Iminsalo yokuhlobisa - Ama-Alliums, ahlukahlukene kakhulu futhi ayakwazi ukuhlobisa noma iyiphi ingadi ngamabhola aqhakazile ama-inflorescence awo. Izitshalo ezinamagobolondo ezingabekezeleleki ziqala ukuqhakaza ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo futhi isikhathi eside "ziqhebeze" ngenhla kobuhle. Futhi ngisho nangemva kokuqhakaza, ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa kwembewu, amakhanda okomisa we-anyanisi wokuhlobisa abukeka kahle kakhulu.
Bow Dutch 'Purple Surance'. © Jay PegI-anyanisi yokuhlobisa izihlobo ezisondelene zika-anyanisi ezijwayelekile ezidliwayo kanye negalikhi futhi ziyingxenye ye-anyanisi engaphansi (I-Alliaceae) Umndeni we-Amaryllis (Amaryllidaceae) Uma uhlikihla iqabunga, isiqu noma u-anyanisi wanoma yisiphi isitshalo esivela kulo mndeni, khona-ke kuzovela iphunga "u-anyanisi" noma "ugarliki". Emvelweni kunezinhlobo ezingamakhulu ambalwa zama-anyanisi ezikhula endaweni esenyakatho ye-hemisphere.
Amahlamvu angenamigqa noma anameva anjenge-anyanisi we-basal. Imbali ngayinye ka-anyanisi incane kakhulu ngosayizi, kepha izimbali zihlanganiswa zibe yi-inflorescence, enikeza isitshalo umphumela wokuhlobisa oyisisekelo.
Amabhola we-inflorescence kweminye iminsalo yokuhlobisa angafika ku-30 cm ubukhulu, ngokwesibonelo, umnsalo kaChristoph (I-Allium cristophii) Ama-anyanisi amaningi okuhlobisa aqhakaza ngoMeyi-Juni, kodwa futhi kunezinhlobonhlobo zezimbali zasekwindla. Ukuqhakaza kwezinhlobo ezithile kungahlala isikhathi eside impela futhi nangemva kokuqedwa kwaso lesi sitshalo ngeke kulahlekelwe ukubukeka kwayo okuhle. Ngakho-ke, amabhola omisiwe we-inflorescence ka-anyanisi kaChristophe wokuhlobisa abukeki ebukekayo engadini yasekwindla kunalena ekhanyayo onsomi entwasahlobo.
I-anyanisi enkulu 'i-Globalbemaster'. © amyIzici zokukhula anyanisi okuhlobisa
Indawoama-anyanisi amaningi anezithombe eziningi, ngakho-ke, akhetha izindawo ezinelanga kanye nemithambeka eseningizimu enenhlabathi evundile evulekile ekhishwa kahle. Ukukhanya okuhle kakhulu kunquma ubukhulu bemibala yezimbali namaqabunga.
Inhlabathi: Ukusabela okungathathi hlangothi kwesisombululo somhlabathi kukhethwa. Ku-pH engaphansi kwesi-5, inhlabathi kumele ibe ngumkhawulo.
Umanyolo: Lapho ulungiselela indawo yokutshala u-anyanisi, inhlabathi ivunwa ngamakhompiyutha abolile bese kufakwa umanyolo ogcwele wamaminerali, ngokubhekisele kwizinkomba zokuzala kwayo. Njengazo zonke izitshalo ze-bulb, u-anyanisi wokuhlobisa uthinta kakhulu ukuntuleka kwe-potassium enhlabathini. Umanyolo omuhle kakhulu we-potash kubo yi-ash ash.
Ukunisela: I-anyanisi ibekezelela kokubili isomiso esifushane kanye nokufakwa amanzi kancane kwenhlabathi. Ukuhlinzekelwa umswakama okwanele kuyisimo esidingekayo sokuthuthuka okujwayelekile kwezitshalo engxenyeni yokuqala yesikhathi sokukhula, lapho kwakhiwa imishini yamaqabunga kanye nesiqu sezimbali. Ngokuntuleka komswakama, ukukhula kwamaqabunga kuyayeka futhi kuphinde kuqale ngenkathi kuthambisa.
Umnsalo ogxilile 'Mount Everest'. © Pressebereich DehnerUkunakekelwa kokugoba ngomnsalo
Lapho kukhula izinhlobo zomhlobiso we-genus Allium endaweni efudumele, kungcono ukugaya ama-bulbs minyaka yonke ngemuva kokukhipha imbewu bese isula amaqabunga bese uyitshala futhi ekwindla.
Iqiniso ngukuthi u-anyanisi we-ephemeroid nezinhlobo eziningi ze-anyanisi ze-xerophytic zivela ebhandeni eliphakathi kwezintaba zase-Asia Ephakathi - isifunda esinezikhathi zasehlobo ezishisayo nezomile nezibandayo ezinamawundla avamile. Emakhaya ngemuva kokuphela kwesikhathi sokukhula ngasekupheleni kukaJuni, ama bulbu walezi zinhlobo asemhlabathini ofudumele owomile kuze kube sekupheleni. Akukho mvula kule nkathi.
Esifundeni esiphakathi neRussia, uma isigamu sesibili sehlobo sesinomswakama futhi sipholile, izinhlamvu ezisele emhlabathini zingathinteka yizifo nokubola. Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukuzisika ngaphandle, uzomise kahle futhi uzigcine endaweni yokushisa yasendlini egumbini elomile nelinomoya omncane kuze kube yilapho liwa. Ezindaweni ezinesimo esihle semvelo, ama-bulbs awakwazi ukumbiwa minyaka yonke, kepha lapho eba mkhulu, izitshalo zikhula zincanyana futhi ziqhakaza zibe zimbi kakhulu.
Ekwindla, ama atshalwa emva kokwehla kwezinga lokushisa kwenhlabathi nomoya, imvamisa eminyakeni eyishumi kaSeptemba. Izinga lokushisa elilungile le-rooting le-bulbs izinga lokushisa kwenhlabathi endaweni yokukwenziwa kwezimpande ezingeni le-10 ° С. Ukujula kokutshala kwezinhlamvu kunqunywa kusukela ekubalweni ukuze ngenhla kwendawo ephezulu lapho kunengqimba yomhlaba elingana namaphakeme amathathu we-bulb uqobo. Ngakho-ke, ama-bulbs amakhulu atshalwe ajule kakhulu kunezincane.
Kungcono ukutshala ku-groove enomswakama, ngaphezulu kokutshala kuhlanganiswe nge-humus noma i-peat, okufanele ivikele ukwakheka kokuqothuka kwenhlabathi. Ekwindla, ukukhula kwezimpande kuyaqhubeka kuze kube yilapho izinga lokushisa kwenhlabathi endaweni yokuvela kwazo lehla laya ku-2-3 ° C. Amabhule ezinhlobo ezithile - inundu, i-Ostrovsky, pink, eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, anyanisi oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka - zingatshalwa ekwindla nasentwasahlobo ngemuva kokubekelwa endaweni epholile, eyomile. U-anyanisi omncane ugcinwa kangcono ku-peat noma ku-sawdust ukuze uvikeleke ukuthi ome.
Umnsalo kaChristophe. © HlelaIzinhlobo ze-Bulbous-rhizome zikhule ngendlela yesiko futhi zisakazwa ngokuhlukaniswa kwezihlahla. Izitshalo zitshalwa emva kweminyaka engama-3-5, kwesinye isikhathi ngisho nangemva kweminyaka eyi-7, kepha kulokhu, ama-plantings kufanele ahlulwe bese angavumeli ukuzikhulula.
Izinsuku zokutshala ezilungile zisekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo futhi ngasekupheleni kwehlobo, ngethemba lokuthi abahlukanisi basuka kahle efrijini.
Njalo entwasahlobo, isiza kufanele sikhululwe kakhulu, sihlanzwe imfucumfucu yesitshalo nobumba lweqhwa. Ukunakekela izitshalo ngesikhathi sokukhula kuvamile - ukhula, ukhulula kanye nokulinganisa inhlabathi.
Izitshalo ziniselwa kuphela ngokuntuleka okucacile komswakama, zondliwa ngempela entwasahlobo ngemuva kokukhula kwamaqabunga, kanye nesigaba sokuqhakaza nokwakhiwa kwe-bulb nasekupheleni komanyolo wehlobo we-phosphorus-potassium ukuthuthukisa ubusika bezitshalo. Okokugqoka okuphezulu kwentwasahlobo, kusetshenziswa umanyolo wamaminerali (NPKMg) wama-microelements, kukhethwa amafomu anokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-nitrogen kwifomu le-nitrate. Ehlobo, umanyolo owuketshezi ngesisombululo samanyolo wamaminerali wenziwa. Ngesikhathi sokuphaka ngo-Agasti, kufakwa umquba we-granular phosphorus-potassium in form eyomile. Ebusika, ukutshala kungenziwa okuhlanganisiwe nge-peat noma nge-humus.
Ukusakazeka kwe-anyanisi yokuhlobisa
U-anyanisi osatshalaliswa yimbewu futhi ngokusakhayo.
Imbewu ihlwanyelwa entwasahlobo noma ekwindla. Izithombo zingena zingene emigqeni ekhanyiswe kahle. Ngokusakazeka kwembewu, amaphuzu amabili abalulekile kufanele acatshangwe. Okokuqala, imbewu yezinhlobo eziningi, isibonelo i-xerophytic ephemeroids - imidondoshiya, i-aflatunsky, igxiliwe, njll. Akukona njalo ukubuyisa esikhundleni sempilo efanayo yeshelu lezimbewu esiqandisini. Futhi okwesibili, lapho sezikhulile kusuka ezinhlanyelweni, izinhlobo eziningi ze-anyanisi - anzura, ugarliki wasendle, njll - ziyaqhakaza ngonyaka we-3-8, kuphela ngemuva kokuthi ama-bulbu efinyelele isisindo esanele ukukhula okuzala. Ama-anyanisi we-Ephemeroid anesikhathi esifushane semifino yonyaka anesigaba esikhulu kunazo zonke sentsha.
Ukusatshalaliswa kwemifino kwezinhlobo zezinhlobo ezinamandla kuyenzeka ngesikhathi sokuhlanganiswa kwamagatsha (ukwahlukaniswa) kwezinhlamvu nokwakhiwa kwezingane ezine-bulb, kukhula ezansi nasezinsikeni zesibani sikamama. Izinga lokuxhuma kwe-bulb kanye namandla okwenza izingane yizimpawu zezinhlobo. Izinhlobo zeRhizome, eziphawuleka ngamagatsha asebenzayo amahlumela, zikhiqiza ikakhulukazi ngokuhlukanisa isihlahla.
Lapho kukhula izitshalo ezivela ezinhlanyelweni, izihlahla zingahlukaniswa ngonyaka wesithathu wokuphila. Ukuhlukaniswa kuyizingxenye ze-rhizome ezinamahlumela amabili kuya kwamathathu anezimpande ezakhiwe kahle. Kuzo zonke izinhlobo, ama bulbs amancane, ama bulbs, angakheka kuma inflorescence. Ukwakheka kwabo kungashukumiseka ngokungenamuntu ngokusika ama-buds kanye nokusebenza nabalawuli bokukhula. Amabhomu angasetshenziselwa ukutshala. Le yinto ebalulekile, ehleliwe, emncane nephytopathogenic yamahhala.
U-anyanisi onekhanda eliyindilinga. © uPatrick StandishUkusetshenziswa komnsalo wokuhlobisa ekwakheni
Umnsalo wokuhlobisa usetshenziselwa ukutshala kwamaqembu, imingcele yokuxuba, izinhlobo ezingaphansi - emadwaleni amatshe. Sika imicibisholo yokuhlobisa isikhathi eside, cishe amaviki ama-2, ukuhlobisa ingaphakathi, kanti nezitshalo ezomile zingasetshenziselwa izingcezu zokomisa ezomile. Ukusuka anyanisi, ungakha ingadi yezimbali eziqhubekayo.
Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo zokuhlobisa u-anyanisi
Umnsalo wokuhlobisa "i-Globemaster" - umfaniswano omuhle kakhulu wengadi. Kuqala ukuqhakaza ngoJuni, futhi kuvame ukuphela ngokuqala kwekwindla. Ama-inflorescence ama-spherical, anobubanzi obungafika ku-25 cm, aqukethe izimbali eziningi ezimile ngenkanyezi. Ama-Peduncle avela phakathi kwamaqabunga aluhlaza acwebezelayo afinyelela ukuphakama kwama-80 cm.
Umnsalo wokuhlobisa "Isinxephezelo esiyinhloso" - Uhlobo lwensimu eyaziwayo yomnsalo wokuhlobisa womsuka we-hybrid onezimbali ezimnyama ezibubende. Abamele lezinhlobonhlobo baphinde bavuswe yimbewu. Imvamisa, kufinyelela ku-70 cm ukuphakama, ngeziqu ezinamabuko amancane, kuvela amaqabunga afinyelela ku-4 cm ububanzi nezimbali ezimnyama ezinde zindebe.
Umnsalo wokuhlobisa "Mount Everest" - umnsalo wokuhlobisa onezimbali ezinkulu ezimhlophe nemicibisholo emide ekhula ibe ngamasentimitha ayi-120. Amaqabunga esimo esihle ahlala eluhlaza isikhathi eside. Izambulela eziyisiyingi ezinobubanzi obungamasentimitha ayi-15 ziqukethe amashumi amaningana ezimbali ezimise okwenziwe ngenkanyezi. Ama-cut inflorescence asetshenziselwa ukwenza izingcezu zezimbali.
I-anyanisi enezinwele ezijikelezayo 'Izinwele'. © uPatrick StandishUmnsalo wokuhlobisa "Izinwele" - umnsalo wokuhlobisa onezimbali ezingafani namaqabunga aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Kusetshenziswe kahle ezingadini zezimbali zezimbali nokusika. Isitshalo esinephunga elimnandi, elisakazeka kalula, asilethi ubunzima emasikweni. Ilungele iziqukathi, ukusikwa okuningana, imingcele nokusika. Ama-blooms aqhamuka ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo amasonto ama-3.
Orional Orchid umqhele inhloko, noma ibhola-in (I-Allium sphaerocephalon) isitshalo esihle kakhulu esingatshalwa emibhedeni yezimbali namanye amakhambi. Ibekwa otshanini notshani, kanye naphakathi kwezihlahla zezithelo noma ngaphansi kwazo, njengoba kuvame ukwenziwa eNgilandi. Lapho utshala ngamaqembu amakhulu, umnsalo ophethwe yibhola ubukeka ngendlela emangalisayo ngangokunokwenzeka.
Umnsalo weSchubert. © SimoneUmnsalo wokuhlobisa we-Schubert (I-Allium schubertii) akujwayelekile kangako ukuthi okokuqala lapho ubona lesi sitshalo, ngeke uqonde masinyane ukuthi yi-anyanisi. Iqhakaza ngoJuni. Lesi sitshalo sivame ukuotshalwa ngaphambili kwensimu yamatshe, lapho sidonsela ukunaka ukuthi sivela kuphi. Amablue awafani ekulweni neqhwa, ngakho-ke adinga indawo yokukhosela ebusika.
