I-Astilba imele uhlobo lwama-perennials omndeni weSaxifragaceae (Saxifragidae) futhi ihlanganisa izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwama-30. Igama lesitshalo lingahunyushwa ngokwezwi nezwi ngokuthi "ngaphandle kokukhanya" ("a" - ngaphandle, "stilbe" - shine). Leli gama liya ezimbalini ezivela kwi-Lord Hamilton, isazi sezitshalo saseScotland, esasifunda futhi sichaza lesi sitshalo, saphawula ukungabi bukhazikhazi kwama-inflorescence namaqabunga.
Lesi sitshalo esimweni semvelo sikhula ngasogwini lwemifudlana nemifula, emahlathini acijile nakwezinye izindawo lapho umswakama ugcinwa njalo ehlobo. Isatshalaliswa e-vivo eNyakatho Melika, eMpumalanga Asia naseJapan.
Izinhlobo ezimbili zingatholakala eRussia - eMpumalanga Ekude nasesiqhingini saseKunashir. I-Astilba iboniswa ukumelana okuhle kwesithwathwa futhi eCanada kuhlala ngaphansi kwengqimba yeqhwa emazingeni okushisa afinyelela kuma-37 degrees ngaphansi kwe-zero.
Imininingwane ejwayelekile
I-Astilba iyi-herbaceous perennial enengxenye esemoyeni efela ubusika. Ukuphakama kweziqu eziqonde kungahlukahluka ngamasentimitha ayi-8 kuye kumamitha ayi-2. Amacembe ama-Basal, ezihlahleni ezinde. Ngezikhathi ezithile zingahle zilula, kepha ezinhlotsheni eziningi, kabili noma kathathu-onqenqemeni onqenqemeni lwe-serated. Umbala wamaqabunga uluhlaza okotshani omnyama noma obomvu oluhlaza okotshani.
Izimbali zesitshalo zincanyana, ziqoqwe kuma-inflorescence apush aluhlaza, yingakho zinokubukeka okuhle. Izimbali ziza zinombala omhlophe, onsomi, okhilimu, opinki, onsomi noma obomvu. Izimbali eziqhakaza i-Astilba ngoJuni-Julayi kanye nesikhathi sokuqhakaza “obuthakathaka” kwazo ezintekenteke kuyizinsuku ezingama-25- 35.
Lesi sitshalo sinama-rhizome aqinile, aqinile noma axegayo, kuya ngezinhlobo zezilwane. Unyaka nonyaka, ingxenye engenhla yesigqi ibumba amaduku endodakazi, kanti ingxenye engezansi iyafa kancane kancane. Kusukela lapho ukukhula kwesigqi kubukeka kahle (ukukhula cishe cishe amasentimitha ayi-3-5 ngonyaka), isitshalo kufanele sifafazwe ngomhlabathi ovundile njalo ngonyaka ekwindla sekwedlule.
Izinhlobo ze-Astilba nezinhlobo
Ama-panicle inflorescence angaba yi-rhombic, pyramidal, drooping and panicled. Amacembe wezimbali angaba mfushane kanti ama-inflorescences abukeka ethambile futhi enomoya, kepha ayakhula, anikeze ukuthamba kwe-inflorescence kanye ne-fluffiness.
Ezinye izinhlobo zinhle kakhulu, zinokuhlanganiswa kwemibala eminingana noma ama-shades ku-inflorescence. Lezi yizinhlobonhlobo "iMontgomery", "Peach and Cream" ne "White Wings".
Ngokuya ngesakhiwo sama-inflorescence, amaqembu amaningana we-astilbe ahlukaniswa:
Isimo se-pyramidal - amagatsha asebusweni be-inflorescence akhula cishe ngakwesokunene kusukela eksisi eyinhloko, kuyilapho ancipha ngokulinganayo ukusuka phansi kuya phezulu.
Isimo se-Rhombic - amagatsha asebusweni asuka ku-eksisi eyinhloko nge-engela eyingozi, kanti i-inflorescence yona ngokwayo ifana ne-rhombus. Le ndlela ye-inflorescence itholakala kaningi ku-astilbe yaseJapan.
Ukwakheka kwePanicle - ekhoneni elibukhali kusuka eksisi eyinhloko, inani elikhulu lamagatsha ahlutshiwe liyahamba, ancishiswe ngokufana phezulu. Lezi inflorescence zivame ukuhlobisa ama-Arends astilbe cultivars.
Amafomu wokudlula - Ama-inflorescence anamagatsha e-drooping avumayo. Leli fomu libonisa izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ezivela ku-astilbe yeLemoine neThunberg.
Ngokuya ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, kukhona:
- Kwasekuqaleni - izinkanyezi ziqala ukuqhakaza ngasekupheleni kukaJuni - ekuqaleni kukaJulayi.
- Medium - iqhakaza ngoJulayi.
- Kamuva - ukujabulisa ngemibala yabo ngo-Agasti.
- I-Astilbe ihlukaniswa futhi kuya ngobude besitshalo:
- Iphansi - i-astilbe, enokuphakama kwamasentimitha ayi-15 kuye kwangama-60.
- Amaphakathi - amabhasi ane "ukukhula" amasentimitha angama-60 kuye kwangama-80.
- Amade - izitshalo ezinokuphakama kwamasentimitha angama-80 kuya kumamitha amabili.
Omunye wabameleli abancane kakhulu be-astilbe izinhlobonhlobo zeLilliput, ezinokuphakama ngamasentimitha ayi-15 kuphela, futhi eliphakeme kakhulu, elikhula libe ngamamitha ayi-2 ukuphakama, yinkanyezi kaDavid.
Kunezinhlobo eziyi-10 kuphela ezitshaliwe kusiko. Kodwa-ke, abafuyi bezinkomo benza umsebenzi omuhle kakhulu wokuzala nzalo, esekunenqwaba yazo manje.
I-Astilba ingeyizitshalo, okuthi, yize zinobuhle bazo, kulula kakhulu ukuyinakekela, futhi inezimpawu ezifana nokuqina kobusika, ukubekezelela umthunzi, nokumelana nezifo nezinambuzane.
Ukutshala nokunakekela ngaphandle kwe-Astilba
I-Astilba ithanda umthunzi oyingxenye noma umthunzi wesikhathi selanga elishisayo ikakhulukazi. Ososayensi, lapho basebenze ekwakheni izinhlobo ezintsha kanye nohlobo lwe-astilbe, basize "ukumkhohlwa" ngezimo ezikhula endle futhi manje izinhlobo eziningi zikhula kahle elangeni. Ukuqhakaza kuphela kuleli cala kukhulu futhi kufushane, futhi amaqabunga aba lula.
Lapho ukhetha indawo yokukhula kwe-astilbe yesikhathi esizayo evulekile, kubalulekile ukuthi ubheke isikhathi sokuqhakaza kwayo. Ezinhlobonhlobo zokuqala kanye nezikhathi sekwephuzile, akunandaba ukuthi zikhula kuphi - elangeni noma emthunzini, kepha ukuqhakaza kwe-astilbe ngoJulayi kungalimaza ilanga elikhulukazi, kunciphise isikhathi salo sokuqhakaza.
I-Astilba isitshalo esithanda umswakama. Ingakhula ngisho nasezindaweni ezinamanzi amile, kepha ngeke ibekezelele isomiso. Ehlobo elishisayo nesomiso, i-astilba ingafa, ngakho-ke ezimweni ezinjalo iniselwa ekuseni nakusihlwa nsuku zonke kuze kube yimvula.
Futhi, ukuvikela ingxenye engenhla ye-rhizome kusuka ekushiseni ngokweqile futhi kunciphise ukulahleka komswakama, kunconywa ukufaka izithombo zezihlahla ngamagxolo noma ukusikwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-mulch ivimbela ukukhula kokhula, isiza ukulondolozwa kokuqina kwenhlabathi futhi idala izimo ezinhle kakhulu ze-astilbe rhizomes zesikhathi sasebusika.
I-Mulch astilbe emibhedeni yezimbali iyadingeka ngokushesha ngemuva kokutshala. Thela ungqimba lwesentimitha ayi-5, ukumboza wonke umhlaba wenhlabathi ezungeze izitshalo.
Kunezinhlobo ze-astilbe ezingakhula enhlabathini eyomile. Futhi iningi lama-Chinese nzalo lizizwa likhulu enhlabathini enobumba obukhulu.
Ukutshala nokuthi uvundise kanjani i-astilba entwasahlobo
Isimo esibalulekile sokukhula nokukhula kwe-astilbe isamba esanele se-potassium ne-phosphorus enhlabathini. Ngakho-ke, kuma-grooves aguqukayo, ubude bemitha eyi-1, izigaxa zokusakazeka kwezitshalo kuthululelwa izandla ezi-1-2 zokudla kwamathambo kanye nama-25 amagremu womanyolo onzima.
Lapho ukutshala izitshalo engadini yezimbali, zimba izimbobo ezingamasentimitha angama-30 ukujula nokubanzi, okuthi lapho kuthululelwa izandla ezi-2 zomlotha nethambo, amagremu angama-30 omanyolo wamaminerali kanye ne-humus nawo, hlanganisa konke bese uthela ngaphezulu kwamanzi. Ngemuva kwalokho izitshalo ziyatshalwa futhi zimbozwe nge-mulch engu-3 cm.
I-Astilbe ikhula ngokushesha okukhulu futhi kubalulekile ukuyihlukanisa futhi uyihambise yonke iminyaka engama-3-5. Ngenxa yokuthi ama-rhizomes we-astilbe akhula ngqo phezulu, amakati amadala aqala ukukhuphuka aphuma emhlabathini nezimpande ezincane, ezitholakala phansi kwezinso, njengoba zicishe zibe ngaphezulu komhlabathi, ziqala ukoma.
Ngasikhathi sinye, izimbali ziba yikhwalithi encane futhi hhayi isikhathi eside kangako, futhi ama-inflorescence ancishiswa ngosayizi. Uma uvundisa inhlabathi njalo, i-astilbe ingakhula endaweni eyodwa kuze kube iminyaka engama-20.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu kwenziwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo ngomanyolo we-nitrogen, kuthi ngemuva kokuqhakaza noma ekwindla, kufakwe i-potassium ne-phosphorus kumagremu ayi-20 ngesitshalo ngasinye. Inhlabathi iyakhululwa futhi ibanjiswe.
Ukufakelwa kwe-Astilba entwasahlobo
I-Astilbe ingatshalwa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka, ngisho nangezimbali. Ngemuva kokufakelwa, kuyadingeka ukukhiqiza ukuthambisa nsuku zonke okunamasonto amabili.
Lapho utshala engadini yezimbali, ibanga phakathi kwezitshalo kufanele okungenani libe amasentimitha angama-30, futhi esimeni sokutshala izinhlobo eziphakeme kakhulu - amasentimitha angama-50. Lapho wenza umngcele we-astilbe, ibanga phakathi kwezihlahla lihlala lifana - amasentimitha angama-30-50.
Ngaphambi kokutshala, indawo iyimbiwa, ukhula nezinye izitshalo ziyasuswa bese imbali yezimbali ivundiswa nge-humus noma i-peat, ngenani lamabhakede ama-2 womanyolo kumitha-skwele elilodwa lombhede wezimbali.
Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, umlotha, isidlo samathambo kanye nomanyolo kuthululelwa emgodini ngamunye ngaphambi kokutshala, kuniselwe futhi kutshalwe ngendlela yokuthi kugcwaliswe ihlumela lokukhula ngohlaka lomhlaba okungenani amasentimitha ayi-5. Umhlaba ozungeze isihlahla uhlanganisiwe futhi wahlanganiswa nge-peat noma ngamagxolo.
Ngesikhathi sokukhula, i-astilbe inisela njengoba kunesidingo, susa ukhula, lokhulula inhlabathi futhi ivundise. Ngaphambi kobusika, iziqu zesitshalo zisikwa zingcwatshwe nangomhlabathi bese zigobhoza indawo.
I-Astilba ekhula embewini
Ukuzala kabusha ngembewu, le ndlela ingasetshenziswa ekusakazweni kwezinhlobo zezitshalo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izithombo ze-astilbe zingagcina izimfanelo zesitshalo somama kuphela noma cha. Izithombo ezikhulelwe ezinhlwanyelweni zezinhlobonhlobo zisetshenziselwa ukuzalanisa.
Usayizi wembewu ka-Astilbe mncane kakhulu futhi azihlali zinesikhathi sokuvuthwa. Uma unenhlanhla yokulinda ukuvuthwa, khona-ke ayanyakaziswa ukuphuma kwama-inflorescence ngoSepthemba futhi agcinwe kuze kube sentwasahlobo. NgoMashi, 3: 1 sphagnum Peat nesihlabathi zifakwa ebhokisini elibanzi noma kwesinye isitsha, kuthelelwa iqhwa ngaphezulu, ngesendlalelo samasentimitha ayi-1.
Uma sekuvele kungekhoqhwa emigwaqweni, ungasebenzisa iqhwa kusuka efrijini noma umane uthele amanzi kwi-substrate. Imbewu ihlwanyelwa esiqongweni seqhwa. Isithwathwa, siyancibilika, simanzisa inhlabathi futhi sisize imbewu ukuba iwele kuyo. Ngemuva kokuthi iqhwa selincibilike ngokuphelele, isitsha sibekwa esikhwameni sepulasitiki bese sibekwa izinsuku ezingaba ngu-20 esiqandisini noma kwenye indawo ebandayo ngokwanele yokuhlakazeka.
Ngokushesha lapho kuvela izithombo, isitsha esinazo kabusha sakhiwe endaweni ekhanyayo enomoya wokushisa komoya ongu-18 kuya kuma-22 degrees Celsius. Izitshalo ezincane ziniselwa ngokucophelela ngaphansi kwempande. Abanye abalimi bancoma ngisho ukuthambisa ngesirinji - fafaza amanzi ngqo emgodini ongaphansi kwesitshalo.
Ukuhluma kwezinhlobo ze-astilbe kuphansi, futhi izithombo ezivele zikhula kancane futhi kuphela ngonyaka zakha irosette elincane lamaqabunga. Uma izitshalo ezincane zingakhuli ndawonye, zingadedelwa entwasahlobo elandelayo.
Uma izithombo ziqhume kakhulu, khona-ke idayi iyenziwa lapho kuvela amaqabunga ama-3-4. I-Astilba ikhule kusuka kuma-seed blooms kuphela ngonyaka we-3 wokuba khona kwayo.
Ukuvuselelwa kabusha kwezinso i-Astilba
Ukuze usebenzise le ndlela, ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ihlumela lokuvuselelwa kabusha lisikwa eduze kwesihlahla kanye nengxenye yethanga. Akukho ngaphezu kwe-1/3 yamahlumela angahlukaniswa kwisitshalo esisodwa sikamama ngaphandle kokulimaza.
I-Rooting yenziwa emagumbini okugcina izithombo endaweni engaphansi kwezingxenye ezi-3 ze-sphagnum moss nengxenye eyodwa yesihlabathi, ethelwa ngesendlalelo esingamasentimitha ayi-7, ngaphezulu komhlaba ovamile ovundile. I-astilbe enjalo ingatshalwa engadini kuphela entwasahlobo elandelayo.
Ukuzala kabusha kwe-Astilba ngokuhlukanisa isihlahla
Ukuhlukaniswa kwesihlahla kuyindlela elula futhi elula kunazo zonke yokusakaza i-astilbe. Isikhathi esihle sokwenza le nqubo ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Kulokhu, izihlahla ezisanda kwakhiwa zisenaso isikhathi sokuqhakaza kuleli hlobo.
Isihlahla sihlukaniswe ngendlela yokuthi i-Delenka ngayinye ithola ama-buds ama-1-3 futhi ihlale inesizalo esiyi-5 cm ngamasentimitha angama-accessory. Ubukhulu bokwehlukaniswa okwakhiwe akunandaba. Ngokunjalo uthathe izimpande zombili izingxenye ezincane nezinkulu zesihlahla. Ama-rhizomes amadala asuswa ngesikhathi sokuhlukanisa.
Abanye abalimi batusa ukususa izimbotshana ezakhiwe ngonyaka wokuqala emva kokutshala, ukuze isitshalo sikwazi ukukhula siqine futhi sinikeze izimbali eziningi ngonyaka olandelayo.
Ungabelana ngezihlahla ze-astilbe ngesikhathi sezimbali. Kulokhu, ngokuqinisekile ngeke unephutha ngokukhethwa kwezitshalo lapho uthenga futhi uzothola ngqo izinhlobonhlobo ozithandayo.
Izifo ze-Astilbe nezinambuzane
I-Astilba isengozini yokutheleleka ezifweni nasezinambuzaneni. Ngezikhathi ezithile, isitshalo siyazibizela “ekuhlaselweni” kwamapeni we-slobbery, inyongo kanye ne-sitrobberry sitrates. IPennitsa ihlala kuma-axils amaqabunga, yakha amagwebu avuthayo lapho kuhlala khona izibungu zalo. Lezi izibungu zondla emaqabungeni esitshalo, okuthi ngasikhathi sinye zibhebhetheke futhi zimbozwe amabala aphuzi.
Ngenxa yale nqubo, lesi sitshalo siqala ukubuna futhi singanyamalala ngokuphelele. Ungalwa nepeni ye-slobbery ngesandla, noma ungasebenzisa amalungiselelo akhethekile ukwelapha i-astilbe.
I-nematode yenyongo itheleleka ezimpandeni, yakha ama-galls - ukukhula kanye nematode ngaphakathi. Babonakala kuphela kwikota yesibili yokukhula. Izitshalo ngasikhathi sinye ake zikhule ziqhakaze kabi. Indlela yomzabalazo ukususa ngokuphelele izimpande noma izitshalo ezinegciwane.
I-Strawberry nematode ithinta amaqabunga, amaqabunga nezimbali ze-astilbe, kuyilapho embozwe izindawo ezinsundu neziphuzi futhi zingonakali. Isitshalo asikhuli futhi siqala ukufa. Ukuphela kwendlela yokubhekana nale nematode ukubhujiswa okuphelele kwezitshalo ezinegciwane.
I-Astilba ekwakhiweni komhlaba
I-Astilba isitshalo esihle sokuhlobisa imibhede yezimbali namapaki. Amaqembu amancane ezitshalo eziqhakazayo ngokumelene nesizinda sezihlahlana eziluhlaza zibukeka kahle. Isixazululo esihle kakhulu kungaba ukutshala i-astilbe eduze echibini lengadi noma egqumeni elinamadwala ezindaweni ezinomthunzi.
I-Astilba ihamba kahle nezitshalo ezinamaqabunga amakhulu abushelelezi enza umehluko omuhle ngamaqabunga awo angavulekile. Izitshalo ezinjalo zifaka i-host, irises, inhlaka, i-tulips nezinye. Kuhle ukutshala hhayi ama-perennials aphezulu aqhakaza entwasahlobo, isibonelo, i-saxifrage, i-tenacity, umsedari, kanye ne-umbilical, phambi kwamamaki aphezulu we-astilbe. Imingcele edalwe kusuka ku-astilbe nayo ibukeka yinhle.
Njengoba kunezinhlobo ezinezikhathi zezimbali ezahlukahlukene, ungakhetha ukuhlanganiswa kwazo ngendlela yokuthi ama-inflorescence obuciko be-astilbe azokujabulela ukuqhakaza kwawo ehlobo. Ukutshala kwenziwa futhi ngamaqembu, ngemibala ehlukene yezimbali kwelinye.
Izimbali ze-Astilbe zisetshenziselwa nokusika. Noma zisikiwe, azihlali isikhathi eside, kepha zengeza imibala ekhanyayo engaphakathi futhi zigcwalisa igumbi ngephunga lezinyosi elikhanyayo. Kungenzeka futhi ukusebenzisa ama-inflorescence omisiwe we-Astilbe kuma-bouquets ebusika.
Ekupheleni kokuqhakaza, izihlahla zibukeka nje zihlobisa, ngenxa yamahlamvu amahle amahle. Ama-Peduncle ngisho nangezinhlamvu zembewu abukeka emuhle kakhulu, ngakho-ke akutuswa ukuba uwashe ngaphambi kokuwa. Futhi abanye abalimi babashiyela ubusika ukuze bavuselele imvelo eneqhwa.
I-Astilba ithole ukusetshenziswa kwayo ngezinjongo zokwelashwa. Ngakho-ke, ezikhathini zasendulo, amaShayina asebenzisa amaqabunga nezimpande zezitshalo njengethoni, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic agent ngezifo zezinso nezinsimbi zesikhumba. Futhi isifiso senyama esivela emaqabungeni e-astilbe sisasetshenziswa eJapan.
Ukuphoqelelwa kwe-Astilbe
I-Astilba isitshalo esihle sokususa i-distillation. Ukuqhakaza kwezimbali zakuqala, izinhlobo ezingaphansi zikulungele kangcono le njongo. Izinhlobo ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ze-Japanese hybrid astilbe, ezikhula ehlahleni oluncane oluhlangene.
Ukuze ziphuzo zazihluzwa uthathe izithombo ezincane ezitholwe ngokuzalwa yiwo izinso zokuvuselela, ezinamahlamvu ayi-6 okungenani. Izitshalo ezitholwe ngokuhlukanisa amabhasi amadala aziyifanele le njongo. Izitshalo ezikhethiwe ze-astilbe zitshalwa ekwindla ezimbizeni zibekwe endaweni ebandayo, embozwe ngamagatsha we-peat noma i-spruce.
Ekuqaleni kobusika, izitshalo zilethwa emakamelweni lapho izinga lokushisa lomoya lingama-10-14 degrees. Lapho nje amaqabunga eqala ukuqhakaza, izinga lokushisa kufanele lenyuswe lide liye ku-16-18 degrees bese liqala ukuchelela nokufafaza okuningi. Ukufafaza kumiswa lapho kuvela izimbali zokuqala, ezingalindelwa amasonto ayi-10-14 emva kokuqala kokuphoqelela.
Uma uhambisa i-astilbe endaweni efudumele ngoFebhuwari-Mashi, ungalindela ukuqhakaza okusheshayo. Izinhlobo ezinconyiwe ze-distillation yi-Peach Blossom, i-Bonn, i-Europe, i-Emdem, i-Cologne ne-Deutschland. Ukuhlukahluka kwe-astilbe kuthandwa kakhulu ngabalimi baseJalimane nabaseDashi.Izitshalo ezinjalo zihlobisa ihhovisi nezindawo zomphakathi.
