Isithombo esimnyama akuyona eyehlukile. Lokhu kuhluke ngezinhlobonhlobo zokutshala kokuqala, okuphakathi noku sekwephuzile. Izimpawu ezihlukanisa ukubonwa kwepele elimnyama nokubukhali obukhulu kunepulpiti. Ukutshalwa kwe-radish emnyama eRussia kwenziwa ngekhulu le-XII. Kwakusetshenziswa njengemifino ewusizo kakhulu neyokwelapha. Isiko leli lavela eMpumalanga futhi laqala ukuthandana nabantu ngezindawo zabo ezilusizo nokukhiqiza.
Kukhula isithombo esimnyama
Abantu badume kakhulu ngezinhlobonhlobo zokuvuthwa okuphakathi noku sekwephuzile nge-peel emnyama nenyama emhlophe. Kuyadingeka ukugcina isikhathi sokutshala sokuhlwanyela imbewu yesithombo, ngoba ubude bosuku bubaluleke kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwezitshalo. Hlukanisa:
- izinhlobo zokuqala zezithelo ezincane, ezihlwanyelwa ngoMashi;
- izinhlobo zokuqala zokuvuthwa, ukuhlwanyela ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli, ekuqaleni kukaMeyi;
- izinhlobo zaphakathi nesizini ngokuhlwanyela ethaleni lasehlobo;
- izinhlobo sekwephuzile, ukuhlwanyela maphakathi noJulayi.
Izinsuku zokutshala ezinconyiwe zokwenza isithombo esimnyama, izindlela zokutshala nezokunakekela zihlala njalo zisemaphaketheni embewu, kufanele zilandelwe. Izici zokuhlukahluka, lapho zigcinwa kahle, zingavimba ukudubula noma ukuqhekeka kwezilimo zezimpande. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu kumkhiqizo ohloselwe ukugcinwa kobusika. Zonke izinhlobo ze-radish ezimnyama zinesikhathi sokukhula seminyaka emibili, okusho ukuthi imbewu ingatholakala kuphela ngonyaka wesibili.
Imvamisa, isithombo esimnyama sitshalwa embhedeni osukhululiwe ngemuva kwamasaladi akuqala noma anyanisi, lapho isikhathi esinconyiwe sisondela. Ngaphambi kwalokhu, inhlabathi ibunjiwe kahle futhi ifakwe umanyolo. Abatshali bemifino abanokuhlangenwe nakho bakholelwa ukuthi isithombo sisazoba namanzi uma sikhule kumanyolo wamaminerali ngaphandle kokufaka umquba. Ngasikhathi sinye, umhlaba kufanele ukhululeke futhi uvunde.
Umbhede wembiwa ngokufakwa kwengilazi yomlotha, izipuni ezintathu ze-superphosphate, kanye ne-potassium chloride eyodwa ne-urea ngakunye. Bemba umhlaba ngokujula kwama-35 cm, izinga bese benza imisele noma izimbobo ngebanga phakathi kwezitshalo eziyi-15 cm naphakathi kwemigqa engama-30. Hlwanyela imbewu ekujuleni okungaba amasentimitha amathathu kaningana esidlekeni, ukushiya isithombo esinamandla kakhulu. Ngenkathi yokukhula, izitshalo zinqunywa kabili ngaphezulu ukuze kungabandakanywa ukuqina kwezitshalo.
Umhlaba osendaweni yokubekwa komhlaba kufanele uhlale umanzi futhi ube ngumlotha we-pubescent, ngoba amakhethini abethelwayo adlangile ngalesi sikhathi. Ama-Shots azovela ezinsukwini ezimbalwa, futhi ukuvikela kuwo ama-pest kuzoba ngumsebenzi obalulekile. Ukunakekelwa okuqhubekayo kuzobandakanya imisebenzi elandelayo:
- ukugcinwa njalo kwezitshalo engxenyeni enomswakama yomhlaba;
- ukususwa kwezitshalo ezibuthakathaka;
- khulula umhlabathi, uvimbele ukwakheka kwengqimba;
- vikela amashidi ekuxazululeni izinambuzane;
- ukuvuna ngaphambi kweqhwa.
Ukugcina inhlabathi imanzi lapho imanzi kususa umbuzo wokuthi kungani isithombo siba umbala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inhlabathi enobumba obunzima ingathinta ikhwalithi yezitshalo zezimpande. Ngaphansi kwalezi zimo, isithombo sikhula sicwengekile futhi siqhekeke. Ngakho-ke, ukhiye wesivuno esihle kuzoba ukukhetha kokutshala indawo nekhwalithi yenhlabathi. Akunakwenzeka ukusebenzisa umanyolo omusha we-organic njengendlela yokugqoka yomhlabathi nokugqoka okuphezulu.
Abalimi abanolwazi balulekise ngenqubo yokukhulisa ukuzamazama okuncane kwesitshalo sezimpande ukuze kususwe izimpande eziseceleni. Lesi sitshalo, esidla kuphela impande yezimpande, sikhula ngobukhulu obuphakathi futhi simnandi.
Isithombo sinezinambuzane eziningi. Ungakhula kanjani u-radish omnyama ongafinyeleleki? Izibungu zezimpukane zekherothi noma amabavi abethelwayo akufanele zivunyelwe ukuba zonakalise isivuno sezimpande. Amagciwane kanye nenqwaba yesikhunta se-putrefactive ingena enyameni ngesikhumba esonakele futhi izithelo ezinjalo ngeke zigcinwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isithombo singalimaza ubhungane wamaqabunga eklabishi, ama-aphid, ama-slugs, nohungane lwe-canola.
Amalungiselelo emvelo nama-enzyme angasetshenziswa ukulawula izinambuzane. Isibonelo, i-lipocide noma i-phytoverm. Babola ngokushesha futhi abathinti ikhwalithi yezitshalo zezimpande. Ukufika okuminyene kulinyazwa kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, izakhamuzi zasehlobo zivame ukusebenzisa imiphetho yemibhede ukutshala nokukhulisa isithombo esimnyama, zihlela izimbobo ezingandile eceleni kwekhwapha yamazambane, anyanisi, nokutshala ukhukhamba ukungafaki izinambuzane ezivamile.
Ukuhlanza isithombo esimnyama?
Ukulondolozwa, ama-radives amnyama ezinhlobo ezifika sekwephuzile naphakathi atshalwa. Izinhlobo ezinjalo zifaka uSkvirskaya omnyama, ubusika obuyindilinga obumnyama; Gayvoronskaya. Izinhlobo zingagcinwa kuze kufike ezinsukwini ezingama-200. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kuyadingeka ukususa imifino enempilo yezimpande ngaphambi kwesithwathwa sokuqala, ngoba izitshalo zezimpande ezifriziwe azigcinwa.
Isithombo saseGaivoron esivele sivuthiwe sithola izitshalo ezingathengiswa ezimpande ezinsukwini eziyi-110-120 ngemuva kokuhlwanyela Futhi i-radish ebusika ebusika yokuvuthwa okuphakathi isilungele ukuvunwa ngezinsuku ezingama-80. Ungasusa ukuthi ususa nini isithombisi esimnyama kuya ngezinhlobonhlobo ezikhethiwe.
Ukuze kugcinwe iziqongo, izithombo zezimpande ziyasuswa, zomiswa kancane endaweni emnyama, epholile bese zibekelwa ukugcinwa egumbini elingaphansi komhlaba. Isithombo siqukethe usawoti wamaminerali, izakhi zokulandela umkhondo kanye namafutha abalulekile. Umkhiqizo osiza kakhulu futhi uyindlela yokwelashwa emithini yendabuko.
EGrisi yasendulo, isithombo esimnyama sathathwa njengendlovukazi yemifino. Bakha ikhophi yegolide futhi bayiletha ku-Apollo njengesipho. Futhi eGibhithe, le imifino yayibhekwa njengokudla kwezigqila.
Kodwa-ke, iminyaka yeminyaka isidlulile, futhi isithombo sesikhula siba yimifino edingekayo kuwo wonke amazwekazi. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi lo mkhiqizo uphambaniswe nalabo abanezinkinga zezifo zezitho zangaphakathi esigabeni esibi.
Izitsha zokubamba iqhaza kwe-radish emnyama ziletha i-potassium emzimbeni, evusa izinqubo ezibalulekile. Lokhu kufana nosawoti wamaminerali, amavithamini kanye namaminerali. Kodwa-ke, uwoyela wesinaphi kanye nama-esters akhona ngokukhanya ngokugxila okuphezulu kuthukuthelisa izinso, isibindi kanye ne-gastrointestinal. Kumuntu ophilile, lesi senzo sivusa kuphela izitho ukuthi zisebenze. I-Gruel kusuka ku-radish ingasebenza njenge-mask yezinwele kanye ne-compress yokuhlangana kwezilonda. Ngakho-ke, isithombo kufanele sifakwe ekudleni okunempilo.
