Ukufakwa ngempumelelo kwamaqanda ezinkukhu akunakwenzeka ngaphandle kokulawulwa okushisa okuzinzile. Umlawuli wokushisa we-incubator kufanele ahlinzeke ngokunemba ezingeni le-± 0,1 C C, ngokunokwenzeka koshintsho lwayo ebangeni ukusuka ku-35 kuye ku-39 ° C. Le mfuneko ihlangabezana iningi lamadivayisi wedijithali ne-analog athengiswayo. Ukudluliselwa okunempilo okulingene ngokwanele kungenziwa ekhaya, kuncike olwazini oluyisisekelo lwe-elekthronikhi kanye nekhono lokubamba insimbi eshisayo.
Ezinsukwini zakudala ...
Kuma-incubator wokuqala wasekhaya nowezimboni wekhulu lokugcina, izinga lokushisa lalilawulwa kusetshenziswa ukubuyiswa kwe-bimetallic. Ukususa umthwalo nokususa ithonya lokushisa okwedlulele koxhumana nabo, ama-hita awakhanyiselwe hhayi ngokuqondile, kodwa ngokudluliselwa kwamandla okunamandla. Le nhlanganisela ingatholakala amamodeli ashibhile kuze kube namuhla. Ukulula kwesekethe kwakuyisihluthulelo sokusebenza okuthembekile, futhi noma yimuphi umfundi wesikole esiphakeme angenza i-thermostat enjalo nge-incubator ngezandla zakhe.
Zonke izici ezinhle zazinganakwa ngokulungiswa okuphansi nobunzima bokulungiswa. Izinga lokushisa ngesikhathi senqubo yokufakwa ekufukelweni kumele lincishiswe ngokuya ngohlelo ngo-0,5 ° C, futhi kuyinkinga enkulu ukwenza lokhu kube isikulufa sokulungiswa esiqondile edluliselwe ngaphakathi kwe-incubator. Njengomthetho, izinga lokushisa lihlala lihlala njalo kulo lonke "ukufakwa", okuholele ekunciphiseni kwe-hatchability. Imiklamo enesinqobelo sokuguqula nezinga elithweswe iziqu yayilula kakhulu, kepha ukunemba kokugcinwa kwehliswe ngo-± 1-2 ° C.
Okokuqala kukagesi
Okuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu isilawuli sokushisa se-analog se-incubator. Imvamisa, leli gama libhekisa kuhlobo lokulawula lapho izinga lamandlavithsi athathwe enzwa lifaniswa ngqo nezinga lesethenjwa. Umthwalo uvuliwe futhi uvalwe ngemodi edonswayo, kuya ngokuthi umehluko ngamazinga wamandla kagesi. Ukunemba kokulungiswa kwamasekethe alula ku-0,3-0.5 ° C, futhi uma usebenzisa amplifiers asebenzayo, ukunemba kukhuphuka kuye ku-0.1-0.05 ° C.
Ngokufakwa okuqinile kwemodi edingekayo, kukhona i-jackal emzimbeni wensiza. Ukuqina kwezinto ezifundwayo kuncike kancane ekushiseni kwegumbi namandla ehla. Ukuqeda ithonya lokuphazamiseka, inzwa ixhunyiwe ngocingo oluvikelwe lobude obudingekayo. Imodeli engahlangatshezwa kakhulu nge-analogue yokulawula umthwalo nayo ingafakwa kulesi sigaba. Into yokushisa kubo ihlala ivulekile, futhi izinga lokushisa lilawulwa ngoshintsho olubushelelezi lwamandla.
Isibonelo esihle yimodeli ye-TRi-02 - isilawuli sokushisa se-analog se-incubator, intengo yaso engeqi kuma-ruble ayi-1500. Kusukela ngama-90s wekhulu leminyaka edlule, zifakwe ama-serial incubators. Idivaysi kulula ukuyisebenzisa futhi ifakwe inzwa eyihlane ngekhebula le-1 m, intambo yamandla nocingo olomamitha olude. Amapharamitha wezobuchwepheshe:
- Layisha amandla ku-mains voltage ajwayelekile ama-wat ama-5 kuye kwangama-500.
- Ububanzi bokulungiswa buyi-36-41 ° C ngokunemba hhayi kubi kune-± 0,1 C.
- Amazinga okushisa asuka ku-15 kuye ku-35 ° C, umswakama ovumelekile ufike ku-80%.
- Umthwalo wokushintsha unxantathu ongenantambo.
- Ububanzi bebonke becala i-120x80x50 mm.
Izinombolo zihlala zinemba ngokwengeziwe
Ukunemba okukhulu kokulungiswa kunikezwa ngamathuluzi wokulinganisa wedijithali. Isilawuli sokushisa sedijithali esidala se-incubator sihlukile kunendlela ye-analog yokusebenza kwesiginali. Amandla kagesi athathwe ku-sensor adlula ku-analog-to-digital converter (ADC) bese kuphela lapho ungena kuyunithi yokuqhathanisa. Ekuqaleni, inani lokushisa elidingekayo elisethwe kwifomu ledijithali liqhathaniswa nalokho okutholakala kunzwa, futhi umyalo ohambelana nawo uthunyelwa kudivayisi yokulawula.
Isakhiwo esinjalo sandisa kakhulu ukunemba kwezilinganiso, kancane kuya ngokushisa okukhona nokuphazanyiswa. Ukuqina nokuzwela kuvame ukukhawulwa ngamakhono we-sensor uqobo kanye namandla ohlelo. Isiginali yedijithali ikuvumela ukuthi ubonise izinga lokushisa lamanje esibukweni se-LED noma se-LCD ngaphandle kokujikeleza ubunzima. Ingxenye ebalulekile yamamodeli wezezimboni inokusebenza okuthuthukile, esizokucabanga njengesibonelo samadivayisi amaningi anamuhla.
Amandla we-budget ye-digital thermostat Ringder THC-220 anele ngokwanele isishumeli sasekhaya esenziwe ekhaya. Ukulungiswa kwamazinga okushisa phakathi kwebanga le-16-42 внешнийС nebhulokhi elingaphandle lezisekelo zokuxhuma umthwalo livumela ukuthi ithuluzi lisetshenziswe esikhathini esingaphandle kwesizini futhi, ngokwesibonelo, ukulawula isimo sezulu sangaphakathi.
Ukuze ubuyekezwe, sinikeza izici ezimfushane zedivayisi:
- Izinga lokushisa lamanje kanye nomswakama endaweni yezinzwa kukhonjisiwe kwi-LCD.
- Ububanzi bokushisa obukhonjisiwe busuka ku-40 ° C kuya ku-100 ° C, umswakama 0-99%.
- Izinhlobo ezikhethiwe ziboniswa esikrinini njengezimpawu.
- Isinyathelo sokumiswa kwezinga lokushisa ngu-0.1 ° C.
- Amandla wokulungisa umswakama aze afike ku-99%.
- Ifomethi yesikhathi samahora angama-24 ihlukaniswe yimini / ebusuku.
- Umthamo womthwalo wesiteshi esisodwa ama-watts ayi-1200.
- Ukunemba kokugcina amazinga okushisa emakamelweni amakhulu kungu-1 ° C.
Idizayini eyinkimbinkimbi futhi ebiza kakhulu yisilawuli se-XM-18 sendawo yonke. Le divayisi yenziwa eChina, futhi ingena emakethe yaseRussia ngezinguqulo ezimbili - ine-interface nesiNgisi nesiShayina. Inketho yokuthumela emazweni aseNtshonalanga Yurophu, lapho ukhetha, ngokwemvelo iyathandeka.
Ukulisebenzisa kahle idatha akuthathi isikhathi esiningi. Ngokuya ngokuthi yikuphi amazinga okushisa okufanele abe ku-incubator, ungaguqula uhlelo lwefektri usebenzisa okhiye abangu-4. Ezikrinini ezi-4 zephaneli yangaphambili yamanani wamanje okushisa, umswakama kanye nemingcele yokusebenza eyengeziwe iyaboniswa. Ukukhonjwa kwezindlela ezisebenzayo kwenziwa ngama-7s e-LED. I-alamu yomsindo nokukhanya yokuphambuka okuyingozi kusiza kakhulu ukulawula. Izici Zedivayisi:
- Ububanzi bokushisa obusebenzayo bungama-0-40,5 ° C ngokunemba kwe-± 0,1 C.
- Ukulungiswa komswakama 0-99% ngokunemba ± 5%.
- Umthwalo omkhulu esiteshini se-heater yi-1760 watts.
- Umthwalo omkhulu eziteshini zomswakama, ama-motors nama-alamu awekho ngaphezu kwama-watts angama-220.
- Ukuphumula phakathi kwama-roll roll amaqanda yimizuzu engu-0-999.
- Isikhathi sokusebenza se-fan epholile 0-999 sec. isikhawu phakathi kwezikhathi ezi-0-999 min.
- Ukushisa kwegumbi okuvumelekile--10 kuya ku- + 60˚˚, umswakama ohlobene awudluli ngaphezulu kwama-85%.
Lapho ukhetha izilawuli zokushisa ezinenzwa yokushisa yomoya ye-incubator, cabanga ngamathuba womklamo wakho. Isisithukuthezi esincane sizoba nokulawulwa okwanele kokushisa nomswakama, futhi iningi lezinketho ezengeziwe zemishini ebizayo zizohlala zingafunwa.
I-Thermostat - yenze ngokwakho
Naphezu kokukhethwa okukhulu kwemikhiqizo eseqedile, abaningi bakhetha ukubutha isifunda sokulawula amazinga okushisa se-incubator ngezandla zabo. Inketho elula kunazo zonke, eyethulwe ngezansi, yayingomunye wemiklamo yomsakazo omkhulu we-amateur kuma-80s. Umhlangano ongaxazululeki kanye nesisekelo sokufinyeleleka kwafikelelwa yizingqinamba - ukuxhomekeka ekushiseni kwegumbi nokushuba kokuphazanyiswa kwinethiwekhi.
Amasekhethi omsakazo we-Amateur kuma-amplifiers asebenzayo ngokuvamile adlula ama-analog ezimboni kwizimpawu zokusebenza. Enye yezinhlelo ezinjalo, eqoqwe kwi-OS KR140UD6, ingaphindwa ngisho nangezabaqalayo. Yonke imininingwane itholakala emishini yomsakazo yasendlini yokugcina yekhulu leminyaka edlule. Ngezinto ezisebenzisekayo, umjikelezo uqala ukusebenza ngokushesha futhi udinga ukukalwa kuphela. Uma ufisa, ungathola izixazululo ezifanayo kwamanye ama-op.
Manje imijikelezo eminingi yenziwa kubalawuli be-PIC - ama-microcircuits ahlelayo, omsebenzi wawo uguqulwe yi-firmware. Izilawuli zokushisa ezenziwe kuzo zihlukaniswa ngemigwaqo elula, ngokuya ngokusebenza, hhayi ngaphansi kwemiklamo yezimboni ehamba phambili. Umdwebo ongezansi ungemfanekiso kuphela, ngoba udinga i-firmware efanelekile. Uma unohlelo, akunzima ukulanda izixazululo ezenziwe ngomumo kanye nekhodi ye-firmware kwizithangami zomsakazo ze-amateur.
Ijubane lokusebenza kwesilawuli ngokuqondile lincike kusisindo sensor lokushisa, ngoba icala elikhulu kakhulu likhulu linokuzala okukhulu. Unga "roughen" uzwela we-miniature thermistor noma i-diode ngokubeka ucezu lwe-cambric epulasitiki engxenyeni leyo. Kwesinye isikhathi igcwele i-epoxy yokuqina. Ngokwakhiwa komugqa owodwa ngokushisa okuphezulu, kungcono ukubeka inzwa ngqo ngaphezu komhlaba amaqanda ebangeni elilinganayo nezinto zokushisa.
Ukufakwa ngaphakathi akuyona inzuzo nje kuphela, kodwa futhi nakho okuthokozisayo. Kuhlanganiswe nobuciko bobuchwepheshe, kwabaningi kuba yinto oyithandayo. Ungesabi ukuzama futhi ngifisela ukuthi ukuqaliswa ngempumelelo kwamaphrojekthi!
