Izwe lase-gusmania lingamahlathi ashisayo aseNingizimu Melika, lapho izitshalo zithanda ukuhlala khona iziqu nezimpande zabamele izimbali ezinkulu. Namuhla, isiko elivamile liyisitshalo esidumile sendlu, futhi kubalimi abaningi lo mbuzo ubalulekile: "Ungayinakekela kanjani i-guzmania ebhodweni?"
Yini okufanele ucabangele lapho unakekela i-guzmania ekhaya?
Indlela yokuphila ye-epiphyte, ekhipha konke okudingekayo ukuze kube khona okuvela emkhathini kanye nenhlabathi encane ye-alluvial, inqume izici ezithile zesakhiwo ne-guzmania.
Okokuqala, ifomu lokwakheka kwesiqobelo seqabunga, elingahloselwe nje kuphela ukuqinisekisa i-photosynthesis, kodwa futhi nokuqoqa umswakama wemvula, zonke izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, zidonsela ukunaka. Uhlelo lwezimpande lwe-guzmania, njengolunye lwe-epiphytes, luklanyelwe kancane ukukhipha izakhamzimba enhlabathini. Buthambile kakhulu futhi buthaka, kepha lezi izimpande:
- kutholakale ngokuphelele emoyeni kanye nenani elincane kakhulu lokuqongelela okungaphansi kwenhlansi ngaphansi kwendawo ephumayo futhi eceleni kwayo;
- hlinzeka ngokuqinisa okusheshayo kwesitshalo esihlahleni noma ezimpandeni zaso.
Ngokungafani nama-epiphytes athile, anikezwa isitshalo ahlala kuwo, i-guzmania ayisona isidumbu futhi iyazondla.
Isici esibalulekile sesiko ukuqhakaza kwaso isikhathi eside nokungajwayelekile. Yize izimbali uqobo lwazo zingenakubizwa ngokuthi zihle, kepha esikhathini esiningi azibonakali, kubathandi abaningi bezamasiko okuhlobisa, i-gusmania iyisimenywa esivunyiwe ekuqoqweni kwasekhaya ngokubonga izihloko ezikhanyayo ezifaka umqhele lapho kuphuma izimbali ezinyangeni ezintathu kuya kwezine.
Intshisekelo yesiko elixakile yinhle, kepha izici zemvelo zesitshalo zishiya umbono wokuqukethwe kwayo ekhaya, ekunakekeleni i-guzmania nokugcina ukuqhakaza kwayo.
Ungayinakekela kanjani i-guzmania ebunjiwe?
Ukuze isitshalo sizizwe sikhululekile endlini, sidinga izimo eziseduze kwalapho ikhula khona gusmania. Izidingo eziphambili yilezi:
- ekuhlinzekeni ukushisa;
- lapho kungekho okusalungiswa;
- ukuchelela njalo, kodwa hhayi ngokweqile;
- ekugcineni umswakama ophezulu;
- ngokugqoka okuphezulu okuphezulu kuyo yonke inkathi yemifino esebenzayo.
Emvelweni, ngaphansi kombhede wehlathi elishisayo, lesi sitshalo somoya oshisayo sifudunyezwa kufika ku-18-24 ° C. Kusebusika kuphela izinga lokushisa lehla kancane, futhi nge-guzmania kulesi sikhathi ukukhula ngo-16-18 ° C kuzoba ntofontofo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umswakama womoya, ikakhulukazi ezinyangeni zasehlobo, uyanda.
Ividiyo ephathelene nokunakekela i-guzmania ekhaya izosiza ukubuyisa isitoko solwazi ngalesi sitshalo esithandekayo futhi iqhubeke nomphumela wayo wokuhlobisa isikhathi eside.
Indawo engcono kakhulu ye-guzmania lapho isitshalo sikuso:
- uzothola isibani esikhanyayo kodwa esonakalisayo;
- ngeke kuvezwe umoya oshisayo owomile ovela kuma-radiator;
- uvikeleke kumoya obandayo nakuhlaka.
Indawo enhle yezimbali izoba ngamawindi asempumalanga noma asentshonalanga. I-gusmania enhle ihlangabezana ekujuleni kwe-loggia evuthayo eningizimu.
Uma ebusika umoya osekamelweni womile ngokweqile, ukunisela ngamaqabunga ngokulinganayo kwendawo ethengiswayo kuyenziwa njengengxenye yokunakekela i-guzmania ekhaya. Isitshalo sidinga inqubo efanayo ehlobo lapho izinga lokushisa lidlula i-28 ° C.
Ungaphuzisa kanjani i-guzmania?
IGusmania isitshalo esishisayo esidinga hhayi kuphela umoya omanzi kuphela, kepha nomhlabathi. Ngentwasahlobo, lapho umsebenzi wesilwane esiluhlaza ukhuphuka, isiko lihlinzekwa ukuthambisa ngokulinganayo nokugqoka okuphezulu. Kepha ngasikhathi sinye, babheka ngokucophelela ukuthi amanzi awagxilileli ebhodweni nasepanini, okusongela ukudala ukubola kwezimpande kanye nesisekelo sokuphuma.
Isitshalo esithola umswakama emvelweni kuphela kusuka ekushwabeni kwemvula asiphenduli kangcono ekuthepheni amanzi futhi singafa nokufa ngaso. Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokunisela i-guzmania, amanzi kufanele avikelwe noma adlule emhlolweni wokuthambisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umnikazi wesiko lasezindaweni ezishisayo udinga ukwazi ukuthi ehlobo, umswakama uthululwa engxenyeni ephakathi yokuphuma kwesitshalo. Ngendlela efanayo, ukufaka umquba emasikweni nakho kungenziwa.
Njengamanyolo we-guzmania, kufanelekile kakhulu ukuthatha imikhiqizo elungiselelwe eyenziwe yama-bromeliads noma usebenzise okokugqoka okuphezulu kwezitshalo zasekhaya ezinokuqukethwe kwe-nitrogen ephansi. Ukudlula kwalesi sakhi kungaba yingozi esitshalweni. Kuyinto engathandeki ukuthi i-calcium nitrate ne-superphosphate ibe yingxenye yokugqoka okuphezulu.
Amanzi asephulelo ayaqedwa futhi njengoba emunwa futhi egcotshwa, bese kuthi ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbili kukhishwe ngokuphelele futhi kufakwe okunye okusha.
Ebusika, umswakama uyasuswa esakhiweni ukuze uvikele ukubola kwesisekelo samahlamvu. Ngokuchelela okufanele, amaqabunga esitshalo anezwi elihle, awomile ngaphandle futhi awaphenduki ophuzi isikhathi eside.
Ungayifaka kanjani i-guzmania ezimweni zekamelo?
IGuzmania ithengiswa kakade ukuqhakaza, ngakho-ke ngemuva kokuthengwa, lesi sitshalo akufanele sidluliselwe kabusha ngokushesha. Kungcono ukukwenza lokhu ngemuva kwamasonto ambalwa, lapho imbali iduma kancane.
Ukwenza isilwanyana esiluhlaza siphile futhi sinakekele i-gusmania, njengasesithombeni, yayilula futhi isebenza kahle, kufanele ukhethe imbiza ebanzi, kodwa hhayi ejulile.
Ngaphansi kwethangi yenza ungqimba we-drainage, futhi njenge-substrate sebenzisa ingxube eqediwe yama-bromeliads. Ungathatha inhlabathi ngokwakho usebenzisa:
- humus;
- Peat;
- isihlabathi esihlanganayo;
- umhlabathi we-turf;
- loam.
Izakhi zihlanganiswa ngezilinganiso ezilinganayo, bese izinaliti ezichotshoziwe nezinamafutha, i-sphagnum kanye nezingcezu ezincane zamalahle zengezelelwa kwisakhiwana sokwenza i-friability kanye ne-airiness.
Dlulisa kusuka ebhodweni elidala uye kwisitshalo esisha esidala ngokucophelela, uzama ukugcina zonke izimpande ezikhona. Isokisi alingcwatshwa, kanti inhlabathi ngemuva kokufakelwa ihlanganiswe kahle. Okumangalisa kakhulu yizitshalo ze-guzmania, okuthi, njengoba zinjalo emvelo, zitshalwe endaweni yokuphumula ku-snag, noma zisetshenziswe ekwakhekeni kwamagxolo noma ngesidumbu. Kulokhu, ukuphuma kuzodingeka ukuthi kuhlanganiswe ngocingo kuze kube yilapho izimpande ze-guzmania zilungisiwe futhi zingakwazi ukunikeza isikhundla esiqinile s imbali.
Ngeshwa, impilo yokuphuma komuntu omdala iphelela lapho i-peduncle ibole. Kepha ungapheli amandla. Uma ukunakekelwa kwe-guzmania, njengasesithombeni, kwenziwa kahle, izitshalo impilo yonke zilondolozela ubukhazikhazi nobukhazikhazi bokuphuma, ukuqhakaza futhi kunikeze amahlumela amancane. Phansi kwesakhiwo esikhulu, kuvela ama-gusmania amancane, okulula ukuwatshala uma esinezimpande zawo. Lokhu kwenziwa kangcono entwasahlobo ekuqaleni kokuvuka kwesizini.
Ukuze "izingane" zikhule ngokushesha futhi zibe ngcono, isitshalo esidala sanquma umgadli owaqala ukubuna. Isilinganiso esinjalo sizosindisa i-guzmania yamandla futhi sizokwenza ukuthi kutholakale izinto zokutshala ezisezingeni elifanele kakhulu.
Kusukela lapho amahlumela ebonakala eqhuma, okungenani iminyaka engama-2-3 kumele idlule. Ngasikhathi sinye, i-guzmania encane kuzofanele ikhuthazwe ngobuciko ukuba yakhele ama-buds. Ukuze wenze lokhu, lesi sitshalo sidluliselwa egumbini lapho izinga lokushisa liphakanyiselwa ku-26-27 ° C, bese kuthi ngemuva kwesikhashana libuyele ezimeni ezijwayelekile.
