Ukukhula nokunakekela i-freesia ekhaya

I-freesia enomusa ibhekwa njengesitshalo okunzima ukusikhulisa. Kodwa-ke, kuyasiza ukudala izimo ezintofontofo zembali (izinga lokushisa, ukwakheka kwenhlabathi efanelekile, umswakama), futhi izosabela ngokubonga ekunakekelweni, ngisho nangokulima kwasekhaya. Yikuphi ukunakekelwa okuthandwa yi-freesia?

Incazelo kanye nesimo se-freesia

UFreesia (obizwa nangokuthi i-friesia ne-freesia, ovela kwi-Latin freesia) uyimele yomndeni omkhulu we-iris (iris). Umhlaba wakhe wokuzalwa yiCape Floristic Region eSouth-West Africa.

I-cnnial herbaceous corm isitshalo. Amacembe amade kanye nama-peduncle anwebeka kusuka kusisekelo esisodwa. Ama-petals wezimbali ezinjenge-bell, ezifana nodaka lwendwangu, kungaba yimibala ethandekayo monster - pink, nsomi, mhlophe, orenji, lilac, bomvu, luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.

Izimbali ezinobukhulu obuphakathi zixhunywe yizicucu ezi-5-10 kuma-inflemcence ama-single-genemose inflorescence. Banephunga elimnandi elingalibaleki.

Ngekhulu le-19, lesi sitshalo sasithandwa e-Europe; sasitshalwe ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo zasebukhosini. Izimbali ezinhle zethulwe kuma-aristocrat. Ukunambitheka okucashile "lily kwesigodi" lapho wenza izingoma zamakha.

Ngenxa yezimpumelelo zokukhethwa, "ushiye" amagumbi okugcina izimbali futhi manje uzizwa esemkhathini evulekile emapaki, izingadi nasezindlini zasehlobo. Ama-Connoisseurs akhulisa le mbali ebabazekayo kusiko lamagumbi.

Ukubukwa Okudumile Kakhulu

I-International Database ibala izinhlobo eziyi-16 nezinhlobo ezingama-200 ze-freesia. Kaningi kunabanye bakhula kanjalo.
Freesia armstrongii - U-Armstrong. Iqhakaza ngoMeyi nangoJuni. Inikezwe ngezinyawo izimbali ezakhiwe kahle. Izimbali ezipinki nezibomvu.

I-Freesia Refracta -Uphukile. I-compact ebaluleke kakhulu yama-freesias (afinyelela ku-0,4 m ukuphakama) kanye nokuqhakaza kwezimbali zokuqala. Ama-inflorescences abukeka e-fluffy ngenxa yezimbali ezimhlophe ezimhlophe noma zegolide.

I-Freesia hybrida - hybrid, etholakala ngokuwela f. fracta kanye f. Armstrongii. Kakhulu futhi kukhanya kunezinhlobo zabazali, isitshalo esinamagatsha anamanzi sikhula sifinyelela kumamitha ayi 1. Izimbali zikhulu, ama-inflorescence makhulu.

Izinhlobonhlobo ezinezimbali eziphindwe kabili nezincane ziyabhulwa. Umbala we-inflorescences uhlukile - mhlophe, uphuzi nabanye. Imvamisa ikhuliswa njengesitshalo sobumba.

Okudingayo ukunaka

Ngaphambi kokuthola i-freesia, kuyasiza ukufunda ngezici zayo:

• imbali ikhule ekhaya ebhodweni, endaweni evulekile, noma ku-greenhouse;
• I-Freesia eyebiwe ekwindla ingatshalwa ebusika njengembali engaphakathi;
• isitshalo sasekhaya ingaqhakaza nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka, kulokhu, ngaphambi kokutshala okulandelayo kommbungu, udinga ukunikeza isikhathi sokuphumula sezinyanga ezintathu; isibani esitshalwe ngo-Okthoba sizonikeza izihlahla zikanokusho eziqhakaza izimbali ngoJanuwari;
• isitshalo uthanda ukufudumala kepha hhayi ukushisa;
• udinga indawo ekhanyayo kakhulu, kepha evikelwe yilanga;
• amaqabunga entekenteke nama-peduncle ukusekelwa okudingekayo;
• i-freesia idinga ukugqoka okungaphezulu, ukuthambisa inhlabathi nomoya, kepha ngokweqile kwabo, isisindo esiluhlaza siyakhula, nokuqhakaza kwezimbali akwenzeki.

Ngokunakekelwa okungafanele, i-freesia iyenqaba ukuqhakaza, ngakho-ke udinga ukugcina ngokucophelela imithetho yobuchwepheshe bezolimo.

Ukufakelwa

Kukhula Potts ekhaya

Ngokwesiko lamagumbi ingatshalwa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka.

Ngokutshala ebhodweni kudingeka uthathe umthamo ophakeme (okungenani 20-25 cm), onobubanzi obungamasentimitha ayi-14-18. Ama bulbu ambalwa, kusuka ku-5 kuya ku-8, atshalwe endishini eyodwa, kuye ngosayizi webhodwe.

Lesi sitshalo sibekwa endaweni egcwele kahle, eningizimu noma empumalanga ewindini, sinikeze ithuba lokusitha kancane imbali ngezinsuku ezishisayo ilanga. Ukukhula kudinga usuku olukhanya lwamahora ayi-12-14.

Uma kunesidingo, hlela ukukhanya okwengeziwe. Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza izimbali, ubude bokukhanya bokwehlisa bungamahora ambalwa.

Gcina izinga lokushisa:

• ngesikhathi sokuhluma ama-degree angama-13-16;
• ngesikhathi sokukhula kwamaqabunga ama-18-20 degrees;
• lapho ihluma futhi iqhakaza izimbali ezingama-20-25.

Ukufakelwa

Emhlabathini ovulekile etshalwe ngo-Ephreli. Inhlabathi ngesikhathi sokutshala kufanele ifudumele kuze kufike ku-12-15 degrees. Ukuze zifike, zikhetha indawo evikelekile emoyeni nasemisebeni yelanga eqondile. Inketho enhle kakhulu isemthunzini olula lwezihlahla eziphansi ezinqenayo.

Kubalulekile ukukhetha isikhathi esiqondile sokufika. Emhlabathini opholile, ukukhula kwezimbali kuzoma, isitshalo sizokhiqiza amahlamvu amakhulu, futhi ngeke siqhakaze.

Kulokhu, amahlumela angavela ekuseni kakhulu futhi awela ngaphansi kwamaqhwa okubuya. Ukuhlehlisa lugcwele amahlumela sekwephuzile, khona-ke isikhathi sokukhula sizoba ngezinsuku ezishisa kakhulu, futhi ezingasisebenzisi i-freesia.

Ngokufika kwe-curb, umsele ulungiswa ngokujula nobubanzi befosholo le-bayonet noma nje ngaphezulu. Okwenzelwe wedwa, imigodi enobukhulu obufanayo ayenziwa. Ama-recesses alungiselelwe agcwaliswa ngengxube yenhlabathi.

Imithetho ejwayelekile

Ngompheki we-freesia inhlabathi evundile evundile:

• umquba obolile
• humus;
• umlotha wezinkuni;
• isidlo sethambo;
• potassium sulfate ne-superphosphate (ngokwemiyalo yomenzi).

UFreesia ukhetha ukungathathi hlangothi ph. Ukwehlisa i-acidity, ufulawa we-dolomite noma lime kufanele ungezwe.

Qiniseka ukuthi uhlela ungqimba lwedamu usebenzisa:

• isihlabathi semifula ehlanganayo
• ingxenyenamba encane yobumba
• i-vermiculite

Amabhuleki asanda kuthengwa futhi agcinwe esiqandisini dinga ukufudumala ekushiseni okungaba ngama-20 degreesibekwe ngaphezulu kwesitsha samanzi. Ngaphambi kokutshala, zigcinwa endaweni epholile enamazinga okushisa angama-8-12 degrees.

Ukuvimbela izifo fungal ngaphambi kokutshala corms imizuzu 40-60 kugcinwe isixazululo fung fung, I-Fitosporin noma i-potanganum permanganate. Kuhle ukufaka isivuseleli sokukhula. Amabhule atshalwe kumuntu obukhulu obungama-5- 10 cm. Lapho inhlabathi inzima kakhulu, ama-bulbs amancane kufanele angcwatshwe.

Amapulangwe ayaniselwa futhi asungula ukusekelwa kwezitshalo ezizayo. Kungaba izakhiwo ezikhethekile zepulasitiki noma zocingo, noma igridi yamawele amancane. Njengoba ama-freesias amancane ekhula, amaqabunga awo aqondiswa ngokucophelela kwizisekeli.

Imithetho yokunakekela izitshalo

Nakekela i-freesia kanje:

• kabili ngenyanga bondliwe ngomanyolo wamaminerali oncibilikisiwe emanzini (20 g kasawoti we-potassium no-40 g we-superphosphate ngebhakede lamanzi);
• ehlobo njalo kusihlwa afafazwe futhi aminyanise umhlaba ngezikhathi ezithilengaphandle kokoma ngaphandle;
• susa ukhula bese ukhulula inhlabathi;
• anqume amabhulashi aphelile, anqamule i-peduncle yesithathu.

Ukuzalela

Ichaziwe ama-bulbs nembewu. Kaningi sebenzisa indlela yokuqala.

Kumabhuleki abantu abadala ayakhiwa anyanisi omncane - izingane. Atshaliwe, futhi makhulu futhi ayakhula.

Izitshalo ezinjalo aziqhakaza. Lapho ukuqhakaza kwama-freesias avuthiwe, kubuna, futhi sekumbiwe ukugcinwa, yenza okufanayo nasezinganeni ezikhulile. Ngonyaka olandelayo kuphela, lezi zinhlamvu zizonikeza i-freesia ephelele yokuqhakaza.

Ukusakazwa kwembewu - inqubo idla isikhathi, yinde, ayiphumeleli njalo. Ekwindla, imbewu ibekwa phezu kwenhlabathi evundile, ifafazwe kancane, yomiswe futhi embozwe ngengilazi noma ngefilimu.

Ukhuphuke ngemuva kwenyanga futhi uqinise izithombo ezacile, indawo yokukhosela iyasuswa. Ezinyangeni ezimbalwa kamuva, ngoMeyi, izithombo zitshalwa njengezithombo zabantu abadala, zifihla umhlabathi, umthunzi.

Ukulimazeka kwezifo nokulawula

Uma i-freesia igula, imvamisa kakhulu ukuthi:

• isibazi;
• ukubola;
• ama-thrips, izibungu zesicabucabu noma ama-aphid.

Ngokuvimbela izizathu ezimbili zokuqala, ukwelashwa kokuvimbela ama-bulbs kwenziwa ngaphambi kokutshala.

Ama-insecticides asetshenziswa ekulawulweni kwezinambuzane.

Ekunakekelwa kwe-freesia, ukuthola izitshalo eziqhakazayo zezimbali, udinga ukulandela imithetho embalwa elula. Kepha labo ababethembayo futhi abanenhlonipho, abaye bafunda ukuhambisana nalokhu okuhle kakhulu, bayaziqhenya ngekhono labo futhi bathola ukuqashelwa ngabasebenza nabo kanye nokunconywa kwabathandi bobuhle.