ingabe kufanele ngithenge izithombo ezenziwe ngomumo?
Ikakhulu umbuzo wokuthenga izithombo ezilungiselelwe ezenziwe nge-petunia ukhathaza abalimi abangenalwazi, ngoba akuyena wonke umuntu ophumelela ukuyikhulisa eyedwa. Uma ufuna ukuzikhulisa ngokwakho u-petunia, udinga nje ukuthenga imbewu esezingeni eliphakeme bese unamathela kule mithetho yokuhlwanyela engenhla. Kodwa-ke, uma umhlaziyi wezimbali engazi ukuthi angakhula kanjani izithombo nhlobo futhi uyamesabisa, khona-ke kungenzeka ukuthi athenge izithombo zikaPetunia ezenziwe ngomumo, udinga nje ukwenza lokhu esitolo sezimbali eziqinisa ukuzethemba. By the way, entwasahlobo kulula kakhulu ukwenza lokhu, ngoba lesi sitshalo akuyona ukusilela.
Kodwa-ke, ngaphambi kokuhambela izithombo zikapuni, udinga ukukhumbula imithetho embalwa ezokusiza ukhethe izitshalo ezisezingeni eliphakeme nezinempilo:
- umugqa ongaphansi kwalapho petunia ikhula khona akumele ibe manzi;
- izithombo ezinamahlamvu aphezulu omisiwe namaqabunga aphuzi kungenzeka ukuthi zigule yi-chlorosis futhi nohlelo lwezimpande seluvele lwashona ezitshalweni;
- ungathathi i-petunia ekhulayo, njengoba lezi zitshalo enhlabathini evulekile zingaqala ukwelula noma ziyeke ukukhula (kuya ngokuthi izimpande zithinteka kabi kangakanani);
- hlola ongaphansi kwehlamvu, ngoba kungahle kube nezinambuzane.
Ukunakekelwa kwezithombo zikaPetunia
Izimo ezifanele zokukhula
Okuhle kunakho konke ukuthi imbewu yalezi zimbali imila ekushiseni kwama-degree angama-24 noma angama-25. Ama-nzalo afunwa ikakhulukazi ekushiseni. Ngakho-ke, uma kubanda kakhulu, khona-ke ngeke bavuke, futhi ezimweni ezifudumele, lesi sitshalo siqala ukulimala, futhi iziqu zazo ziqonde. Kuleso simo, uma unikeza izinga lokushisa elidingekayo nokukhanya okuhle, khona-ke imbewu yokuqala ingabonakala ezinsukwini ezingama-5-7 ngemuva kokuhlwanyela. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, izithombo zizodinga ukuthi zithunyelwe izikhathi ezimbalwa ngosuku. Ukuze wenze lokhu, susa indawo yokukhosela, ngenkathi ususa amaconsi amanzi kuyo. Isikhathi sokuqala udinga ukuvula imizuzu engama-20, bese kuba imizuzu engama-40, njll. Ngasikhathi sinye, udinga ukwehlisa izinga lokushisa lomoya. Ngakho-ke, phakathi nosuku kufanele kube ngama-degree angama-20, futhi ebusuku - kuze kufike ku-16 degrees. Ekuqaleni, izitshalo zibonakaliswa ukukhula okuhamba kancane. Iqiniso ngukuthi ngalesi sikhathi izimpande zabo zikhula ngentshiseko futhi zikhula. Kufanele futhi kukhunjulwe ukuthi izithombo ezinsukwini zokugcina zikaFebhuwari kanye ngenyanga kaMashi zidinga ukukhanyiselwa. Kulezo zimo lapho i-petunias inyuka kakhulu, kuyodingeka ukuncipha, okungenziwa ngama-tweezers.
Ukuhlanganiswa kususwa ngokuphelele kuphela ngemuva kokuba isitshalo sesiqale ukusithinta. Noma kunjalo, kubalulekile ngalesi sikhathi ukugcina umswakama ongaphansi komhlaba ngezinga elifanayo.
Ukugqamisa kwezithombo zikaPetunia
Ukuze lezi zilwane ezisanda kuvela zisheshe zikhule futhi zikhule ngendlela ejwayelekile, zidinga ukukhanyiswa cishe kwansuku zonke. Uma izitshalo zinikeza ukukhanyisa okuhle, khona-ke lokhu kuzosheshisa ukukhula kwazo, futhi zilinganise kakhulu ukuqala kwezimbali. Ngemuva kwalokho, izimbali ezinjalo zidinga ukuhlinzeka amahora okukhanya kwelanga, isikhathi sawo okufanele silingane namahora ayi-11-12. Kulokhu, ukukhanya okukhulu kufanele kulingana nezinkulungwane ezingama-50. Ukuze uthole lokhu, ukukhanya okwengeziwe kufanele kukhanyiswe ekuseni (amahora angama-7-8), bese kuvalwa kusihlwa (amahora angama-21 kuya kwayi-22). Lapho ukuthathwa kwenziwa, izinga lokukhanyisa kufanele lenyuswe kancane laya ku-55 000 lux.
Ngokukhanyisa, i-LED, i-fluorescent, amalambu okukhipha igesi, kanye nama-phytolamp akhethekile. Kufanele zifakwe ngenhla kwezithombo ezilinganisweni zamasentimitha angama-20.
Ungaphuzisa kanjani
Kuzithombo zezilwane ezifuywayo, ukuthambisa okufanele kubaluleke kakhulu. Iqiniso ngukuthi isitshalo esinjalo sidinga umswakama olinganiselayo. Ngakho-ke, uma inhlabathi imanzi kakhulu, lokhu kuzoholela ekubukekeni kwezifo ezibolile nezikhunta, futhi ukomisa umugqa ongaphansi kungabulala izitshalo ezisencane. Izithombo ezinjalo zinconywa ukunisela ngenkasa. Ngakho-ke, ngesirinji, udinga ukuphonsa amanzi ngqo ngaphansi kwempande yesitshalo, ngenkathi uzama ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uketshezi aluweli kunoma yiluphi uhlangothi lwamahlamvu. Kungenzeka futhi ukuthulula uketshezi ngenkathi ukuchelela odongeni lwethangi. Futhi isitshalo esinjalo singaniselwa ngokusebenzisa ugqoko.
Sebenzisa kuphela amanzi athambile futhi azinze kahle ukunisela (i-chlorine akufanele ibe sesimweni sayo). Ungasebenzisa amanzi afudumele namazinga wegumbi. Imizuzu embalwa ngaphambi kokunisela, uthele ujusi omncane we-lime osanda kufakwa esitsheni samanzi.
Uma usuku selunelanga, khona-ke ukuthambisa kumele kuhlelwe kusihlwa. Futhi uma isibhakabhaka sigcwele amafu, lapho-ke udinga ukunisela isitshalo ekuseni.
Umanyolo
Ama-plantlets amasha adinga izakhi eziningi zomzimba, ngakho-ke adinga ukufaka umanyolo njalo ku-substrate. Ezinsukwini zokuqala eziyi-14 ngemuva kokuvela, kuyadingeka ukufafaza i-petunia ngesixazululo esibuthakathaka se-potassium permanganate noma iPervicura njengengqimba ephezulu yomahluko ongaphansi komhlaba. Lapho amapheshana wangempela ama-3 no-4 eqala ukukhula ezitshalweni, khona-ke isisombululo se-Crystal ephuzi kufanele sengezwe emhlabathini (ngamalitha ama-5 amanzi ½ kwesipuni esikhulu). Ukugqoka okuphezulu kwenziwa kuwo wonke amahlamvu (ikakhulukazi uma kunenqwaba yezithombo), futhi ngqo enhlabathini. Izichumisi ezinjenge-Uniflora Micro noma i-Kristallon zilungele ukondliwa okuphezulu eshidini. Izithombo ezikhulile zidinga ukondliwa amahlandla ama-3 ngezinsuku eziyi-7, kuyilapho kunconyelwa ukuthi indlela yefoliar nezimpande isetshenziswe ngokuhlukile.
Ngemuva kwamaviki ambalwa, njengoba kuzokwenziwa ukhetho, isitshalo kufanele sifafazwe ngesisombululo somkhiqizo ovusa ukukhula kwezimpande. Ngale njongo, kunconyelwa ukusebenzisa ithuluzi elifana ne: Mortar, Plantafol, Kemira Suite, kanye ne-Aquarin. Ngasikhathi sinye, lungisa ikhambi, ulandele ngokuqinile imiyalo enamathiselwe.
Kumele kubhekwe ukuthi uma kwenzeka lapho le ngxube yokuhlwanyelwa isetshenziswa izakhi zomzimba, kuzokwazi ukwenza lokho ngaphandle kokufaka umanyolo. Kodwa-ke, uma usebenzisa umhlabathi ompofu, ziyadingeka.
Ukukhetha izithombo zika-petunia
Esimweni lapho imbewu ihlwanyelwa ebhokisini elivamile, izodinga ukhetho njengoba lukhula. Yilokho kuphela, ngoba isilwanyana esinjalo endlini sikhulelwe amasonto angama-8 kuya kwengama-6, futhi ngasikhathi sinye, izitshalo sezikhulile nezimpande ezinamakha impela. Ngokudaya, kunconyelwa ukusebenzisa iziqukathi (izinkomishi), umthamo wazo ongama-200-250 mg, kuyilapho phansi kufanele kube nezimbobo zokudonsa. Udinga ukudonsa i-petunia ngemuva kokuthi inamabili amaqabunga angama-2-3. Izitshalo zikhula kanye nesigaxa sobumba, zizama ukungaphazamisi izimpande, bese zidluliselwa esitsheni esisodwa. Ngemuva kwalokho uthele inhlanganisela yenhlabathi engaka ukuze kungabikho izikhala ezikhona engilazini. Izitshalo ezidlulisiwe ziyaniselwa. Ngemuva kokuzinza kwenhlabathi, umhlaba uyengezwa ethangini. Ukuze ugweme ukwelula izithombo, izinsuku eziyi-7 ngemuva kwe-dive kufanele zigcine amazinga okushisa angama-3-4 degrees ngaphansi kwelejwayelekile. Futhi, izithombo kufanele zivikelwe ngalesi sikhathi elangeni eliqondile. Kwenzeka ukuthi isitshalo se-dive sinezikhathi ezi-2.
Lapho sikhule kumathebulethi, uma kunesidingo, isitshalo singatshalwa esitsheni esithile ngqo naso.
Ukondliwa kokuqala ngemuva kokuthathwa akunconywa hhayi ngaphambi kwamaviki ayi-1-1,5 emva kwawo.
Izingcosana zokucwilisa izithombo of petunia
Ukuze uthole kangcono i-petunia, udinga ingcosana. Izinhlobo ezikhula ngokuqinile futhi ezi-hybrid zidalulwa ngaphezu kwamapheshana ama-4 noma ama-5, kuyilapho ingxenye engenhla yesiqu iphulwe kanye nephuzi lokukhula. Njengomphumela walokhu, kuzovela ihlumela elincane kuqwezu ngalunye lweqabunga, futhi isitshalo esinjalo sizoqhakaza kakhulu. Ngemuva kwengxenye yenyanga, i-pinch yesi-2 yenziwa, ngenkathi kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ukuze kutholakale isihlahla esikhulu kakhulu, kubalulekile ukwenza le nqubo kaningana.
Izithombo zezithombo zezinhlobo ze-ampel azihlanganisiwe, ngoba lokhu kuzoba nomthelela omncane egatsheni lawo. Isitshalo esinjalo sibuthakathaka njengegatsha.
Izifo nezinambuzane
Imvamisa, lesi sifo umlenze omnyama, futhi isizathu salokhu kungaba umswakama ngokweqile. Ekuqaleni nje, kuvela indawo emnyama ezansi kwehlumela, kuyilapho izicubu zezitshalo ziba ezithambile nezizungu. Ngemuva kwalokho, amafomu okubumba kule ndawo, futhi ukuphunyula kulele ngaphansi kwesisindo sawo. Izitshalo ezithintekile kufanele zichithwe. Indawo abakhulele kuyo ichithwe ngesisombululo esinamandla se-potassium permanganate, Maxim noma Formalin (40%).
Futhi, isitshalo esinjalo sivame ukuhlushwa yi-chlorosis (ukuntuleka kwensimbi). Lokhu kungenzeka ngenxa yokugcwala kwenhlabathi ngenxa yokuchichima. Kulokhu, isikejana esikhethekile sensimbi, esiyingxenye yekhambi likaFerovit, kufanele singeniswe emhlabathini.
Isithonga sesicabucabu, esithanda ngempela ukoma kakhulu, singakwazi ukuhlala ezincwadini zamapheshana. Ifunca ujusi wezitshalo, futhi futhi ibe ngumthwali wesifo esiyingozi segciwane. Ukulwa nayo, kunconywa ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa ze-acaricidal, ngokwesibonelo: Neoron, Actellik, Fitoverm, njll.
Imithetho yokulungiselela izithombo zokudlulisela enhlabathini evulekile
Lapho ukukha kusale, izithombo ezinamandla zingaqala ukulungela ukutshala emhlabathini ovulekile. I-Hardening yenziwa ngaphezulu kwe-crescent, kuyilapho lesi sitshalo kufanele sijwayele umgwaqo kancane kancane. Isikhathi sokuqala ukuthi izitshalo zihlale emgwaqweni zisuka imizuzu eyi-10 kuye kwayi-15, kuthi-ke nsuku zonke isikhathi sokuhlala kwazo kumele zikhuphuke. Masinyane ngaphambi kokutshala, izithombo kufanele zibe semgwaqweni ubusuku nemini. UPetunia kufanele atshalwe engxenyeni yesibili kaMeyi neyokuqala ngoJuni.
Ngokutshala, ungakhetha noma iyiphi indawo enomhlabathi. Kodwa-ke, kungcono ukukhulisa u-petunia endaweni enamabala amahle enomhlabathi ovuthiwe, onomsoco.Susa utshani bokhula, imfucumfucu enhlabathini bese uyigaya, kunconywa ukuthi wenze i-humus noma umquba.
Ukufakelwa kwenziwa kusihlwa ekushoneni kwelanga noma esimweni sezulu esinamafu. Kwenziwa imbobo yokujula kwamasentimitha ayishumi, kuyilapho ibanga phakathi kwezitshalo lincike ngqo ezinhlotsheni zazo. Ngakho-ke, phakathi kwezitshalo ezinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu, kushiywe ibanga elingamasentimitha angama-28- 30, phakathi kokugeleza okuncane- amasentimitha angama-18-20, naphakathi kokugeleza okukhulu - amasentimitha angama-23-25. Nisela izithombo kahle, bese udlulisa kanye nomhlabathi emithonjeni.
Izitshalo ezitshaliwe kufanele ziniselwe, kanti inhlabathi engaphezulu kufanele ifafazwe nge-mulch (humus noma peat). Usuku lokuqala ngemuva kokufika, kufanele umthunzi we-petunia kusuka elangeni eliqondile ngosizo lwamabhokisi amakhadibhodi noma nge-canopy ekhethekile.
