Isikhathi esingakanani idada lihlala kumaqanda lithinteka ekuzaleni kwalo nosayizi weqanda. Uma kuqhathaniswa nenkukhu, amaqanda edada akhulu ngokubonakalayo. Isisindo esilinganiselwe senkukhu sifinyelela ku-58 g, kanye naleyo yedada 80 g. Futhi ziqukethe inani elikhulu lamafutha, ngenxa yokuthi amaqanda angakushisa ngokushesha. Kungakho ukususwa ngempumelelo kwamachwane, kubalulekile ukugcina umbuso wokushisa ofanele kanye namaphesenti omswakama.
Kuze kube nini amaqanda amadada wezinhlobo ezihlukile zohlobo lwezinkukhu
Mangakhi amade amadada ahlala emaqandeni awo - izinhlobo eziningi zale nyoni kusuka ezinsukwini ezingama-26 kuye kwezingama-28. I-Peking - kusuka ku-27 kuye ku-29, musky - izinsuku ezingama-30- 36.
EBeijing, imvelo yokususa amaphuphu ayakhiwa kahle, ngakho-ke akuvamile ukuba ibambe. Esikhundleni salokho, zisebenzisa amadada ezinye izinhlobo, noma izinkukhu, goose noma turkeys.
Inani lamaqanda abekwe ngokuya ngosayizi wenyoni. Ukusuka ku-9 kuya ku-11 ama-PC. Afakwa ngaphansi kwenkukhu, ama-pcs ayi-11 - 15. Ngaphansi kwesigaxa, ama-pcs ayi-17-19. Uma kubanda kakhulu ngaphandle, mane ubeke amaqanda ayi-2-3.
Duck yangaphakathi noma idada le-musky
Idada le-musky lihlala izinsuku ezingaki - kusuka ezinsukwini ezingama-30 kuye kwezingama-36. Inani lamaqanda aqandisiwe lisuka kuma-12 liye kwangama-20 ama-PC.
Ngaphambi kwalokho, ngaphambi kokuba idada lihlale phansi, kuyadingeka ukwandisa ingxenye yokuphakelwa okunikezwe lona, futhi nokubuka irejimeni yokudla ngesikhathi sokufakwa.
AmaNdiya aqala ukuhamba ngezinyawo ngasekupheleni kobusika. Uma idada lidonsa ngaphandle, lizame ukuhlala endaweni eyodwa, kulapho-ke ilungiselela ukuhlala emaqanda. Ngokuvamile lokhu kwenzeka ngasekupheleni kukaMashi noma ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli. Isidleke sedada sifakwe endaweni ethule futhi imnyama. Amaqanda aqala ukuthwala abantu asebefinyelele ezinyangeni eziyisithupha ubudala noma ngaphezulu. Zithwalwa izinyanga ezingama-3-5, emva kwalokho ziphele. Lapho nje ukuqothulwa sekuqediwe, cishe amasonto ayi-12 ayajaha futhi.
Ezinsukwini zokuqala zokuqhanyelwa, i-indochka icishe ihlala emaqanda ayo. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze umbungu uqale ukukhula ngokugcwele. Ngakho-ke, okuphakelayo nophuzayo kubekwa eduze ngangokunokwenzeka esidlekeni. Kuyadingeka nokuba nethangi lokugeza, ngoba kudingeka amanzi ukumanzisa amaqanda.
Amaphesenti amachwane amadada aqhekekile ngokwemvelo akhuliswa ngokwedlula aphakeme kunokuthi uma eboshwe ku-incubator.
Amaqanda angenamanyolo aphonswa ngaphandle esidlekeni ngokwawo. Akukhathaleki ukuthi i-duck selivele liqandwe amaqanda isikhathi esingakanani, lihlala kuze kube yilapho sekuqedile ukubekwa kwamachwane. Ukuze amaphesenti wamantshontsho aqanjiwe abe ngaphezulu, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa lawo maqanda asalele amasonto ama-2 ukuba abambe. Ngasikhathi sinye, kufanele zigcinwe ekushiseni kwe- + 8 ° C kuya ku- + 15 ° C endaweni evundlile, futhi kuguqulwe nsuku zonke.
I-Mulard
Ukuthola amaphuphu we-mullard, uzodinga ukuwela idada le-Peking nge-drake ye-Indo duck. Ekufukelweni, amaqanda aqoqwe ngeviki eli-1 asetshenziswa. Ama-mullards angahoxiswa ku-incubator nangendlela yemvelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, indlela yokugcina isebenza ngempumelelo, iphesenti elikhulu lamachwane liyasinda, kwesinye isikhathi lifinyelela ngisho naku-100%. Ku-incubator, ukulahleka kungafinyelela ku-40%. Akunamaqanda angaphezu kwe-15 abekwe ngaphansi komuntu oyedwa. Ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-10, zihlolwa ne-ovoscope ukuthola ukuthi zonakele yini.
Izici zokususwa kwamachwane ku-incubator
Ngokufakwa, amantshontsho amadada asebenzisa amaqanda aneminyaka yobudala beviki, kepha hhayi emdala, ngaphandle kwamaqanda ezinyoni ezi-musky.
Ngaphambi kokubeka i-batch enkulu, kufanele uhlole ukuthi idivaysi ifudumeza umoya ngokushesha kangakanani nokuthi kugcina isikhathi eside kangakanani ukufudumeza. Kungcono ukuzama ukuthola amadada ambalwa nje.
Ngaphambi kokubeka isishushubezi, udinga ukukhetha ngokucophelela lokho okuqukethwe. Amaqanda anqatshwa kanye nobubi obulandelayo:
- ifomu elingelona elijwayelekile;
- ngeziqu;
- ungcoliswe kakhulu;
- ngesikhunta;
- imifantu.
Uma ungasusi ukungcola, khona-ke igobolondo ukutheleleka kungangena ngaphakathi, ngenxa yokuthi umbungu uzofa ngokushesha. Onke amaqanda adonsela phansi kufanele aphathwe ngesisombululo esibuthakathaka se-potassium permanganate kusetshenziswa isiponji noma isifutho sokufafaza ukuwasabalalisa magciwane nokususa ukungcola okuncane. Kepha kungcono ukungavumeli ukungcola, kepha ukugcina okucekeceke nokuhlanzayo kuhlale kumile.
Amaqanda amadada wohlobo lwe-musky zohlobo oluhlaza abekwa emathrebeni endaweni evundlile.
Ngesikhathi seviki lokuqala kusukela ngesikhathi sokubekwa, umbungu uthuthukisa uhlelo lokujikeleza kwezitho nezitho zomzimba, ngakho-ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi kuqinisekiswe ukufudumala okwanele ngalesi sikhathi. Izinga lokushisa kufanele okungenani libe ngu-+ 38 ° C, umswakama u-70%. Guqula amaqanda okungenani izikhathi ezine ngosuku. Esontweni lesibili, kwakhiwa amathambo. Ngalesi sikhathi, izinga lokushisa lehliswa kancane laya ku-37.8 ° C, futhi umswakama ubuye wehliselwe ku-60%. Guqula izikhathi ezingaphezu kuka-4-6 ngosuku.
Esontweni lesithathu, izinga lokushisa kanye nomswakama kuhlala okufanayo, kepha amahlandla ambalwa ngosuku amaqanda aqumbeka imizuzu eyi-15 kuya ngasikhathi sinye, ngokwesibonelo, ngo-8 ekuseni nakusihlwa. Ngemuva kokupholisa (ngemuva kwemizuzu engu-15) afafazwa kusuka ekufafaza ngesisombululo esibuthakathaka se-potanganum permanganate, kuyilapho amazinga okushisa amaqanda kufanele ehle afike ku-+ 28-30 ° С. Ngemuva kwalokho baphinde bafutheke. I-incubator kufanele ifinyelele ekushiseni okuphezulu kungakapheli isigamu sehora (esiphezulu).
Umbungu uvela ngezinsuku ezingama-26- 28 (ngokuya ngohlobo lokuzalela). Esifukameleni, amaphuphu aqhekeka inqobo nje uma amadada ehleli emaqanda awo. Amazinga okushisa kulesi sigaba ancishiswa abe ngu- + 37 ° C, futhi umswakama, okuphambene nalokho, ukhuphuka kakhulu waba ngu-90% ukuze igobolondo lithambe futhi kulula ngamachwane ukuphuma. Akunasidingo sokuvula ngaphezulu.
Ukuphonsa inani elikhulu lamaqanda, kungcono ukuthenga amathreyi ngokujikeleza okuzenzakalelayo.
Amaqanda anconywa ukuba ahlolwe i-ovoscope njalo ezinsukwini eziyi-7. Ngenxa ye-incubator, amaphuphu angabanjwa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka futhi ngamanani amakhulu, futhi asikho isidingo sokwesaba ukuthi izingane zawo zizowashiya ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
Kuya ngokuthi ingxenye yokondla isizalo seqanda ngesikhathi sokulala kweqanda ibingakanani, ukuthi amaqanda wedada angafaka isikhathi esingakanani kuncike ekutheni ayondla kangakanani. Uma okuphakelayo bekungaphansi, imibungu ikhula kancane, ngakho-ke iyabopha kamuva futhi ibe buthakathaka futhi incane.
