Abalimi abaningi abanolwazi bayazi ukuthi ngaphandle kokunakekelwa okufanele nezingxenye ezengeziwe akunakwenzeka ukufeza umphumela oyifunayo lapho kukhula izitshalo. Izinhlobonhlobo zezengezo, kumanyolo ziyasetshenziswa, futhi, iqiniso, lolu daba alupheli ngaphandle kokusebenzisa i-vermiculite. Ukusetshenziswa kwale ngxenye engadini kutholile ukuthandwa ngenxa yenani elikhulu lezinto ezinhle. Akunakwenzeka nje ukwenqaba esikhathini esizayo. Ngenxa yezimpawu zayo, i-vermiculite isetshenziswa kwamanye amasimu amaningi ngaphandle kokutshala izitshalo.
Incazelo ye-vermiculite
I-Vermiculite yi-a ingxenye yezimbiwaokungeqembu le-hydromica. Kwakheka ekuqhekekeni komhlaba futhi ngenxa yalokho kungenziwa ngokuthi kufakwe ngokuphepha ezintweni eziphilayo ezinemvelo futhi ezinemvelo. I-Vermiculite, eyazithola isemkhakheni wokukhiqiza kwezitshalo, ngemuva kokuthi ukukhishwa kwayo kucutshungulwe kuqala ngaphansi kwethonya lokushisa eliphakeme. Lokhu kwelashwa kuyakuvumela ukuba komiswe futhi kwenziwe kungasasebenzi ngesakhiwo se-scaly. Ezitshalweni ezikhulayo, le ngxenye ilungile ngenxa yenani elikhulu lezinto zokukhula zemvelo. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:
- i-magnesium
- i-calcium oxide;
- potaziyamu
- insimbi
- i-silicon;
- i-aluminium.
Umphezulu we-Vermiculite inesakhiwo se-scaly, ekuvumela ukuthi ugcine inani elikhulu lomoya elidingekayo empilweni yezitshalo. I-substrate isiza ukukhulisa i-aeration yomhlaba. Ngokufanelekile, inhlabathi iyeka ukuthathwa futhi imbozwe ngogqinsi oluqinile oludinga ukumba, okuqinisa kakhulu ukutholakala komswakama. I-fomiculite enezitho zomzimba, ezithinta kahle uhlelo lwezimpande, nayo ingasetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni kwezitshalo.
Izici eziphambili ze-substrate yizo izakhiwo zokuthatha nokunikeza umswakama lapho uhlelo lwempande luzidinga. Izimo ezithandekayo, ukutholakala njalo komswakama nomoya kufaka isandla ekukhuleni okusheshayo kwezitshalo nokusinda kwazo endaweni entsha. Ukuqina kokumunyanisa kwe-vermiculite kufinyelela cishe 400 ml wamanzi nge-100 g yezinto. Izakhiwo ezinjalo zikuvumela ukuthi ukhule izitshalo usebenzisa i-hydroponics.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-vermiculite engadini
I-Vermiculite isetshenziselwa izinhloso ezahlukahlukene, kepha imvamisa kakhulu ithola ukusetshenziswa kokuhluma kwembewu. Indlela yokukhulisa izithombo ezivela ezinhlanyelweni isebenzisa lokhu kwaziswa ilula impela. Okokuqala, yonke imbewu ixubene ne-vermiculite yangaphambi kokuthambisa. Yonke inqwaba ephumayo ifakwa esikhwameni sepulasitiki ukudala i-condensate. Kulesi sikhundla, imbewu izonikeza ngokushesha izimpawu zokuqala zokukhula, emva kwalokho zidluliselwe emhlabathini.
Ukufakelwa enhlabathini kwenzeka futhi ngokusebenzisa i-substrate. I-Vermiculite ihlanganiswe ngokulingana 2: 1 nenhlabathi, emva kwalokho yenzeka ukutshala kuhlume imbewu. Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi le ndlela isheshe inikeze izinkomba ezinhle. Izinga lokukhula kwezithombo lidlula kakhulu izindlela lapho kusetshenziswa umhlabathi ohlanzekile. Isendlalelo esisizayo asigcini nje ukwanelisa isitshalo ngezakhi zomzimba, kepha futhi silwa “nomlenze omnyama” nokubola, okwakhiwa kuso isiqu nesistimu yezimpande cishe kunoma yiziphi izithombo.
Ngemuva kokuthola izithombo ezilungele ukutshala, isitshalo singadluliselwa emhlabathini ovulekile, kepha ngisho nalapha kufanelekile ukucubungula ukusetshenziswa kwe-vermiculite. Imvamisa, isakhi esingaphansi komhlaba sisetshenziswa ngaphandle. Lokhu okuqukethwe kungeniswa emhlabathini kanye nobude bonke ngokubalwa kwesipuni esingaphezu kwesisodwa kuwo wonke amasentimitha ayi-10. Ngemuva kwalokho ungatshala izithombo, futhi i-substrate, izosiza izitshalo ukuthi zikhule kangcono endaweni entsha. I-Vermiculite ingafakwa enhlabathini kanye nezinye izakhamzimba, ezinjengalezi:
- Peat;
- ubulongwe;
- amaconsi ezinyoni;
- umanyolo wamaminerali;
- utshani obunjiwe.
Imvamisa yonke into ihlanganiswa ngokulingana bese ifakwa enhlabathini ngaphambi kokutshala izithombo.
Izithombo ekuqaleni kwesigaba sokukhula kwazo zidinga inani elanele lezakhamzimba nokunakekelwa ukuthuthukisa uhlelo lwakho lwezimpande, ngakho-ke, i-vermiculite nayo ingasetshenziswa njengengxenye yokusiza. Kuhle kakhulu ukuyisebenzisa ngokulingana kwe-1: 1 nge-peat engathathi hlangothi. Ukwakheka okunjalo kuzonikela ngazo zonke izinto ezidingekayo zokukhula kwesihlahla esincane noma izihlahlana, futhi kuzovikela eminyakeni yokuqala ezifweni nasekuntuleni kwezakhi zomzimba. Ngaphambi kokutshala izithombo, umgodi ugcwaliswa ngama-30%.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-vermiculite ku-hydroponics
Le ndlela yokulima, njengama-hydroponics, isetshenziswe kabanzi ekulimeni kwamalimi, kepha kukhona futhi izinhlangothi ezingezinhle. Ukuntuleka kwenhlabathi kuvame ukuholela eqinisweni lokuthi izitshalo kunzima kakhulu ukuthatha izimpande futhi azitholi inani elanele lezakhi ezilusizo. Lokhu akusho ukuthi iqiniso lokuthi uhlelo lwempande alukwazi ukuthola inhlabathi futhi lunamathele kulo. I-Vermiculite kuleli cala yenza kube lula ukulima ngenxa yokuqina nokukhanya kwawo. I-substrate ayikuvumeli nje kuphela ukuthi ungamiselela kancane inhlabathi yezitshalo ezikhulayo kuma-hydroponics, kodwa futhi udale indawo ene-alkaline engathathi hlangothi nokuhlangana kwamakhemikhali.
Imithetho yokusebenzisa i-vermiculite
I-Vermiculite ihlukaniswa yi-yayo fragility, lightness kanye nesakhiwo se-scalyNgakho-ke, akumangazi ukuthi kukhiqizwa inani elikhulu lothuli ngesikhathi sokuhamba kwe-substrate. Uma uthambisa lolu thuli, ungazizwa ungathandeki, ngakho-ke kungcono ukuhlanza impahla bese ususa uthuli. Noma ngabe, lapho uqala ukubheka, uthuli luphelile ngokuphelele, kunconywa ukusebenzisa i-bandage ye-gauze kanye nezibuko ngesikhathi sokulungiswa kwenhlabathi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, yize i-vermiculite idume ngokwakha indawo engathathi hlangothi, i-pH yayo ekugcineni ingakhula. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho usebenzisa amanzi kanzima ngesikhathi sokuchelela izitshalo. Ukuqongelela kwezinto eziyingozi kuyaqala, izinga le-acidity liyanda, nendawo engathathi hlangothi iba yi-alkaline, ngenxa yalokho engabhubhisa isitshalo esakhiwe futhi esiqinile.
Ukuze unciphise ubulukhuni bamanzi, ungasebenzisa ama-ejenti wokuhlanza noma, okungenani, ubilise uketshezi bese uluvumela luxazulule kuze kuthi konke ukungcola kuhlale phansi. Ukuchelela izitshalo kufanele kwenzeke kaningi kakhulu lapho usebenzisa i-vermiculite, ngoba kugcina kunomswakama owanele wokuphila kwezitshalo isikhathi eside. Ukuchelela kaningi kungaholela ekushisweni ngokweqile kwezitshalo.
I-Vermiculite ingaba semhlabathini cishe iminyaka eyi-10, kepha ngisho nangemva kwalesi sikhathi ingaphinde isetshenziswe. Ukuze usetshenziswe kabusha, okubhaliwe kugaywa ngaphandle kwenhlabathi, kugezwe bese kumiswa ukubalwa epanini.
Izici ezinhle ze-vermiculite
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-vermiculite, njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, kungenzeka thuthukisa inqubo yezitshalo ezikhulayo.
Emhlabathini ongaguquki, onamazwibela okufaka i-salinization, le paradiyamu incishiswa kakhulu uma usebenzisa i-substrate.- Umanyolo uhlala isikhathi eside ngenxa yesitoreji ku-vermiculite.
- Izitshalo zithola izakhamzimba ezengeziwe lapho ubuthi bungasasebenzi khona.
- Inani eliningi lomswakama ligcinwa enhlabathini.
- Izinga lokukhula kohlelo lwezimpande ezitshalweni luyakhula.
- Izinga lokwakheka kokubola ohlelweni lwezimpande kanye nesiqu sezitshalo kunciphisa.
- Isakhiwo somhlabathi siyathuthuka futhi i-acidity incishiswa kakhulu.
Emhlabathini ongaguquki, onamazwibela okufaka i-salinization, le paradiyamu incishiswa kakhulu uma usebenzisa i-substrate.I-Vermiculite isetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukutshala imifino, imbewu ekhula imbewu, ukutshala izithombo. Izici zayo ezinhle zithola ukusetshenziswa okuhle kakhulu. lapho wenza umquba noma ngenkathi uxubeka nezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zomquba kanye nezingxenye ezingezansi. Ukufakwa enhlabathini kwenzeka ngendlela emsulwa noma ngokuxuba i-vermiculite nesihlabathi, i-peat noma okufanayo enhlanganisweni yenhlabathi. Umuthi ungasetshenziswa ngisho nokugcina izithelo zezitshalo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, mane uthele kuzithelo nemifino futhi impilo yabo yeshalofu izokhula kakhulu.
Isiphetho
Ukulima ingadi kudinga utshalomali oluncane lwemali, kepha kufanele uchithe isikhathi esiningi, futhi okulindelwe ngeke kuhlangatshezwane nakho. Kungakho kunconywa ukusebenzisa i-vermiculite yezitshalo. Lesi sengezansi siyanezela inani elikhulu lezakhamzimba emhlabathini, futhi lokhu kuthuthukisa kakhulu ikhwalithi yokukhula kwezithombo, imbewu nezithombo. Ngokuqondile, okubhaliwe kungasiza emkhakheni wokukhula, kungakhathalekile izinga lokuthuthuka kwezitshalo ngokwazo. Into esemqoka ukulandela yonke imithetho nezincomo zokusebenzisa i-vermiculite.
