Naphezu komsuka ongaseningizimu we-apricot (i-Central Asia, iChina, i-Iran, iTranscaucasia, bese kuba yiGrisi, i-Italiya), lesi sitshalo sinamandla amakhulu okumelana nesithwathwa, ngoba sikhula emithambekeni eyomile yezintaba, lapho yavumelana khona nesithwathwa kanye nesomiso. Maphakathi nekhulu le-17, izihlahla eziningana zama-apricot zivela eYurophu zalethwa engadini yasebukhosini i-Izmailovsky, lapho zatshalwa khona. Futhi ngemuva kwamashumi amaningi eminyaka, ama-apricots atholakala ezingadini zezinsikazi eziningi, nasezivandeni zezindela zesifunda saseMoscow. Kuyavela ukuthi i-apricot ilungile ngokumelana nesithwathwa. Lokho kuphela ngobusika be-hardness ebusika izinto azibalulekile.
Isihlahla se-apricot
Iqiniso ngukuthi ubusika bokubanzima be-apricot buthinteka kabi yizinto ezingezinhle ebusika ezifana namawele kanye nokushintsha okungazelelwe kwezinga lokushisa. Izimbali ezingama-flower zithinteka kakhulu yilezi zinto, ngoba thaws zivusa ukukhula kwazo, bese kuthi amaqhwa angena kamuva azilimaze noma asonakalise ngokuphelele isivuno esizayo. Ngakho-ke, ukufa okuyingxenye noma okuphelele kokuqhakaza kwezimbali kwenzeka ebusika, okungenye yezizathu eziyinhloko zokuqothuka okungajwayelekile kwama-apricots.
Izitshalo ezisencane zesaba ikakhulukazi ubusika eminyakeni yokuqala yokuphila. Bahlukaniswa ukukhula okuqinile nokude futhi abanaso isikhathi sokulungiselela ubusika ngaphambi kokuqala kwesithwathwa. Ngenxa yalokhu, amahlumela angenawo lignified iqhwa. Kukholelwa ukuthi isizathu sokuntuleka kobunzima be-apricot ebusika yihlobo elipholile nelifishane, lapho izitshalo zingenaso isikhathi sokuthola ukunikezwa okudingekayo kwezakhi zomzimba ezizisiza ukuba zikwazi ukubekezelela izinto ezimbi zobusika. Izici ezibonisiwe zemvelo yokukhula kwama-apricots zisitshela ngesidingo sokukhethwa okuyikho kwendawo ephakathi nendawo.
Ukukhetha indawo ye-apricot
Indawo yokutshala i-apricot akufanele ibe ngaphansi (lapho umoya obandayo ugeleza khona), kodwa qiniseka ukufudumala, ukushiswa yilanga futhi kuvaliwe kusuka emimoyeni ebandayo (enyakatho nasempumalanga). Abalimi abaluleki ukuthi ukutshala ama-apricots emithambekeni eseningizimu kungaba, ngoba ezitshalweni ezithelwayo ekuqaleni ziqala ukutshala zilimaze ubusika bazo, futhi ukuqhakaza izimbali kungenzeka kuhambisane nokushiyeka kwentwasahlobo okusalelayo. Noma kunjalo, abanye abalimi batusa ukutshala ama-apricots ngasohlangothini oluseningizimu yezakhiwo, uthango noma izihlangu ezenziwe ngopende ezenziwe imibala egqamile ukukhombisa kangcono ukukhanya kwelanga ezihlahleni (isb. Ukwenza into efana nesihlangu sokushisa).
Ngokusho kwabalimi abanolwazi, lezi zinyathelo zizothuthukisa ukukhanyiselwa kwezihlahla futhi zivikele emimoyeni ebandayo. Futhi enye into: inhlabathi ezindaweni zokutshala i-apricot kufanele ibe nokuphefumula okuhle, ngoba izimpande zesitshalo zidinga ukuhamba komoya okulula kuyo yonke inkathi yokukhula. Ngisho nezikhukhula zesikhashana ezinamanzi noma ukugcwala ngokweqile kwezendlalelo zenhlabathi akwamukeleki, kusuka kulokhu isitshalo singafa. Ukwakheka kwenhlabathi efanele kufanele kukhethwe. Isibonelo, enye ingxenye ye-peat kanye nengxenye eyodwa yesihlabathi kufakwa kubumba kwenye ingxenye yazo. Emhlabathini owodwa onesihlabathi onomswakama ompofu, izihlahla ze-apricot ziyashiswa ehlobo futhi zikhule ekuqaleni kwesikhashana. Kwi-chernozem engagulwanga, kamuva athela izithelo futhi athele isivuno esingesihle.
Abalimi abanokuhlangenwe nakho bayazi ukuthi uma amaparele amadala, i-oki, imephu, umlotha nezinye izihlahla ezinezimpande ezijulile zikhula kuso noma eduze nendawo, khona-ke lokhu kuwuphawu oluqinisekile lokuthi ama-apricots ngokuqinisekile azomila lapha. Kunconywa ukutshala izihlahla ngokuya ngephethini engu-6 × 4 m (isb. 6 m ishiywe phakathi kwemigqa no-4 ngokulandelana). I-sandy, loamy, inhlabathi elula ye-loamy enokusabela okungathathi hlangothi futhi okune-acidic (pH 6-7) ithandwa kakhulu yi-apricot. Emhlabathini, ompofu ku-humus, qiniseka ukwengeza umquba obolile ngesilinganiso okungenani sama-3 kg ngemitha yesikwele. imitha Umanyolo wamaminerali usetshenziswa ngokuya ngokuqukethwe komsoco osemhlabathini. Emhlabathini wenhlabathi, ngokwesibonelo, kudingeka omanyolo abaningi be-phosphorus (okungenani i-100-120 g nge-1 sq. M). Ukutshala ama-apricot kungcono entwasahlobo. Izithombo zibekwa enhlabathini elungiselelwe, ezembiwe ngokujulile (kufika ku-45 cm) ngokusetshenziswa kanyekanye kukamanyolo. Ukutshala imigodi engama-60-70 cm ukujula kwenziwa ngokushesha ngaphambi kokutshala, ukwethula ama-8-10 kg we-humus kuze kufike ku-1 kg we-superphosphate.
Umuthi omncane we-apricot, ibanga "uMurpark".
Ukulungisa izihlahla ze-apricot zokugcina ubusika
Ngokukhula isikhathi eside futhi kufudumele, izihlahla ze-apricot zibonisa ukukhula okukhulu kwesibalo. Kulesi simo, ngisho nobusika obubandayo, kunengozi yokuqandeka kwamahlumela avuthwe kahle, imbali zezimbali nokhuni. Ukugwema lokhu, abalimi abanolwazi batusa ukuqala ngo-Agasti ukunisela izihlahla ngesisombululo somlotha, okuzosiza ukumisa ukukhula kwamahlumela nokuvuthwa kwawo okusheshayo. Imvamisa, amabhakede ama-5-10 esisombululo somlotha asiza ama-apricots ukuthi ahlangane nehlobo lethu elifushane futhi aqedele ukulungiswa kwezihlahla zezulu elibandayo ngamahlamvu eqabunga. Ngaphansi kwezihlahla ezincane, akutuswa ukusebenzisa umanyolo omningi oqukethe i-nitrogen, ikakhulukazi engxenyeni yesibili yehlobo. Njengoba sekuphawuliwe, izihlahla ezincane zama-apricot zidinga ukunakwa okukhethekile: azinzima kangako kunabantu abadala. Kodwa-ke, "abantu asebekhulile" kufanele banakekelwe kahle, ikakhulukazi ngoMeyi-Juni, ukuze bahlakulele i-canopy eneqabunga enamandla enempilo ngokushesha okukhulu.
Lapho-ke kulindeleke isivuno esihle, kanti izihlahla zizoba nesikhathi sokulungiselela ubusika futhi zibekezelele iqhwa. Kuzo zonke izihlahla zezithelo, ama-apricots, njengokuqhakaza, kuvame kakhulu futhi kuhlupheke kakhulu kusuka kusihla sentwasahlobo. Indlela engcono yokuvikela izimbali ukumboza imiqhele yezihlahla ngama-agrofabric ezingqimbeni ezimbili noma nganoma iyiphi enye indwangu kuso sonke isikhathi sezimbali. Ngaphansi kwezingubo ezinjalo, izimbali azesabi izithambisi phansi ziye ku-4 ° ะก. Emakhoneni, izinto zokumboza ziboshelwe emagatsheni, kodwa ukuze izinambuzane ezihola impova zivakashele ngokukhululekile izihlahla eziqhakazayo.
Izithelo ze-apricot egatsheni, ebangeni "Muscat".
Izinhlobo ze-apricot zomucu ophakathi nendawo
Okokuqala, kufanele kubizwe okuhlukahlukene ngokuthi "i-Triumph North". Le nhlobonhlobo ibhekwa kakhulu abalimi abaningi. I-Apricot "Triumph North" yisihlahla esiphakeme impela esinomqhele obanzi. Akukhonjelwa ekuhlaselweni yizinambuzane noma izifo ezahlukahlukene. Izizwa imnandi cishe kunoma yisiphi isimo sezulu, kufaka phakathi iqhwa elinzima. Ngisho nezinso zakhe azesabi amazinga okushisa aphansi, futhi ngenxa yalokho i-apricot ibonakala ngesivuno esizinzile. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela ukuthi i- "Triumph of the North" isho izitshalo ezizihlambe zodwa. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ingatshalwa wedwa, ngaphandle kokukhathazeka ngokungcoliswa kwemvelo. Uqala ukuthela izithelo cishe eneminyaka emithathu. Isihlahla esidala singathela izithelo ezingaphezulu kwama-60 kg. Ama-apricots makhulu, anejusi futhi amnandi. Isikhathi sokuvuthwa kwabo kuyahlukahluka kusuka maphakathi noJulayi kuya maphakathi no-Agasti. Ukuthenga umuthi we-apricot "Triumph North" namuhla akunzima, ngoba unga-oda isithombo ezitolo eziningi eziku-inthanethi.
Kwezinye izinhlobo zama-apricot ze "Moscow", kunganconywa okulandelayo: I-Iceberg, i-Alyosha, i-Aquarius, i-Countess, i-Lel, i-Monastic, i-Favorit, i-Tsarsky. Batholwe njengomphumela weminyaka eminingi yokusebenza eGreat Botanical Garden yeRussian Academy yeSayensi futhi bavumelana nezimo zomgwaqo ophakathi nendawo.
Izinhlobo ze-apricot I-Iceberg - umuthi ongafika ku-3 m ukuphakama ngomqhele osasazekayo. Ngokuqhakaza okuningi kwezithelo, okuncane kuboshwe. Izithelo ezinesisindo esingu-20-25 g, isiyingi, i-pubescent, i-orange-orange ngokufiphaza okuncane, okumnandi, okubushelelezi, okunamafutha. Ithambo lihlukanisa kahle. Ukubuthwa kwezithelo ngasekupheleni kukaJulayi - ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti.
Alyosha - umuthi omude onomqhele osakaze amamitha amane ukuphakama. Izimbali zinkulu. Izithelo ze-apricot ezinesisindo esingu-15-20 g ziyindilinga, ziphuzi ngokugqamile, zinambitheka, ziyinto encane, ngakho-ke izithelo ziqhakaza. Ukuvuthwa kwezithelo kuyinto yokuqala: ngasekupheleni kukaJulayi - ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti.
Izinhlobo ze-apricot I-Aquarius - yisithombo kusuka ku -Leel cultivar otholwe ukungcola kwamahhala. Umuthi omude (4-5m) ngokukhula okunamandla okukhulu. Kuthela kakhulu. Izithelo ziyindilinga, zinesisindo esingu-25-30 g. Izithelo azicwebezi njengalezo ezinhlobonhlobo zeLel, ziphuzi ngombala ongabonakali. Ukunambitheka kumnandi futhi kumuncu, kepha kuyavumelana. Ithambo lihlukanisa ngokuphelele. Izithelo ziyavuthwa eminyakeni yesibili ka-Agasti, azigcinwa isikhathi eside.
I-Countess - mude, kufinyelela ku-6 m, umuthi omude kakhulu. Izithelo ziyindilinga noma zi-oval, zinesisindo esingu-25-30 g. Isikhumba se-pubescent sinokhilimu noma siphuzi, sinamabala. Inyama i-orange egqamile, i-cartilaginous, ijusi, iyamnandi. Ukuvuthwa kwezithelo ze-apricot maphakathi no-Agasti.
Izinhlobo ze-apricot ULele - umuthi onomqhele ocwebezelayo nokukhula okulinganiselayo okufika kumamitha ayi-3. Izithelo zinosayizi abaphakathi, zinesisindo esingu-15 ukuya ku-20 g, muhle, uyigolide lewolintshi, akufani nokufiphala. I-pubescence incane kakhulu, ngakho-ke izithelo zihle kakhulu. Ukunambitheka kunambitheka futhi kumuncu, kuyavumelana, kumnandi kakhulu, ithambo lihlukanisa kahle. Ukuvula ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti.
Izinhlobo ze-apricot Monastic - Umuthi omude okhula ube namandla okufika ku-5 m ukuphakama ngomqhele obanzi. Kuthela kakhulu Izithelo. Izithelo ezinesisindo esingu-25-30 g, oval, pubescent, ophuzi ngombala obomvu. Ithambo lihlukanisa kahle. Izithelo zivuthwa phakathi nengxenye yesibili ka-Agasti.
Izintandokazi - umuthi wobukhulu obuphakathi, kuze kufike ku-3 m ukuphakama, ukukhula okulingene. Izithelo zezinhlobo ezithandwayo zinkulu, zingalingani ngesimo, zinesisindo esingama-g. Izithelo zihle kakhulu ophuzi-orenji ngokufiphaza okukhulu, i-pubescence incane, ngakho-ke izithelo ziyabukeka. Izithelo zinambitheka kakhulu futhi zinomzimba, ngoba ithambo lincane. Ithambo lihlukanisa ngokuphelele. Izithelo zivuthwa phakathi nengxenye yesibili ka-Agasti.
Izinhlobo ze-apricot Ebukhosini - isihlahla sobukhulu obuphakathi, kuze kube m 3 m mude. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo, izimbali zinkulu kakhulu - kufika ku-4 cm ububanzi. Izithelo ezinesisindo esingu-20-25 g, okusaqanda, okuphuzi okuhle okufiphele. Okumnandi kakhulu, okunamafutha kakhulu, ngephunga elishiwoyo. Ukuvula ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti.
Ukuqhakaza umuthi we-apricot.
Ekuphetheni, sifingqa
Kungenzeka ukukhulisa ama-apricots ezindlini zasendlini yebhande eliphakathi, kumele kubhekwe kuphela lezi zimo ezilandelayo, ezichazwe izici zemvelo zalezi zitshalo, esishilo ngenhla:
- khetha indawo efanele ongatshala kuyo, unakekela i-microclimate enhle kakhulu yama-apricots;
- khetha isikhathi esifanele sokutshala (okungcono entwasahlobo) enhlabathini eyakhiwe kahle, ugcina yonke imithetho evunyelwe ngokujwayelekile yokutshala izihlahla;
- gcina yonke imithetho yobuchwepheshe bezolimo futhi unake ubuciko bokunakekela ama-apricots,
ngenkathi ungakhohlwa:
- mayelana nokunisela kwezihlahla okufanele, ukuwuyeka ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti;
- ukuqoqwa kwamaqabunga awile ngaphansi kwezintombi ekwindla nasekushisweni kwazo ukuze kuqedwe izinambuzane;
- ngo-Okthoba-Novemba, izihlahla zama-apricot ezimhlophe, ezivikela kanjalo ekushisweni yilanga ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo nasekuqalisweni kwezinqubo zokuqala ze-biochemical emagatsheni nasezihlolweni zazo;
- mayelana nezihlahla zokuthena ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ikakhulukazi uma ngabe azange zenziwe ekwindla;
- ngokusetshenziswa kukamanyolo: i-nitrogen - ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, phosphorus - ehlobo.
