Ama-Irises yisiko lengadi elidumile elinokuqhakaza okumangalisa nokulingisa. Abalimi abaningi banesifiso sokutshala nokunakekela ama-irises emhlabathini ovulekile. Ama-irises anemibala e-Velvet ayisitshalo sasemuva esisebenza njengomhlobiso wangempela wombhede wezimbali noma umbhede wezimbali.
Irises yizinsuku ezimfushane zohlobo lwe-rhizome. Kuhunyushelwe egameni lesiGreek elithi Iris lisho uthingo. Ngempela, zingaphezu kuka-700 izinhlobo zama-irises ezaziwayo, ezihlukile ngobukhulu, ukwakheka, ukwakheka kwawo kanye nomthunzi walembali. Ngaphandle, isiqu sezimbali ze-iris sibukeka njenge-orchid, umbala wamaphalishi ngokwahlukahluka kakhulu - ukusuka kokumhlophe nokuphaphathekile kuya kokugcwele futhi kukhanya. Kwezinye izinhlobo, i-peduncle ipendiwe ngemibala emibili, emithathu noma ngaphezulu, bese kusetshenziswa iphethini eyingqayizivele ezifuyweni eziphansi.
Ukuqala kokuqhakaza kwama-irises kunguMeyi noJuni, izimbali eziqhakazayo zingaqhubeka kuze kube sekupheleni kukaJuni. Ekwindla, i-iris ingaqhakaza kaninginingi - ngo-Agasti nangoSepthemba.
Isiko linendawo ebanzi emhlabeni jikelele, ezinye izinhlobo zitholakala esimweni sezulu esibuhlungu seNyakatho Nenkabazwe. Emvelweni, kukhona irises enesizungu futhi enamabomu, yangaphandle efanayo ngokuphelele. I-Rhizome irises izinzile futhi ayikhathaleli, ebusika kahle futhi ayesabi isimo sezulu esibandayo. Izinhlobo ze-anyanisi zidinga ukunakekelwa nokunakwa okuthe xaxa. Sekuyisikhathi eside i-irisflower iris ithandwa ngabalimi futhi iba emadolobheni. Kufanele ufunde konke ngokunakekelwa nokutshalwa kwama-irises emhlabathini ovulekile.
Imithetho yokutshala irises emhlabathini ovulekile
I-Rhizome irises ithande indawo ekhanyiswe kahle lapho izoqhakaza kahle isikhathi eside. Ukuze kusatshalaliswe mahhala izimpande, ama-irises adinga isikhala - hhayi ngaphansi kwesigamu semitha ukusuka komunye nomunye. Zonke izinhlobo zithanda ukukhuluphala, ukucebile ngezakhi zomzimba kanye namafutha enhlabathini enesakhiwo. Ukufakwa kwama-irises entwasahlobo emhlabathini kwenziwa ngemuva kokufakwa komanyolo womanyolo kanye ne-potash-phosphorus. Umquba awunconywa.
Okuqukethwe komswakama kwenhlabathi ebangeni ngalinye kudinga okwalo:
- kungcono ukutshala i-iris enentshebe ne-fan eceleni kwethambeka ukuze kube nokuphuma okuhle kwemvula kuncibilike namanzi;
- I-iris kanye ne-marsh iris yaseSiberia ikhula kahle lapho ihlala imanzi khona - eduze nezidumbu zamanzi nasesithunzi esilinganayo.
Indawo ye-iris iyambiwa, iphathwe ngama-fungicides, ngokumelene nezinambuzane eziyingozi, kanye nomuthi wokubulala ukhula ukunciphisa ukhula. Kuma-irizome irises, kukhethwa umhlabathi ongathathi hlangothi. Uma inhlabathi ine-acidic, uyixube nomlotha, lime noma ushoko. Lapho utshala, izinso elingenhla lihlala phezu kwenhlabathi, alingcwatshwa.
Izinhlobo zeRhizome - indlela yokutshala ama-irises entwasahlobo:
- Kwambiwa umgodi ngaphansi kwempande, maphakathi lapho kuthululelwa khona indunduma encane.
- Izimpande ezimaphakathi kufanele zibekwe phezu kwe-knoll, futhi izimpande ezingemuva kufanele zisatshalaliswe ezinhlangothini.
- I-rhizome eyinhloko ifafazwa ngomhlaba, kufakwa ungqimba lwesihlabathi phezulu, umhlaba uhlanganiswe kancane.
- Musa ukujula izimpande kakhulu, kufanele zibekwe eduze komhlaba.
- Vumela izinso maphakathi lihlale likhululekile emhlabeni - ngaphezulu komhlaba.
Abalimi abanolwazi batusa ukutshala kwentwasahlobo kanye nehlobo kwama-irises endaweni evulekile. Ngenkathi efudumele, izitshalo zinesikhathi sokuthatha izimpande ngokugcwele enhlabathini, ngenxa yokuthi ebusika ngaphandle kokulahleka futhi ziqale ukuqhakaza ngonyaka olandelayo.
I-Bullies irises - ukutshala nokunakekela endaweni evulekile:
- Ukutshala ama-bulb kwenziwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo noma ekwindla ngaphambi kweqhwa.
- Izinga lokushisa lomhlabathi lokutshala akufanele libe ngaphansi kuka-10 °, ngaphandle kwalokho amabhulethi angaba yiqhwa.
- Kokwembiwa umsele ongashoni, ama-bulbs ajula emjondolo ka-3-4 cm, angabe esaba khona.
- Ukujula okuphelele kokufika kufanele kube ngu-10-12 cm.
- Inhlabathi eyembiwe ixubene nenhlabathi engadini yokudla, isihlabathi somfula namalahle ochotshoziwe wokudonsa, kanye ne-superphosphate ephindwe kabili yokukhula.
- Ama-grooves alungiselelwe abulawa amagciwane ngokuchitha isixazululo se-potanganum permanganate, kanye nesishukumisi sokukhula ukuze uqinise izimpande.
- Amabhuleki ama-irises atshalwe ngohlumela phezulu, hhayi ngokujula kakhulu, ebangeni elanele ukusuka komunye nomunye - 15-20 cm.
- Inhlabathi ithululelwa phezulu, okufanele inyathelwe kancane ukuze ama kungaphumi obala.
- Ukuchelela okuphindaphindekayo kudingekile kuphela emva kwezinsuku ezingama-3-4.
Ukujula ngokweqile kwezimpande kulimaza ukukhula nokukhula kwama-irises, ngenkathi inhlabathi akufanele ibe nesisindo. Ukuze kukhululwe inhlabathi, umquba, inhlabathi nesihlabathi esihlanganayo kuyenezelwa emhlabathini.
Izinhlobo ezincane ze-bullies ezinama-irises azifunwa kumswakama. Bangcwatshwa kathathu ukuphakama kwe-bulb, ukuqhakaza kwabo kuqala intwasahlobo elandelayo.
Nakekela irises - izisekelo nezimfihlo
Ngokusho kwabalimi abanolwazi, ama-irises ayizitshalo eziqinile nezisebenzayo ezikhula kahle futhi eziqhakaza ngaphandle kokufaka umquba. Kodwa-ke, ngonyaka wesithathu wokuphila, kunconyelwa ukugxilisa imbali ngengubo ehlanganisiwe eyenziwe ngezigaba - entwasahlobo, ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza nangemva kokuqhakaza. Ukuphendula ukunakekelwa, lesi sitshalo siba namandla futhi siqine, sikhule ngokushesha futhi siqhakaze ngokwengeziwe.
Irises - ukunakekelwa kwentwasahlobo:
- ukugqoka okuphezulu ngokwesilinganiso se-2: 1: 1 - i-nitrogen, i-phosphorus ne-potassium;
- ukuchelela kuya ngezimo zezulu.
Ngesikhathi sokuqothula, ukugqoka okuphezulu kufanele kwenzeke ngokwesilinganiso se-3: 1: 3 - i-nitrogen, i-phosphorus, i-potassium. Kulokhu, ukuchelela nokufafaza kwenziwa njengoba kunesidingo. Ngemuva kwenyanga ngemuva kokuqhakaza kwezimbali, ukondla kunconyelwa kwisilinganiso esingu-1: 1 - phosphorus plus potassium. Esikhathini sekwindla, ngaphambi kobusika, umanyolo wamaminerali owomile kufanele ufakwe isipuni, usifafaza ngaphansi kwempande ngayinye yesitshalo.
Irises kufanele uyophuziswa ngaphansi kwempande lapho umhlaba womile ngokuphelele esihlahleni. Ngemuva kokutshala, lesi sitshalo siyaniselwa kuphela emva kwezinsuku ezintathu.
Ungayondla kanjani irises entwasahlobo:
- uma ukuntuleka kwamaminerali kuqapheleka, khona-ke ukugqokwa kwamaminerali kufanele kufakwe uqobo ngesihlahla ngasinye;
- Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, Umanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi we-nitrogen-potassium-phosphorus wezimbali uyasiza kulesi sitshalo.
Ukuvimbela ezifweni nasezinambuzaneni kufaka ukugawulwa kwendle kwezingxenye efile zesitshalo, ukususwa ngesikhathi kwezinyawo zezinyawo, ukusheshe kufafazwe kanye nokugeza, ukuhlanza imibhede ngamaqabunga awile. Emhlabathini ovulekile, ukutshala kwe-iris kukhula ngesandla, kukhulule ngokucophelela inhlabathi futhi kuniselwe njengoba kunesidingo. Ngaphambi kobusika, ama-rhizomes afafazwa ngomhlaba futhi ambozwe, ngoba atholakala eduze komhlaba futhi angabanda.
Ungazifaka kanjani futhi nini izinto zokufaka
Ama-Irises angatshalwa ngezindlela ezintathu - ama-rhizomes, izinqubo bese akhula kusuka ezinhlanyelweni. Ukuthola izitshalo kusuka ezinhlanyelweni kuyindlela ende kunazo zonke futhi enzima kunazo zonke. Ekusebenzeni, kulula kakhulu futhi kusheshe ukukhula izimbali ngokuhlukanisa isihlahla nezinqubo. Ngasikhathi sinye, izitshalo ezikhulwe kusuka kuma-rhizomes ziyaqhakaza ngonyaka olandelayo, futhi ukutshala imbewu kuzodingeka ukuthi ilinde eminye iminyaka engama-2-3.
Izikhathi zokufuduka nezinhlamvu kanjani:
- isikhathi esihle sokufuduka kusentwasahlobo yokuqala, okungukuthi, Mashi-Ephreli, ngaphambi kokuqhakaza;
- izimbali zisakazwa ngokuhlukaniswa kwama-rhizomes kanye namahlumela.
Entwasahlobo, ama-irises athuthelwa kwenye indawo besebenzisa kuphela izitshalo ezinempilo neziqinile ezizokhula ngokushesha futhi ngaphandle kwezinkinga. Ama-Rhizomes asuswa emhlabathini futhi ahlukaniswe izingxenye ukuze i-rosette ngayinye yezimpande ngayinye ibe nehlamvu elilodwa lamaqabunga. Amahlamvu angaphezulu kufanele anqunywe. Ngaphambi kokutshala, izimpande zicwilisa imizuzu embalwa kusisombululo se-potanganum permanganate ye-disinitness. Ama-rhizomes omisiwe atshalwe emiseleni engaxutshwe noma emigodini emincane yokubamba endaweni eyi-50-60 cm ukusuka komunye nomunye.
Ngokusakazeka okusakazayo, i-iris kufanele iqhume okungenani kanye. Ngemuva kwalokhu, kuze kube ngumzuzu wokuhluma, amahlumela amancane angathathwa kuwo. Izitshalo ezintsha kufanele zigxile esikhathini kusuka ngoMashi kuya kuMeyi endaweni ene-shaded, zidala izimo zokugcina ukushisa. Ukubamba imbala okuphelele kungabhekwa ngemuva kwamaviki ayi-2-3.
Irises zingatshalwa kusuka imbewu. Ekwindla, imbewu ihlwanyelwa ebhodweni nge-substrate enesihlabathi, embozwe nge-polyethylene noma ingilazi. Ngentwasahlobo, imbewu izohluma, izothathwa futhi itshalwe emhlabathini ovulekile. Tshala nini irises emhlabathini ovulekile entwasahlobo? Isikhathi esihle sokutshala emhlabathini ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, inyanga kaMashi no-Ephreli. Ngalesi sikhathi, ukutshala abasha kuzobe sekukhule ngokwanele, bazokwazi ukushesha futhi ngokugcwele izimpande emhlabathini.
Irises ekubonakaleni kwemvelo
Izici zokuhlobisa eziphakeme ze-irises zivumela ukuba batshalwe emibhedeni yezimbali nasemigqeni yokuxuba, eduze kocingo, imibhede yezimbali kanye namadwala. Indawo efanelekile isendaweni ephakeme lapho kungekho khona umswakama futhi akukho ukubambelela eduze komhlaba. Kunezinhlobo eziphansi futhi ezinde zama-irises. Izitshalo ezinde zivame ukuboshwa ukuze zingaphuki futhi zibambe kahle ihlumela. Ama-irises wedraw akhula odongeni oluqinile, adinga ukuthenwa ngezikhathi ezithile nokunisela ngesikhathi sezulu esomile.
Irises esithombeni sokuklanywa kwendawo:
Ukwazi imithetho yokutshala nokunakekela ama-irises endaweni evulekile kuzokuvumela ukuthi kalula futhi umane ukhule lezi zitshalo uzungu lwakho. Uma ubona iris, akukudonseli ukuyikhipha, ufuna ukuyithanda ngokungapheli, uphefumula ngephunga elimnandi nelibuthakathaka lembali.
