Ingadi yezimbali (I-Leucojum) - uhlobo lwezitshalo zomndeni wakwa-Amaryllis (Amaryllidaceae) Igama lesiLatin engadini yezimbali livela kumagama esiGreek athi 'leucos' - ubisi, amhlophe kanye no- 'ion' - i-violet, futhi akhombisa umbala wezimbali; ekuqaleni yabizwa ngokuthi yi-'ucucion '- i-violet emhlophe.
Indawo okwazalelwa kuyo lesi sitshalo esihle yiCentral Europe, iMedithera, iTurkey, ne-Iran. Izimbali ezimhlophe ziyizitshalo ezingama-herbaceous zisetshenziswa kuze kube ngama-40 cm amade, ziyaqhakaza entwasahlobo nasehlobo. Amaqabunga ezimbali ezimhlophe aqondile, aboshwe ngebhande (2-4), avela njalo kanye nezimbali. Izimbali ziba zodwa noma zise-inflorescence ezincane, ezinomdlandla, zibunjiwe bell, kufinyelela ku-3 cm ubude, zimhlophe noma zipinki zinendawo eluhlaza okotshani noma ophuzi endaweni ephezulu yamaphayini. Izithelo zembali emhlophe yibhokisi elinamanzi. Imbewu i-oblong noma eyindilinga, kwesinye isikhathi ngesithasiselo esinamanzi, simnyama noma sikhanyayo nsundu. Ama bulidi yi-ovoid, 3-5 cm ukuphakama kanye ne-2-4 cm ububanzi, embozwe ngezikali ezinsundu noma eziluhlaza okotshani. Izimo ezikhulayo zeziqhwa zeqhwa nezimbali ezimhlophe ziyefana.
Ingadi yezimbali intwasahlobo. © Hedwig StorchIzimbali ezimhlophe ziye zathandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabalimi. Ezindaweni eziningi, aze adlule emapaki nasezivandeni aye emvelweni, aye ezindaweni angakakhuli nakancane kuzo. Leli qiniso lisivumela ukuthi sibheke ingadi yezimbali njenge-neophyte, i.e., isitshalo esisabalale muva nje.
Ingadi yezimbali yasentwasahlobo kanye namakhwele. © Maja DumatIzici zezimbali ezimhlophe ezikhulayo
Indawo: Izimbali ezimhlophe zithanda umthunzi oyingxenye.
Inhlabathi: inhlabathi enothile, enamanzi amaningi, enamanzi amaningi, enomswakama eduze kwezihlahlana namachibi. Lapho ulungiselela indawo yokukhula u-anyanisi omncane wokudonsa amanzi, kufakwa inhlabathi emfuleni noma emthini. Inhlabathi engeyinhle iyathuthukiswa ngokufakwa komquba obolile, kepha hhayi okusha, inhlabathi enamaqabunga nesihlabathi. Uma i-peat isetshenziswa njengesengezo se-organic, khona-ke kufanele futhi ukuthi ijikelezwe, mhlawumbe nge-lime, ngoba izimbali ezimhlophe azithandi inhlabathi enobuthi.
Ukufakelwa: Isikhathi esingcono kakhulu sokuthenga nokutshala ama-whiteflower bulbs nguJulayi-Septhemba, lapho izitshalo seziphumule. Nge ekwindla ende futhi efudumele, isikhathi esivunyelwe sokutshala imbali emhlophe sisuka kuze kube sekupheleni kukaNovemba. Emakethe yama-amateur, izimbali ezimhlophe zivame ukuthengiswa eziqhakaza, ezingalungile kakhulu kuzo: ngokushesha nje ngemuva kokutshala, amaqabunga ayabuna, aphenduke aphuzi bese afa ngokuphelele. Kepha isibabule esinamandla, yize sibuthakathaka, siyaphila. Kuliqiniso, ngonyaka olandelayo izitshalo ezinjalo ziyaqhakaza buthaka noma zingaqhakaza, kodwa nokho azife.
Lapho uthenga ama-white flower bulbs, qiniseka ukuthi uhlola isimo sawo. Kufanele zibe mnene futhi zibe nesisindo, ngamagobolondo alondoloziwe, ngaphandle kwezimpande neziqu ezihlanganisiwe. Kodwa-ke, izimpande kanye neziqu ezikhulayo namanje zivunyelwe, isibani esinjalo kuphela okufanele sitshalwe ngokuphuthumayo. Ukuncishiswa ku-bulb kuyamukeleka, kepha kuse esikalini kuphela. Ama-Donets akufanele alimale, futhi kufanele kuqinisekiswe ukuthi amanxeba awomile futhi awathinteki ekubunjweni.
Ngisho nama-bulbs apex acutshisiwe (izingxenye ezingenhla zesikali), kepha i-donut engaqondile nezinso, ziyaqhubeka zisebenza. Akudingekile ukuthenga ama kuphela ephukile futhi imibimbi engadini yezimbali. Izindawo ezithambile ezansi noma ezinhlangothini, ikakhulukazi igobolondo elihlikiwe, zibonisa ukubola. Ama bulb abolile cishe akunakwenzeka ukuthi welaphe.
Ama-bulbs awabekezeleleki futhi omiswe isikhathi eside. Kungcono ukungazigcini emoyeni isikhathi esingaphezu kwenyanga, futhi uma kungenzeki ukuthi uzitshale, bese uzithululela ngokhuni, ukushefa, njll, uzifake esikhwameni sepulasitiki esine-cosmetical. Ngale ndlela, bavame ukudayiswa futhi bagcinelwe izinyanga ezingama-2-3. Amabhule atshalwe njengomthetho ojwayelekile: enhlabathini evulekile ekujuleni okulingana nezinhlamvu ezimbili, emhlabathini osindayo kuya ekujuleni kwalowo. Kepha kunoma yikuphi, hhayi okuncane kuno-5 cm. Ngokuvamile, ukugcinwa okuqinile kokujula kokutshala kwama-anyanisi amancane akudingekile. Ngokuma nje okushonile emhlabathini, ama-bulbs eba mancane, kepha akha izingane ngenkuthalo, futhi lapho ujule, eba mkhulu.
Ingadi yezimbali ihlobo. © Radek SzubanUmnakekeli
Ukudluliselwa kwengadi yezimbali kuyadingeka njalo eminyakeni engama-5-6. Ngesikhathi sokukhula okusebenzayo kwengadi yezimbali, kufakwa umanyolo wezinto ezingamanzi. Umanyolo onokuqukethwe kwe-nitrogen ephezulu akumele. Kungcono uma bezoba ne-potassium nama-phosphates amaningi. Inani elikhulu le-nitrogen lidala ukwakheka ngokweqile kwamaqabunga, okuthi esimweni sezulu esimanzi kube yisisekelo sezifo zokukhunta. IPotassium nayo inomthelela ekwakhekeni kwama-bulbs anempilo, ebusika kanye ne-phosphorus abalulekile ikakhulukazi ekuqhakazeni izimbali.
Ngesikhathi sokukhula okusebenzayo, u-anyanisi omncane uphuza amanzi amaningi. Imvelo ivame ukunikeza ukuthambisa okwanele ngesikhathi esifanele, kodwa uma ubusika bungashisi iqhwa noma intwasahlobo isomile, kuyofanele unisele insimu yezimbali kumhlwanyeli ngokwakhe. Ukunisela u-anyanisi omncane akuwona umsebenzi onzima kakhulu, bamelana nesomiso futhi ngeke bafe nganoma yisiphi isimo. Khula kuphela ophansi. Ngemuva kokuqoqa imbewu, ungakhohlwa ngazo. Ngokuzayo, anyanisi amancane awadingi ukunakekelwa kuze kube kuphela isizini. Kodwa-ke, bayakwazi ukuhlwanyela imbewu ngokwayo. Ngakho-ke kuqala ukwenziwa kwesimo.
Yonke imisebenzi enamabhulebhu - ukufakelwa, ukuthengisa, ukuhlukanisa "izidleke" (amaqembu ezinhlamvu ahlobene) - kwenziwa lapho izitshalo seziphumule, ngoJulayi-Septhemba. Izinhlamvu ezembiwe engadini yezimbali zomile kancane, zihlanzwe izimpande ezindala nezikali ezimbi. Ukulimala kwemishini kufafazwa ngomlotha, abagulayo bayaliwa.
Ingadi yezimbali ihlobo. © Hans BernhardUkusakazeka kwengadi yezimbali
Ukusakazeka kusakazwa ngokusakazwa nangembewu.
Ama-petals asatshalaliswa kahle yizingane - ama-bulbs endodakazi, akhiwa kusuka kuma-buds ahleli kuma-axils wesikali. Imvamisa, anyanisi 1-2 akhiwa ngesizini ngayinye. Ungasheshisa ukukhiqizwa kabusha uma utshala isibani sikamama sentyatyambo emhlophe engajulile, ngaphansi kobuso uqobo. Ngemuva kwalokho kuvela okuncane, kodwa nezingane eziningi. "Izidleke" - amaqembu ezinhlamvu ahlobene - atshalwa lapho akhula kakhulu, ngemuva kweminyaka engu-5-7.
Ungasakaza ingadi yezimbali kanye nembewu. Kepha imbewu ihlwanyelwa ngokushesha ngemuva kokuvunwa, esimweni esibi kunazo zonke ekwindla, ngoba ziyafa ngesikhathi sokugcinwa. Kuhlwanyelwa ehlobo noma ekwindla ukuze imbewu eluhlaza iphathwe ngamazinga aphansi ekwindla nasentwasahlobo - i-stratification. Ukucutshungulwa okunjalo kuyadingeka ekuthuthukisweni kwabo okujwayelekile. Kungcono ukuhlwanyela izimbali ezimhlophe emabhodweni noma emabhokisini ukuze amahlumela amancane angalahlwa. Ukuvikela ukuvikela ukhula, amabhokisi ambozwe ngefilimu ekhethekile, eqinisekisa ukuthi awapheli. Ungayimboza nge-spanbond emnyama noma uyifafaze nge-roundup, kepha, yiqiniso, kuphela lapho amaqabunga ezithombo ese efile ngokuphelele. Izithombo eziqhakaza izimbali ziyaqhakaza unyaka we-6-7.
Ingadi yezimbali intwasahlobo. © UGuido Globalor ModjibUkusetshenziswa kwengadi yezimbali ekuklameni
Ingadi yezimbali isetshenziselwa umhlobiso wokuqala wezimbali wasentwasahlobo, kanye nama-primroses, spans, peons, for cut andforfor. Izingadi zezimbali, ikakhulukazi ingadi yezimbali zasehlobo, zingumhlobiso omuhle kakhulu osebeni lwamachibi namachibi amancane.
Izinhlobo zeStrawberry
Ingadi yezimbali yasentwasahlobo - Leucojum vernum.
Kwenzeka ngemvelo emaphethelweni ehlathi le-beech elisentabeni ye-Central Europe, kufaka phakathi amaCarpathians.
Ingadi yezimbali yasentwasahlobo - ebanzi kakhulu ingafinyelela ku-20 cm. I-bulb i-ovoid ifinyelela ku-2 cm ngaphesheya. Amacembe abanzi-lanceolate afinyelela ku-25 cm ubude, yi-1,2 cm ububanzi. Ukusakazeka kuze kufike ku-30 cm ubude. Izimbali azishintshiwe noma zibhangqiwe, kumakhwela amade amade, eneqabunga eliqhakaza phansi, kumhlophe, kuyaconsa, kunephunga elimnandi. Ama-petals anemibala eluhlaza noma ephuzi. Ukuqhakaza kwentwasahlobo kusuka ezinsukwini ezingama-Ephreli 20-30. Izithelo ziyigobolondo elinamanzi, cishe neliyindilinga, elinesidleke ezintathu. Ngokwesiko kusukela ngo-1420. Inezinhlobonhlobo, ngokwesibonelo, iCarpathicum (Carpaticum), enkulu kunefomu yasendle, futhi inamabala aphuzi emaphayini.
I-petal yasehlobo - Leucojum a festivalum.
Ikhula endle eNtshonalanga Yurophu, eMedithera, eCrimea, eNtshonalanga Transcaucasia, e-Asia Minor naseNtshonalanga Asia. Ukulungiselela indawo yokuhlala emanzi eyengeziwe: amasimu akhungethwe yizikhukhula, imifula yemifula.
Imbali yehlobo ingumqobelo onamandla wokuqina ongama-40 cm. Ihamba ifike ku-30 cm ubude, iluhlaza okotshani. Qeqesha kuze kufike ku-40 cm amade. Izimbali 3-10 ziqoqiwe kwisambulela esimise okwembumbulu, i-drooping inflorescence. Ukuqhakaza kwehlobo kusuka engxenyeni yesibili kaMeyi cishe izinsuku ezingama-20. Ngokwesiko kusukela ngo-1588.
Phambilini, ezinye izinhlobo zezitshalo ezazimiliselwe ohlwini oluzimele lomndeni wakwa-Amaryllis nazo zifakiwe kuhlobo lweBelotsentnik. Uhlobo lolo lubizwa nge-Acis, kepha abaningi bayaqhubeka nokubiza izimbali ngezimbali ezimhlophe.Izinhlobo okuthiwa zeMedithera ngezazo.
- I-Acis (i-whiteflower) enoboya (Acis trichophylla),
- I-Acis (i-whiteflower) eyenziwe yaqinaAcis longifolia),
- I-Acis (i-whiteflower) i-Tingitansky (Acis tingitana), - okungajwayelekile futhi okuhle kakhulu.
Futhi izinhlobo zezimbali eziqhakaza ukwindla: I-Acis (i-whiteflower) ekwindla (Acis autumnalis) ne-Acis (i-whiteflower) epinki (Acis rosea),, eyaziwa ngohlobo lwezitshalo zaseNtshonalanga Yurophu, ayikalinywa eCentral Russia. Ingadi yezimbali yasekwindla ifinyelela ku-12 cm ukuphakama, ukuqhakaza ngoSepthemba, izimbali zimhlophe ngamabala aluhlaza emaphethelweni wezipals. Ikhula emvelweni enesihlabathi esomile noma emadwaleni, kwesinye isikhathi ezigungwini ezisogwini. Ngokwesiko, izitshalo ezinjalo zihlupheka umswakama ngokweqile ngesikhathi sokuphumula, ehlobo nasekwindla, futhi zidinga indawo yokukhosela emvuleni noma yomile ngalesi sikhathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, eRussia bangabamba iqhwa.
I-Acis (i-whiteflower) ekwindla. © Sten PorseIzifo Nezinambuzane
Isinambuzane izinambuzane
Amagundane kanye nezimvukuzane. Bangalimaza ama bulb ngokumba imigodi yabo ngaphansi komhlaba. Amagundane, ngaphezu kwalokho, angavele aqhumise ama-bulbs ezimhlophe ngokuphelele emiseleni yawo. Amabhulebhu alinyazwa ngamagundane kwesinye isikhathi abola, njengoba kufakazelwa ukukhula okubuthaka kanye nokubonakala okucindezelayo kwesitshalo entwasahlobo. Ngemuva kwalokho ama-bulbs ayambiwa ngaphandle futhi anqume izingxenye ezibolile, afafaze le ndawo elimele ngomlotha bese ishiywe ivulekile amahora amaningi ukomisa inxeba. Ungazivikela kumagundane uma ungashiyi amasobho otshani noma amakhethini waphakade kude ne-3 m ukusuka emibhedeni, lapho la magundane engahlala khona. Ngaphezu kwama-3 m amagundwane awasuki esidlekeni. Uma ilungiselelo elinjalo le-landings lingenakwenzeka, kuzodingeka ukuthi ubeke izicupho. Okwezimvukuzane - ngokuya ngemiyalo, kumagundane ezemifino - ngeheji yemifino.
Amaqhubu Butterfly nezimfene zabo. Amacimbi acwebezelayo ampunga amnyama wezimvemvane ze-scoop nawo onakalisa inqwaba yesimbali esimhlophe. Zitholakala futhi ziqoqwe ekwindla, ngesikhathi ukhula, lapho zilungiselela ukubhula.
Slug. Ngaphansi kwama-slugs angahlala ezinhlabathini ezinothile noma ezisindayo zobumba. Ukuze ubasuse, kuyadingeka lapho utshala ukuzungeza isibani sezimbali ezimhlophe ngesendlalelo sesihlabathi esihle noma usebenzise ikhambi elikhethekile lama-slugs.
Bulode nematode. Lesi isibungu esincane esincanyana kakhulu esihlala emhlabathini kanye nezingxenye ezifile zezitshalo. Kungathinta nama-bulbs bukhoma. Kuvela izimbotshana eziphuzi emaphethelweni asesemaphethelweni wesakhiwo esingajwayelekile, indandatho emnyama iyabonakala ekuthambeni kwe-bulb, ihlukanisa ingxenye ephilile nengxenye ethintekile. Kulokhu, izitshalo ezinesifo ziyachithwa, zonke ezinye ziyakumbiwa bese zimanzi amahora angama-3-4 emanzini ashisayo afudumele: 40-45 ° C. Futhi endaweni engenalutho, iminyaka elandelayo engu-4-5, ama-bulbs awatshalwa.
Ingadi yezimbali intwasahlobo. © AnitaIzifo zeStella
Amagciwane. Kuphuzi okuphuzi, okuluhlaza okukhanyayo emaqabungeni asendaweni engalingani, engaphezulu enesithako noma ukusonteka kwawo okungekhona okungokwemvelo kukhombisa ukutheleleka ngamagciwane. Kungcono ukusheshe ubhubhise isitshalo esithintekile ngaphambi kokuba sibe ngumthelela wokutheleleka kwabanye. Kepha, njengomthetho, amagciwane awangeni ezinhlanyelweni, ngakho-ke ungavele uphulukise izinhlobo ezithintekile ngokuzala kabusha.
Izifo zokukhunta. Amamaki ansundu noma amnyama emaqabungeni, amaqabunga angwevu ophuzi we-plaque ajwayele ukuvela esimweni sezulu esifudumele futhi esimanzi ezingeni lomhlabathi, bese esukuma ephakeme futhi akhula, akhombisa ukubonakala kwesifo sokukhunta: ukugqwala kanye nokubumba okungwevu. Izingxenye ezithintekile kufanele zinqunywe futhi zishiswe, futhi izitshalo ezinesifo kufanele ziphathwe ngama-fungicides ngokushesha okukhulu ngokuya ngemiyalo.
I-Chlorosis. Ukuphuzi kwamaqabunga kuvame ukubangelwa ukulimala kwe-bulb, ukugula, ukudonsa kahle kwezimo noma izimo ezikhulayo, hhayi ukuntuleka kwanoma yikuphi umsoco emhlabathini.
Inganekwane yengadi yezimbali
“Kwake kwenzeka isikhashana, unkulunkulu onamandla athandana nentombazane yasemhlabeni. Kepha ubuhle babungelutho futhi benqaba ubufani bokubusa kwasezulwini kaninginingi. Isithandwa esingesihle siphelelwa yithemba ngokuphelele, kodwa-ke umbono wawela emqondweni wakhe: ngokukhohlisa le ntombazane efwini futhi ifakazele ukuthi uma evuma ukuba ngumkakhe, umhlaba uyohlala usezinyaweni zakhe. Ebusuku, uNkulunkulu wangena phakathi esibayeni, wahola inkomo yesithandwa sakhe waya ehlathini, futhi wayala imimoya ukuba imqaphe. Ekuseni intombazane yahamba iyosengwa futhi yathuka lapho isithola okungekho. Ekhala kakhulu, waphunyuka esigangeni. Futhi-ke unkulunkulu omuhle wehla ngefu. Umeme ukuthi ahambe naye emoyeni: kusuka phezulu umbono omuhle wehlathi uzovuleka, futhi impela bayothola inkomo elahlekile. Intombazane yavuma. Kepha kwathi lapho nje ifu lindizela emoyeni, nobuhle bebona ukuthi umhlaba ulele ezinyaweni zakhe, wakhohlwa ukucabanga ngenkomo yakhe, wazibona elingana nonkulunkulu.
Ebona ukuthi amakhabethe amaningana emi emgqeni wefu, waqala wanyakazisa okuqukethwe kwabo emhlabathini. Okokuqala, inkungu yawela phansi, kwase kuba imvula yasehlobo. Futhi ngokuzumayo uNkulunkulu wabona ngokwesabekayo ukuthi intombazane iphethe ibhokisi leqhwa ezandleni zayo. “Cha!” Wakhala wathi, “Myeke, phela sekusentwasahlobo manje!” Kepha ubuhle, behleka kamnandi, baphenduka ibhokisi leli libheke phansi. Isithwathwa sindiza njengomhlambi wezimpukane ezimhlophe. Ngomzuzu wokugcina, lapho amakhethini eqhwa ethinta umhlaba, uNkulunkulu wakwazi ukuguqula izimbali ezimhlophe ezintekenteke. Intombazane yathukuthela ukuthi uchoko lwayo ayiphumelelanga, unkulunkulu othukuthele wathi: "Cha, sithandwa, ngeke uze ube yinkosikazi yezulu. Qhubeka ukondla izinkomo." Futhi kusukela lapho, njengesikhumbuzo sobuqili bobuhle obungaqhakaza, imbali emhlophe iqhakaza emhlabathini ngamashumi amabili kaMeyi. "
