Ubulungisa obunemibala nobukhulu

Amabhulokhi obuqili obujwayelekile, ukufihla izimbali ezimhlophe okuhlaba umxhwele kanye namahlamvu acwebezelayo anikeza lesi sitshalo ukubukeka okuhle nokuxakile. Ukufuna ukunakekelwa, kepha hhayi izimo ezikhulayo, ubulungiswa obuhle-Jacobinia bungesinye sezitshalo ezifashisa kunazo zonke, ezinamaqabunga amahle nezimbali. Lesi yisilo esihle sokwakhiwa kwamagumbi okuhlala, isichasiso sakho esinezifiso futhi esimnandi kakhulu esibukeka sihle unyaka wonke.

Justice Brandege, Jacobinia Brandege (Justicia brandegeeana). © Jenifer Hanen

Ubuhle obukhanyayo nobungajwayelekile ngezimbali eziqhakazayo

Ubulungiswa, obuyimbangela yengxabano enkulu phakathi kwabatshali bezimbali nososayensi, namuhla bangagcina ngokuziqhenya ngohlelo oluhlelekile, hhayi lokuhlukaniswa okuqondile. Yize abaningi beqhubeka nokubiza lobu buhle njengethonsi elimhlophe le-perone, amagama "wezomthetho" kuphela alesi sitshalo ubulungiswa (UJustica) kanye UJacobinia (jacobinia) Izitshalo, ezitholakala emasikweni endlu ngaphansi kwamagama, iningi lazo zingabamele uhlobo lwezobulungiswa, iJacobines efanele ayivamile. Kepha njengoba isitshalo ngasinye sinegama elifanayo elivela kuhlobo "lwakamakhelwane", la masiko angabizwa ngokuthi bobabili ubulungiswa noJacobin banelungelo eliphelele. Mhlawumbe ngokuzayo, ama-botanists azokwazi ukukuqeda lokhu kudideka, kepha namuhla uJacobin nobulungiswa bahlala bengamagama afanele esitshalo esifanayo. Lapho uthenga, qiniseka ukuthi unaka igama lohlobo oluthile lwesitshalo, hhayi igama elithi "umndeni". Ngemuva kwakho konke, ezinye izinhlobo ziyahlukahluka ohlotsheni lwezimbali kanye nezidingo zobusika.

Ukubonakala kobulungiswa kukhumbuza kancane amakhandlela adumile engadi yonyaka anama-inflorescence angajwayelekile, yingakho evame ukubizwa ngokuthi ngaphakathi endlini. Yize ukwakheka kokukhula kanye nohlaza okuluhlaza kude kukude namanga. Lezi izihlahlana zaseNingizimu Melika ezinezimbali ezingama-evergreen zihlanganisiwe impela ngosayizi: ngisho nangemvelo, iJacobin ngeke idlule i-1.5 m. , onqenqemeni oluhle oluqondile, amaqabunga aphelele. E-Jacobinia ehlukile, umbala wabo uvela kumotley kuya eluhlaza. Izimbali ezingama-single tubular cishe azizimpawu zezinhlobo zasendlini. Lapho ama-inflorescence amakhulu amise okomhlambo kanye nama-symmetric ejwayelekile. Kepha akuzona izimbali ezibanika ukuhlobisa, kepha amabhulashi acishe afihle ngokuphelele: aphakanyisiwe, anemibala egqamile, ovame ukungxantathu noma omile ngamaqabunga, akha ama-spikelets amangalisayo ngobulungiswa, futhi kwamanye amaJacobins aqoqwe ngoxhaxekile.

Justice Brandegee (Justicia brandegeeana). © candiru

Isikimu sombala weJacobin ngokwemvelo sifaka imibala ebomvu, owolintshi kanye nemibala emhlophe. Kepha ezinhlotsheni eziningi, izinhlobo ezimibalabala ezimhlophe zavinjwa ngemizamo yabafuyi, futhi ngakwezobulungiswa, umbala oyisisekelo upinki ogqamile.

Ama-bracts wangempela ahlobisa isitshalo ngokoqobo cishe unyaka wonke. Futhi yisikhathi sokuqhakaza, ubuhle obuvela kuleplanethi eseyisiqinisekiso esiyisisekelo sokuthandwa kwayo namuhla. Ngemuva kwakho konke, ubulungiswa abubukeki buhle nje, kepha buhlala buhlotshiswe ngama-inflorescence abushelelezi anemibala eyahlukahlukene. Kuliqiniso, izimbali ezimhlophe ngokwazo, ezifihlwe ngokuphephile ngamabhulokhi, ziyaqhakaza ngokushesha okukhulu, kepha ukuqala kwesigaba sokubekwa kwembewu akubathinti ubuhle bamabhuleki, abaqhubeka nokubambelela esitshalweni isikhathi esingangezinyanga ezintathu.

Izinhlobo Zobulungiswa (Jacobinius)

Ubulungiswa bunezinhlobo eziningi ezikhangayo, futhi ngisho ne-assortment yasendlini engaphakathi ifaka izinhlobo ezingaphezu kweshumi nambili ezihlukile.

Ummeleli othandwa kakhulu womndeni uthathwa njengeBrandeji noma iBrandege Justice (Justicia brandegeeana) - ngokubukeka kufana nesihlahla esikhanyayo, isitshalo esine-herbaceous esisuka ku-40 cm kuya ku-1 m ukuphakama. Isitshalo kulula ukusilawula ngokuthena izihlahla, futhi lapho sithenga izinsalela, sikulungele ukukhula okusheshayo: ezikhungweni zezimbali zobulungiswa, zivame ukuphathwa kakhulu ngemithi evimbela ukuvimbela ukukhula kube lukhuni . Amahlumela athi drooping kancane. Kulobu bulungiswa, amaqabunga amahle kakhulu, angama-ovoid, anezeluleko ezicijile kanye nomphetho oqinile, isithombe esihle sobuso. Amaqabunga afinyelela ku-7 cm ubude.Izimbali ezimhlophe zifihlwe ngaphansi kwamabhuleki aphuzi, abomvu noma ahlukahlukene, enza izindlebe ezithambile ze-inflorescence afinyelela ku-10 cm ubude (ziyaqhakaza kuphela emaphethelweni amagatsha). Amabhuleki afana kakhulu ngesimo se-hops, atholakala ngephethini eyakhiwe, enza ukukhohlisa ngama-inflorescence of hops engadini.

Justice Brandege. © 素珍徐

Ezinye izinhlelo zezobulungiswa zihlukile kulolu hlobo ngamahlamvu kanye nezimbali:

ubulungiswa bomzimba noma inyama ebomvu (Justicia carnea) i-flaunts imisa amakhanda ama-inflorescence aqine njengogqinsi olunamabhulokhi wolimi olude, umbala okhanyayo opinki, amahlumela wokuhluma aqondile futhi awabuthakathaka, anamaqabunga amakhulu (afinyelela ku-20 cm);
UJacobin waseGizbrecht (jacobinia ghiesbreghtiana) - isihlahla esidala esingamamitha eside esinamahlumela amahle wokuhluma, amaqabunga amakhulu esikhumba aqabunga afinyelela ku-10-15 cm ubude nezimbali ezingama-2-4 eziqoqiwe eziqoqwe kumaqabunga amaqabunga, ngombala obomvu ovuthayo, ishubhu ende futhi ihlukaniswe ngama-lobes ezindebe eziphakeme nezingaphansi;
ubulungiswa floribunda (Justicia floribunda), sinegama elaziwa kangcono Izimbali ezisezingeni eliphansi zaseJacobini (jacobinia pauciflora) noma Justice Rizzini (Justicia rizzinii) - Okuqhakaza kakhulu, kumelana nokubanda, kuphansi, kungama-30-50 cm amade, okunamahlumela amahle alengisiwe, amaqabunga ama-elliptical aze abe ngu-7 cm ubude (amahlamvu angaphansi alincane kunaphezulu kwamahlumela) nezimbali zodwa, ezibomvu ophuzi ziyaqhuma kulo lonke ihlumela kuya 2 cm ubude nge-tube emabalale.

Ubulungiswa be-floribunda (Justicia floribunda). © ama-clicrbs

Ukunakekelwa Kwezobulungiswa Ekhaya

Ubulungiswa, ngisho nabatshali bezimbali abangenalwazi abakwazi ukubizwa ngokuthi izitshalo ezingama-moody. Zidinga ukugcinwa njalo, ungabekezeleli ukomiswa okuphelele kwe-substrate kanye nomswakama ophansi. Kodwa ngaphandle kokunakwa okuqashelwe, azikho izinkinga ezikhethekile ezizolethwa. IJacobinia, lapho kuqhakaza khona izimbali zeshubhu kulo lonke ihlumela, kubaluleke kakhulu ebusika, ubulungiswa obusezingeni eliphezulu nobubuningi buyamangaza "ngokukhononda."

Ukukhanyisela Ubulungiswa

Enye yezinzuzo eziphambili zobulungiswa kubhekwe kufanelekile njengekhono lokuqhakaza cishe unyaka wonke, ngisho nasethunzini elithile. Lesi sitshalo asithandi ukukhanya kwelanga ngqo, kepha sikhetha ukukhanya noma okungenani izindawo ezinombala omncane. Ngenxa yokuthi ubulungiswa bungatshalwa emthunzini oyingxenye, kusetshenziswe kahle ekuhlobiseni okungaphakathi, kodwa ehlobo kuphela: ngesizini ebandayo, le mihlebo kumele iboniswe ezindaweni ezinokhanya kahle. Uyakwazi ukubekezelela ngokuphelele ukukhanya kokufakelwa, okuhambisana ngokuphelele nemodi yokukhanya okuncane. Futhi ngenkathi okuqukethwe ekukhanyiseni okwenziwe ngamathambo kungathinti ubukhulu bezitshalo eziqhakazayo.

Lapho kukhula uJacobins ngenkathi efudumele emoyeni ovulekile, kungcono ukuthi bahlinzeke indawo enomthunzi omncane futhi bavikele isitshalo ngokuthembekile emisebeni yelanga yaphakathi nosuku.

Ukushisa okunethezekayo

Ubulungiswa bokushisa abufuni nhlobo. Zonke izitshalo zanamuhla, ezivame ukwenziwa ezihlanganisiwe zizizwa zizinhle ezimweni zamakamelo. Ngesikhathi sentwasahlobo nehlobo, iJacobinia izokhetha amazinga okushisa ukusuka kuma-20 kuye kwangama-25 degrees Celsius.
Umbuso wobusika uvame ukukhawulelwa kumazinga ajwayelekile we-16-20. Noma kungcono ukucacisa ukuthi hlobo luni lobulungiswa bobusika obusetshenziselwa lapho uthenga, njengomthetho, lesi sitshalo sizozizwa sikhululekile endaweni efanayo nawe. Izinga lokushisa lasebusika livumela ukwehla kuya kuma-degree Celsius ayi-16, kepha izimo ezinjalo zikhethwa ngobulungiswa bomzimba, kune-Jacobinia Brandeji. Izinhlobo ezimbili ezikhiqiza izimbali hhayi eziqongweni nje kuphela, kepha nasezinhlangeni eziseceleni - iJacobin yaseGizbrecht kanye nobulungiswa be-floribunda - zidinga ukubekwa ezimweni ezipholile ebusika kusuka ku-10 kuya ku-12 degrees Celsius ukukhuthaza ukubeka kwezimbali. Lapho ubusika busefudumele lwalezi zilungiswa ngeke buqhakaze nakancane. Kepha ngakolunye uhlangothi, ama-Jacobines anjalo angakhishwa kumakhalkoni nasezandeni ehlobo.

Ubulungiswa bomzimba noma obomvu benyama, uMzimba uJacobin (uJustica carnea). © Shihmei Barger

Ukunisela nomswakama

Ukugcina umswakama ophelela ubulungiswa kuyingxenye eyinhloko futhi eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu yokunakekelwa kwezitshalo. Ubulungiswa budinga umswakama ongaphansi komhlaba, ukuthambisa okuphakathi nendawo. Phakathi kwezinqubo, kuphela ingxenye engenhla yesigatshana okufanele yomile, cishe amasentimitha angama-2-3. Ukusunduzeka kwamanzi enhlabathini kufanele kugwenywe ngokuwakhhipha masinyane ngemuva kokunisela kusuka kumaphallet futhi njalo nokubheka ukomiswa kwaphezulu kwenhlabathi ngaphambi kokunisela okulandelayo. Isomiso sobulungiswa asemukeleki.

Umbuso wobulungiswa basebusika akufanele ushintshe kakhulu, kepha ushintsho. Uma ugcina umswakama ojulile we-substrate, lesi sitshalo sizolahla amahlamvu. Ngakho-ke, kusukela ngo-Okthoba kuze kube nguNovemba, ubulungiswa bugcinwa endaweni engaphansi nomswakama omnene, lapho ungqimba oluphakathi luphinde luphele. I-coma yobumba ayikwazi ukoma ngokuphelele, ngoba kuzoholela kumphumela ofanayo nowokweqile. Kakhulu ukunciphisa ukuncipha kobulungiswa, ubusika bupholile, buncane - kulezo zitshalo ezihlala emazingeni okushisa asekamelweni njalo.

Justice Rizzini (Justicia rizzinii). © andrea signorini

Kunomswakama ngisho nangokwengeziwe wokugcina umswakama ophezulu. Ubulungiswa buzolahlekelwa ngokushesha ubukhazikhazi bawo obuthandekayo, imibala namaqabunga, namabhulokhi, uma kukhula esimeni sezulu esomile kakhulu. Kwezobulungiswa, izinkomba zokuswakama komoya kusuka ku-60-65% zamukeleka kancane; izihlahla zokubukeka zibukeka zingcono kakhulu kumswakama ongu-75-85% Ukuqinisekisa izimo ezintofontofo, kungcono ukusebenzisa indlela ehlangene:

beka isitshalo kumathileyi nge-moss emanzi noma amatshe abilayo;
ukufafaza njalo.

Futhi ngokufafaza amaqabunga, nokunisela iJacobin, ungasebenzisa kuphela ukulungisa isikhathi eside amanzi, athambile futhi afudumele.

Umanyolo Wobulungiswa

Ubulungiswa abudingi ukugqokwa okuphezulu kakhulu, kepha umanyolo udinga ukusetshenziswa njalo kusukela ngoMashi kuya kuSepthemba. Isu elilungile leJacobinia libhekwa njengokufaka umquba njalo ezinsukwini eziyi-10 ngomanyolo womhlaba noma izingxube zezitshalo eziqhakazayo. Isu lokufaka umanyolo lidinga ukuguqulwa ngokubuka isitshalo: uma amaqabunga amakhulu eqala ukukhula, khona-ke ukwenziwa komanyolo kungenziwa kube kuncane kakhulu ukuvimba ukukhula kokuluhlaza okulimazayo kulimaze izimbali. Futhi okuphambene nalokho: amaqabunga wokuphelelwa amandla angasebenza njengophawu lokuthi i-Jacobini idinga ukugqoka okuphezulu kakhulu ngesikhathi sokukhula okusebenzayo.

Ukusuka ngo-Okthoba kuya kuFebhuwari, ubulungiswa abunakufakwa umanyolo nhlobo noma umthamo ojwayelekile ohlukaniswe izikhathi ezi-2 kuya kwezingu-3 wesitshalo onomvamisa wamaviki ama-3-4 phakathi kokugqoka ungafakwa.

Ukulungisa Ubulungiswa

Ubulungiswa budinga ukwakhiwa kwesihlahla minyaka yonke. Njengoba iqhakaza kuphela amahlumela konyaka wamanje, ngaphandle kokuthena izitshalo ngeke nje kuhlotshiswe ngama-inflorescence amahle kakhulu “e-hoppy”. Kungcono ukunquma ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ngokushesha ngaphambi kokufakelwa. Onke amagatsha asehlahleni kudingeka anqunywe cishe isigamu sobude, ashiye ama-internode angama-2-3 kuwo.

Uma kuqhakaza kabi iJacobini yakudala, iqale ukonakala, ilahlekelwe ukukhanga komqhele, ngenxa yabo, esikhundleni sokuthena okujwayelekile, udinga ukuphinda uvuselele. Lezi zingxenye ezingenhla zisikwa ziphansi ngangokunokwenzeka, zishiya i-hemp kuphela, kuthi emva kokusikwa okukhadinali, lesi sitshalo sidluliselwe ebhodweni elincane.

Transplant kanye substrate

Kungcono ukudlulisa lesi siko minyaka yonke, noma ngabe sineminyaka yobudala kangakanani. Lokhu kudluliswa kwenziwa ngokwemibiko yendabuko, entwasahlobo (ngoMashi, kungakapheli iminyaka eyishumi yokuqala ka-Ephreli). Okuwukuphela kokungafani nobulungisa be-floribunda, edluliswa kabusha emva kokuqhakaza, ebusika. Lapho ufaka, udinga ukuthatha isinyathelo ngokucophelela, uzama ukubangela ukulimala okuncane ohlelweni lwezimpande zesitshalo. Kubo bonke ubulungiswa ngaphandle kokuvuselelwa kabusha okwedlule, umthamo kumele ushintshwe ube mkhulu.

Futhi khetha ngokucophelela inhlabathi yobulungiswa. Lokhu ubuhle bakhetha ama-substrates asezingeni eliphakeme noma asendaweni yonke nge-pH kusuka ku-5.5 kuya ku-6.5 umkhawulo. Amanye amaJacobines akhula kangcono emhlabathini one-acid, kepha kungcono ukucacisa le paramende uma uthenga. Isidingo esiphoqelekile sokuxuba komhlaba sinokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-humus. I-substrate, equkethe amasheya alinganayo we-humus, inhlabathi enosawoti, isihlabathi kanye ne-peat, ibhekwa njengelingene kakhulu.

Izifo nezinambuzane zobulungiswa

Ngobulungiswa, okuyingozi kakhulu ama-spider mites, ama-whiteflies kanye ne-aphid. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukugcina umswakama umoya uthokomele isitshalo kwesinye isikhathi kuyisiqinisekiso esanele sokuvimbela ukusakazeka kwezinambuzane. Kepha uma ukutheleleka bekungeke kugwenywe, kungcono ukulungisa ngokushesha lezo zimo, qala ngokuwasha amaqabunga bese uqhubeka nokwelashwa ngezinambuzane.

Izinkinga ezivamile ekukhuleni kobulungiswa:

ukuphonsa amaqabunga lapho i-substrate yomile noma imanzi kakhulu;
kuphuzi kwamaqabunga ngokukhanya okungafanele, okungekuhle ebusika nokunisela okungalunganga;
ukuwa kwamaqabunga emoyeni owomile;
ukuntuleka kwezimbali nokukhula kwamaqabunga amakhulu ngenxa yokuvama ngokweqile kokugqoka okuphezulu.

Ukuphindiselwa Kwezobulungiswa

Ukusabalalisa ama-hops angaphakathi kulula kakhulu. Ngenxa yokuthena, lesi sitshalo minyaka yonke sinikeza "isivuno" esikhulu se-aplic cuttings esingasetshenziselwa ukhula lwenqaku. Amagatsha ezomthetho ahlelwe kahle, futhi inqubo ishesha ngokwanele. Into esemqoka ukuqinisekisa amazinga okushisa angaphansi kwe-20-22 degrees. Masishane ngemuva kokukhula kwezimpawu, izitshalo zidinga ukutshalwa kumabhodwe ngamunye noma izithombo zeqembu ezi-3 ezitsheni ezinkulu. Izitshalo ezisencane zidinga ukuhlala zigcinwa njalo, zisuse ngokucophelela iziqongo zamahlumela ukwenza ngcono ukwanda kwamagatsha.