Tshala njengo isithokothoko (Passiflora) ubizwa nangokuthi "inkanyezi ye-cavalier" noma "i-passionflower". Kuhlobene ngqo nohlobo lwesifiso somndeni, lapho kufundwa khona izinhlobo ezingama-400-500 zezitshalo ezahlukahlukene. Zitholakala ngemvelo ezindaweni ezishisayo zaseMelika (Peru naseBrazil), e-Australia, e-Asia, naseMedithera. Izinhlobo ezi-1 ze-passionflower zingabonakala eMadagascar. IPassiflora yakheka kumagama esiLatini athi "passio" - ukuhlupheka kanye no "flos" - imbali. Ngakho-ke, babiza imbali, ezafika eNingizimu Melika, izithunywa zevangeli zokuqala, ngoba zazicabanga ukuthi lesi sitshalo siwuphawu lokuhlupheka kukaJesu Kristu. Igama lesibili "i-passionflower" nalo lihlotshaniswa nalokhu:
Ngalobo busuku lapho igazi likaKristu lalithulula
(Abantu banenganekwane ngalokhu) -
Ivele yaqhakaza esithunzini sesiphambano
Futhi ngenxa yalokho ibizwa ngokuthi imbali yothando.
Incazelo yePassiflora
Le mbali ingaba yisitshalo se-herbaceous noma isihlahla esihlala sikhula njalo. Lesi sitshalo saminyaka yonke noma sonyaka seledlule sinezimpondo ezigqamile. Amacembe aluhlaza aluhlaza angaqina noma alayishwe. Emigudwini emide, kunezimbali ezinkulu zama-axillary efomu elimile ngenkanyezi, ezinombala okhanyayo, ziyakhula. Ububanzi bentyatyambo emangalisa kangako ngamasentimitha ayi-10. Imbali enjalo ifunda kahle ama-petals ayi-5 (ngokwesibalo samanxeba kaKristu), njengoba amathuna amaningi, kunamabraki amaningi impela, futhi phakathi nendawo kukhona isigaxa esinama-3 stigmas. Emaceleni kwama-ovari lawo kukhona impela ama-stamens ayi-5 anama-anthers kasayizi omkhulu ngokwanele. Izinhlobo eziningi zinezimbali ezinamakha kakhulu, kepha zibuna ngokushesha okukhulu. Njengomthetho, izimbali zibonwa ngoJulayi-Okthoba. Ngemuva kokuqhakaza, kwakheka izithelo, zifinyelele kubudeamasentimitha ayi-6. Ezinhlotsheni eziningi, izithelo ezinjalo zingadliwa. Lesi sitshalo sikhula ngokushesha okukhulu nangokuzenzakalelayo, ngakho-ke sithandwa kakhulu ngabatshali bezimbali abasikhulisa njenge-ampel.
Ukunakekelwa kwePassiflora ekhaya
Ukukhanyisa nokubekwa
Lesi sitshalo sidinga nje ukukhanyiswa okuhle. Ngakho-ke, kunconywa ukuyibeka kumawindi we-windowsill we-oriental yaseningizimu. Esikhathini esifudumele, uma kungenzeka, kufanele idluliselwe emoyeni omusha. Iqiniso ngukuthi i-passionflower ikhula kabi futhi ikhula egumbini elinomoya omnandi omile. Kodwa-ke, umuntu akufanele akhohlwe ukuthi lesi sitshalo siphenduka kabi kokubhaliwe noma ushintsho olubi lokushisa.
Imodi yokushisa
IPassiflora iphendula kahle ekushiseni ngokweqile. Ngakho-ke, ehlobo, zama ukuqikelela ukuthi izinga lokushisa egumbini alidluli ama-30 degrees. Ebusika, lesi sitshalo sinesikhathi sokuwa, lapho kumele siphinde sihlelwe khona endaweni lapho amazinga okushisa engeqi ku-10-14 degrees.
Ungaphuzisa kanjani
Kuyadingeka ukunisela isitshalo ngokuhlelekile, ngenkathi ulinde ukomiswa kwenhlabathi akufanele. Kodwa-ke, uketshezi olwedlulele olungasetwa ingilazi epanini.
Umswakama
Kudingeka umswakama omkhulu. Ukuze wenze lokhu, amahlamvu kufanele abe oswakanyuswayo nsuku zonke kusuka kufafaza ngalo kusihlwa, futhi kanye ngesonto ukuhlela indawo eshisayo yesitshalo (kuphela ezinyangeni zasehlobo ezishisayo), ngenkathi le nqubo yenziwa ngokucophelela ukuze kungonakalisi amahlumela abuthaka.
Izihlahla
Kuyadingeka ukwenza izihlahla minyaka yonke. Lokhu kuvusa ukukhula kwehlathi kanye namagatsha amasha. Entwasahlobo, 1/3 yeziqu ezedlule zonyaka odlule kufanele zisikwe ku-1/3, ngoba izimbali zivela kuphela amahlumela amasha. Futhi ehlobo, amahlumela akhula ngaphansi kwesitshalo kufanele asuswe. Lapho i-passiflora ibuna, kuzodingeka ukunquma izindebe ezinde, eziyimpandla, neziyisisekelo ezonakalisa ukubukeka kwesihlahla. Iziqu ezisele kufanele zisikwe ku-¾ ubude bazo. Udinga ukuqala ukuthena izihlahla ngemuva kokuba isitshalo sifinyelela eminyakeni emi-3 ubudala.
Umanyolo
Esikhathini esisuka kuNhlolanja kuya kuSeptemba, udinga ukusondla isitshalo izikhathi ezi-2 njalo ngenyanga. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa umanyolo we-organic namaminerali ngenkathi uwondla ngendlela ehlukile. Umanyolo usetshenziswa kuphela ngemuva kokuthambisa okumanzi kwe-substrate. Umanyolo kumele ukhethwe ngesilinganiso esinjalo sezinto N-P-K = 10-5-20. Kunconywa isikhathi esingu-1 ezinyangeni eziyi-1.5 ukusuka ku-Ephreli kuya kuSepthemba ukondla imbali ngendlela engavinjwanga. Akunakwenzeka ukumanzisa imbali uma igula, phakathi nesikhathi sokuphumula noma ngemuva kokudluliselwa kwayo endaweni enezimo ezingajwayelekile.
Isikhathi sokuphumula
Ukuze kube nokuqhakaza okuningana futhi okuhlala isikhathi eside, lesi sitshalo sidinga nje isikhathi esishisayo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, imbiza kufanele ihlelwe kabusha endaweni epholile enziwe kahle, isibonelo, kwi-loggia efudumele noma ku-veranda. Ngalesi sikhathi, akudingekile ukukhanyisa, ukufaka umquba noma ukufofaza imbali. Ukuchelela kufanele kube yindlala futhi kuncane. Ungakhathazeki uma amaqabunga ambalwa ewa, ngoba lokhu kujwayelekile impela. Uma kungenzeki ukuhlinzeka lesi sitshalo ubusika obupholile, ngeke bakwazi ukusibekezelela futhi basinakekele, njengasesikhathini esifudumele. Kodwa-ke, kulokhu, cishe amahlamvu azoba aphuzi futhi aqale ukufa, futhi lokhu kuy inqubo yemvelo ngokuphelele.
Izici Ezikhulayo
Ukuze amahlumela alesi sitshalo, kubalulekile ukuhlinzeka ukwesekwa eqinile. Kulokhu, udinga ukuthumela njalo iziqu endaweni odingayo. Lokhu kufanele kwenziwe ngesikhathi esifanele, ngoba amahlumela akhula ngokushesha aqobisa ijubane eliphakeme kakhulu, futhi amaqabunga amaningi, ama-buds nezimbali kakhulu ziyabaphambanisa futhi zibenze babe nombala.
Ukufakelwa
Izinhlobo ezintsha zidinga ukufakelwa konyaka, futhi abantu abadala badinga ukufakelwa kanye njalo eminyakeni emi-2 noma emi-3. Le nqubo yenziwa ekuqaleni kwenkathi yentwasahlobo nangaphambi kwalokho, zonke iziqu zonyaka odlule empeleni zinqunywe. Umthamo wokutshala awusetshenziswa mkhulu kakhulu, ozohlinzeka ngezimbali ezinde neziningi. Ngaphandle kwalokho, kuphela isisindo esiluhlaza kuphela esizokhula ngokuqinile. Ingxube yomhlabathi efanelekile inamasheya alinganayo eqabunga, i-turf kanye nomhlaba we-peat, kanye nesihlabathi. Kuyadingeka ukufakelwa ngokudluliselwa, zama ukungabhubhisi i-coma yobumba.
Izifo nezinambuzane
Ama-aphid, ama-mealybugs, izimbuzane zesigcawu, ama-thrips noma ama-whiteflies angahlala kulesi sitshalo. Zonke izinambuzane ngaphandle kwama-mealybugs zingaqothulwa ngezindlela ezifana neFitoverm, Aktellik noma i-Aktar. Kusho nge-cypermethrin kuzosiza ukususa ama-mealybugs, ngokwesibonelo, "Emperor", "Arrivo" noma "Inta-vir".
IPassiflora isengozini yezifo ezahlukahlukene, ngakho-ke ingangenwa yileli gciwane: ukukhala, ukubulala amagciwane noma ukubala oku nsundu, ukulimaza sekwephuzile, isibazi, ukubola kwezimpande, igciwane le-fusarium noma i-yellow mosaic virus. Cishe akunakwenzeka ukwelapha izitshalo ezifweni ezinjalo. Kulokhu, ochwepheshe batusa ukuyonakalisa kanye nomthamo okhule ngawo, ukuvikela ukutheleleka kweminye imibala.
Izakhiwo
Isintu besenesikhathi eside sazi ngezakhiwo zokuphilisa zalesi sitshalo. Ngakho-ke, ama-Incas alungisa itiye nge-passionflower, ebinomphumela oqinile opholile. Izimali ezilungiselelwe kusuka ezimbali ezinjalo ngokuthinta umzimba ngomzimba zenza ukuthi ukulala kube ngcono futhi kube isikhathi eside, kanti ngemuva kokuvusa umuntu akazizwa angakhululeki.
Kodwa-ke, lesi sitshalo asigcini nje ngokuba nomthelela wokuyenga, sibuye sikhulule ama-spasms kanye nama-cramps, siqede ukuvuvukala, siyisidambisi esihle kakhulu, sithuthukisa amandla, inkumbulo kanye nokusebenza. Kunconyelwe ukwesaba nokuxaka. Le mbali uyakwazi ukunxenxa imiphumela ye-amphetamine emzimbeni, ngakho-ke isetshenziswa kaningi ekwelapheni ukuluthwa kotshwala nezidakamizwa.
Lesi sitshalo siyaziswa futhi ukuthi amalungiselelo alungiselelwe kuwo awanemiphumela emibi engathandeki, futhi nawo awumlutha. Zisetshenziselwa ukuphatha abantu banoma yiphi yobudala.
Izindlela zokuzala
IPassiflora ingasakazwa ngokusika noma imbewu.
Lapho kuhlwanyelwa imbewu, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ukuvuna okusha - kunamaphesenti amathathu okuhluma kokukhula, bese kuthi ngonyaka odlule - kube nephesenti elilodwa noma amabili. Ukuhlwanyelwa kwembewu kwenziwa ekupheleni kokuqala kobusika kwesikhathi sentwasahlobo. Isikali siyadingeka, ngoba lokhu ijazi lembewu lilinyazwa nge-sandpaper enhle. Ngemuva kwalokho athululelwa ngamanzi we-tepid cishe izinsuku ezi-2 (cishe ama-25 degrees). Imbewu eseleyo yokubhukuda kufanele isuswe, ngoba ayifani.
Hlwanyela imbewu ngaphezulu kwenhlabathi bese ucwilisa kancane kuyo. Ukuhluma kudinga umswakama ongu-100% Ukuze wenze lokhu, isitsha sivaliwe ngengilazi noma ngefilimu, faka indawo ekhanyiswe kahle (ukukhanya okonakele) futhi sigcine amazinga okushisa emazingeni angama-20 kuye kwangama-25. Ngemuva kokuhluma kwembewu, indawo yokukhosela kufanele isuswe, futhi izithombo zizodinga ukuvezwa okwengeziwe ukwenza amahora angama-12 wehora. Ngemuva kokuvela kwamaqabunga la, udinga ukukhetha. Zama ukushiya inhlama yobumba ingeneme futhi ungamjulisi isitshalo. Izithombo zingavela ezinyangeni eziyi-1 kuya phezulu ngemuva kokuhlwanyelwa, kanti isithombo sezinhlanyelo esinjalo sizoqala ukuqhakaza kungakapheli iminyaka eyi-8 kamuva.
Izicucu zenziwe ngeziqu ezisencane zasentwasahlobo. Kufanele babe nephuzu lokukhula kanye okungenani namabili amabili amapheshana. Amaqabunga, atholwe ngezansi, ahlukane. Isilayi kufanele siphathwe ku-ejenti evuselela izimpande. Ungqimba wokudonsa amanzi lwenziwa ethangini bese kuthi i-chernozem kanye ne-turf komhlaba kuthululelwe kuyo (1: 1). Ipensela lidinga ukwenza ukucindezelwa kuze kufike phansi kwethangi. Faka ukusika kuzo, ukuze amaqabunga aqhubeke ngenhla komhlaba (elele phezulu). Moisten the substrate bese wenza mini-greenhouse (amboze isakhiwo arched ngefilimu noma abeke esikhwameni sepulasitiki). Sidinga umoya wansuku zonke wemizuzu emihlanu, ugcina umhlaba usesimweni esimanzi, kanye nokushisa kwama-degrees angama-21. Ngemuva kwamasonto amathathu, indawo yokukhosela iyasuswa. Ama-cutways aqinisiwe adluliselwa kumabhodwe waphakade. I-Rooting nayo yenziwa embizeni yamanzi (ucezu lwamalahle kufanele lwehliselwe kulo). Faka isiqu bese ulindela ukuthi izimpande zivele cishe izinyanga eziyi-1.5-2. Ungaguquli amanzi.
Izinhlobo eziphambili
I-Edible Passiflora (Passiflora edulis)
Lokhu ukubuka okuthandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabalimi. Ekhaya, le mbali ibizwa nge- granadilla, futhi lokhu kuseParaguay, e-Argentina, e-Uruguay naseBrazil. Izimbali zidwetshwe ngombala omhlophe okhilimu. Izithelo eziyindilinga noma ze-ovoid ziyakhiwa, zifinyelela kubude bamasentimitha ayi-6 futhi zibe nephunga eliqinile nelimnandi. Zisetshenziselwa ukwenza iziphuzo namaswidi ahlukahlukene. Igama elaziwa kakhulu lalezi zinhlobo zezithelo.
I-Passiflora eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (Passiflora caerulea)
Lesi sitshalo sivame ukuvuthwa ekhaya. I-creeper ehlala ihlala inamahlumela anezimbali ezivuthayo. Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, kuvela izimbali ezinamakha angashadile. Anombala ophuzi, oluhlaza okotshani noma onsomi, futhi ubukhulu bawo buba amasentimitha ayi-10. Kunezinhlobonhlobo lapho izimbali zipendwe zibomvu noma zibomvana. Izithelo ibheli lewolintshi, elifinyelela ubude amasentimitha ayi-7. Isitshalo esinjalo sitholakala e-Andes (eningizimu ye-Argentina), eParaguay, eBrazil, kanye nasePeru. Lolu hlobo lwaqala ukukhula ngekhulu le-16.
I-Tender Passiflora (Passiflora mollissima)
Noma i-banana passiflora - etholakala ngokwemvelo eColombia, Bolivia naseVenezuela. Inezimbali eziphaphathekile eziphinki ezikhulu (ububanzi obungu-12 amasentimitha). Izithelo zinamanzi futhi zinamakha kakhulu, ekwakhiweni kwazo ngamanani amakhulu kukhona ama-organic acid. Lolu hlobo, ngokungafani nezinye, luyakwazi ukukhiqiza izithelo eziningi ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila. Lesi sitshalo esimelana nokubanda, esingesabi ukwehlisa izinga lokushisa libe ngu-2 degrees.
I-Passiflora laurelifolia (Passiflora laurifolia)
Izwe laseBrazil. Amaqabunga esitshalo esinjalo ayafana ne-laurel, kepha makhulu.
Passiflora incarnata
Kuphakathi kwe-red-red Studflower, futhi ibizwa nangokuthi i-apricot liana - ubude bayo bungaba amamitha ayi-6- 10. Izimbali zingapendwa ngemibala ehlukene, kepha umbala onsomi onsomi kakhulu. Izithelo eziphuzi zikalamula zimnandi impela futhi zine-acidity encane. Lolu hlobo lunezinto zokupholisa, ngokwesibonelo, itiye lokwelapha lilungiswa kusuka amahlumela omisiwe namaqabunga okuqwasha, i-neurosis, isithuthwane nezinye izifo.
Passiflora gracilis
Kwasekhaya iBrazil, lo nyaka unamahlumela we-cylindrical, amaqabunga abushelelezi obubanzi obunxantathu asakazeke ngokuhlukaniswa okuhlukaniswe ngamabala ama-3. Kunezimbali ezizodwa, ezidwetshwe ngombala omhlophe okotshani. Izithelo berry enezinhlamvu ezinemibala eminingi ebunjiwe ngombala obomvu nge-coral hue.
I-Passiflora emithathu-yomugqa (Passiflora trifasciata)
Uqhamuka ePeru futhi igama lakhe libonga imivimbo emi-3 ebubende eseceleni elingakwesobunxele bamahlamvu amathathu. Uhlangothi olungalungile lubomvu-ubomvu. Amahlumela abolile, bese izimbali zipendiwe ngombala oluhlaza okotshani noma omhlophe. Ngobubanzi, afinyelela amasentimitha amane noma amahlanu. Izithelo berry oluyindilinga oyindilinga, efinyelela amasentimitha ayi-2,5 ubude. Isitshalo salolu hlobo sinephunga elikhethekile elifana nama-lilacs.
I-Passiflora quadrangularis (Passiflora quadrangularis)
Lesi sitshalo esikhulu kunazo zonke i-passionflower. Iziqu zaso zingafinyelela kumamitha ayi-15 ubude. Amaqabunga angama-oval ngombala oluhlaza ojulile. Izimbali zinobukhulu obukhulu, zifinyelela kububanzi obungamasentimitha ayi-15. Izithelo ezinkulu zifinyelela amasentimitha angama-30 ubude futhi zinepulpiti elihlwabusayo kakhulu, elimnandi futhi elinamanzi, kanye nopele obukhulu obukhulu. Kodwa-ke, ekhaya, izithelo zivame kakhulu. Isitshalo salolu hlobo sizizwa singcono kakhulu ezindlini zokugcina izithombo.
Phezu kwezinhlobo ezishiwo, i-passionflower ekhulile ekhaya: ezinamaphiko, eziqhakaza ngokubomvu, eziguquguqukayo, ezinamabhulashi kanye ne-Imperatrice Eugenic hybrid, enezimbali ezinkulu ezibomvana.
