Akuwona wonke umuntu okhula ngezimbali ezihluma angabiza okungenani abameli abayishumi abakhethekile bomndeni we-astro. Kodwa-ke, inesitshalo esijabulisayo, esaziwa ngokuthi i-gazania noma i-gatsaniya. Kubantu abavamile ibizwa ngokuthi ilanga lase-Afrika daisy noma ilanga lasemini. Lokhu kulula ukukuchaza, ngoba kusemini lapho izimbali ziqala ukuvula kulesi sitshalo. Izwe le-asczania yiMozambiki, ukusuka lapho lasakazekela khona ezwekazini laseYurophu. Eminyakeni yamuva, le mbali isabalale njengeyonyaka nonyaka.
Kepha kunoma yikuphi, wonke umgadi wengadi udinga ukwazi izici zokukhula kwe-gatzania emhlabathini ovulekile, kanye nemithetho yokuyinakekela. Lolu lwazi luzoba yigugu kunoma yimuphi umlimi wokuqalisa, ngoba bazokuvumela ukuthi uhlobise imbali yakho ngale mbali, ezoshintsha sibonga ehlobo ekugcobeni okumibalabala nokuthinta okumangazayo.
Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo ze-gatsaniya
Izithombe zesitshalo ngeke zishiye noma ngubani ongenandaba, kepha abafuna ukusitshala endaweni yabo ngeke balimaze ukuthi bazi ngezici zaso ekuqaleni.
Lesi sitshalo singabizwa ngokuthi ngaphansi kwe-undersized, ngoba ukuphakama kungafinyelela kuphela ama-30 cm. Iziqu zawo zihlotshiswe ngamaqabunga aminyene kakhulu anemibala eluhlaza okotshani noma onsomi. Azidingeki nje ukuvikela ebandeni, kepha futhi nokunciphisa ukuhwamuka komswakama ngesikhathi sokushisa. Kulula ukuhlukanisa i-gatsaniya kwezinye izitshalo, ngoba imangalisa izizinda zezihlobo zayo ngezimbali ezikhanyayo nelanga. Ama-inflorescence ayo ngokuvamile ane-orenji, ophuzi, abomvu, ahambisana kahle nendawo emnyama lapho kufakwa khona isisekelo. Kufika kuma-inflorescence angama-30 angakhula esihlahleni esisodwa se-gatsaniya ngesizini.
Uhlobo lwe-African Chamomile kufaka phakathi izinhlobo ezingama-40. Kodwa-ke, sinesifiso kwabathandwa kakhulu kubo.
- Shiny gatsaniya. Umhlobiso waso uyizimbali ze-tubular ezinombala obomvu-omnyama, owolintshi noma ophuzi. Amabala amnyama noma amhlophe ahlala ekhona eduze kwesisekelo.
- Gatzany potsi. Ngezindlela eziningi, le nhlobonhlobo ifana kakhulu nokukhazimula ngaphandle kosayizi wezimbali, ezinkulu. Ububanzi bama-inflorescence kulolu luhlobo lwe-gatsaniya cishe buyi-11 cm.
- Longshot gatsaniya. Le mbali ikhula njengonyaka futhi ihlotshiswe ngamahlamvu aphelele. Izinhlobonhlobo zingakhula zibe ngaphezu kwama-cm angama-20. Ibhasikidi lakhiwa ngezimbali ze-tubular nezomhlanga zohlobo oluphuzi, olunezisekelo ezinsundu.
- I-Peacock gatsaniya. Amaqabunga amancanyana angavamile futhi amade anika okwangempela kwesitshalo. Zihlotshiswe ngezimbali ze-tubular ophuzi noma o-orenji ezinezisekelo ezimnyama.
Futhi kuhlobo lwalesi sitshalo nezinye izinhlobo: monoflowered, cirrus kanye hybrid gazania. Izithombe zalezi zinhlobo zitholakala kalula enetheni.
Kukhona nzalo eminingi kuyo, okuwumphumela wokuwela ngokuqinile (izinhlobo ezicwebezelayo) nezinhlobo ezinde. Ngokungafani nezinhlobo zokuqala, nzalo ibekezelela kangcono izimo zezulu nezifo. Phakathi kwama-nzalo, amabanga alandelayo we-gatsaniya athola ukuthandwa kakhulu:
- "Ungqongqoshe". Ngenqubo yokukhula, ubonakala obhasikidi obumhlophe nobusawolintshi;
- "Umugqa Olubomvu Wosuku". Iziqu zale gatsaniya zihlotshiswe ngezimbali eziphuzi, ezihambisana nemivimbo ebomvu ekhanyayo. Lapho nje ilanga liphuma, izimbali ziqala ukuvula futhi zihlale zikulesi simo kuze kushone ilanga;
- "Thalente." Kwezimpawu kukufanele ukugqamisa amaqabunga nezimbali zokuhlobisa ezihlala zivulekile phakathi nesikhathi semini. Ngakho-ke, ungacabanga ngobuhle be-gazania isikhathi eside kakhulu.
Ukutshala nokunakekela kwangaphandle
Noma ngabe yini oyikhethayo ye-gatsaniya, noma ingeyonyaka noma i-perennial, yona noma ngabe ikuphi akukubangeli inkinga. Ngemuva kwakho konke, enqubeni yokuyikhulisa, ngeke uhlangane nobunzima ekunakekelweni futhi ehlobo ungakujabulela ukuqhakaza okumnandi okuningi.
Ukuvimbela izihlahla ezincane ezilimayo eqandeni sentwasahlobo, udinga ukwazi ukuthi kunini lapho kufanelekile ukuzitshala emhlabathini. Kungcono ukuhlela lo mcimbi ukuphela kukaMeyi-ukuqala kukaJuni. Kepha okokuqala, kuzofanela ulungiselele indawo efanelekayo yokutshala, lapho inhlabathi, ebonakala ngokuzala nokuba nesakhiwo esikhanyayo, kufanele ibe khona. IGatsaniya isitshalo esibekezelela isomiso, ngakho-ke iyakwazi ukumelana nokukhanya kwelanga ngaphandle kwemiphumela.
Ukufakelwa kukaGatsaniya kusuka ezimbizeni kuya endaweni ehlala njalo kufanele kwenziwe kanye nesigaxa sobumba, esizosiza ukugwema ukulimala ohlelweni lwezimpande. Izitshalo akufanele zibekwe eduze kuka-20 cm ukusuka komunye nomunye. Izimbali zokuqala ze-gatsaniya zivele zivele ekuqaleni kwehlobo futhi zizothokozisa umlimi kuze kubanda kuqala ubusika.
Izihlahla ezivuthwe kahle ze-asczany zingamelana kalula namafrimu okuqala asekwindla ebusuku, uma kusafudumele ntambama, njengasehlobo.
Imisebenzi Yezokunakekela
Ukunakekelwa kwe-Gatzania kubandakanya ukukhululwa kwenhlabathi okujwayelekile, Ukulawula ukhula, kanye nokususwa ngesikhathi kwama-inflorescence afihlekile. Kuyasiza kakhulu ukucijela inhlabathi, ngoba lokhu kunciphisa ukuhwamuka komswakama, futhi ngaphezu kwalokho, akuvumeli ukhula ukuba lukhule.
Abanye abalimi bakhulisa i-gatsaniya njengonyaka. Kulokhu, ngemuva kokuqhakaza izimbali, ingxenye esele engaphezulu komhlaba kuzodingeka ichithwe. Uma ufuna i-gatsaniya ikujabulise ngezimbali eziningi ngesizini ezayo, kuzodingeka wenze okulandelayo: ekwindla, izihlahla zimbiwa ngokucophelela emhlabathini, zifakwe emabhokisini bese zibekwa kwisitoreji egumbini lapho izinga lokushisa lihlala likhona. Ebusika, i-gatsaniya akufanele inciphise ukukhanyisa nokunisela, okufanele ilinganise ngalesi sikhathi sonyaka. Qiniseka ukuthi unciphisa amahlumela ukuba abe yingxenye yobude bawo. Entwasahlobo, ama-gatsaniya aphumelele ebusika abuyiselwa endaweni yawo.
Ukusakazeka nokusuthisa gatsanii
Ungathola izihlahla ezintsha ze-gatsaniya ngokuhlwanyela imbewu noma ngokumile.
Kuzothatha isikhathi eside ukulinda izimbali zokuqala - cishe izinyanga ezintathu kuya kwezine ukusuka esikhathini amahlumela wokuqala avele. Ungasebenzisa imbewu ukuhlwanyela kuphela eminyakeni emibili ezayo, ngoba emva kwalokho balahlekelwa ukuqhuma kwabo. Ngesikhathi sokuhlwanyela, imbewu ibekwa kude ne-3 cm ukusuka komunye nomunye. Ngemuva kwalokhu, imbewu idinga ukufafazwa ngengqimba encane yenhlabathi, ithulule kancane umfudlana omncane wamanzi, bese idonsa ifilimu elibonakalayo esitsheni elinokutshala.
Ukuhluma, amabhokisi kufanele agcinwe endaweni ekhanyayo lapho kufanele yesekwe khona lokushisa emazingeni angama-20. Kufanele futhi uhlale usho njalo. Imbewu ivame ukumila evikini elilodwa noma amabili. Ukuze ugweme ukulimala ohlelweni lwezimpande, kunconyelwa ukusebenzisa izinkomishi ze-peat zezithombo ezikhulayo. Ukuhlela ukufakelwa endaweni ehlala njalo kungenzeka kuphela lapho isidlulile isithando sokugcina, futhi lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka ngoMeyi-Juni.
Ukusakazwa ngokusika
NgoJulayi isikhathi esihle sokuthola izihlahla ezintsha ze-asczany kusuka ku-cutways. Kulokhu, iziqu ezikhethiwe zidinga ukusikwa ngommese obukhali, kuyilapho isithende kufanele sibe khona esiphathweni. Ukuvunwa amahlumela wokuzala kumele ube nakho ubude abudluli ku-10 cm. Amaqabunga engxenyeni engezansi kufanele akhishwe, futhi indawo yokusika kufanele iphathwe ngezimpande. Ngokulandelayo, iziqukathi zokusika zilungiselelwe ukusika, lapho zidluliselwa khona, ziniselwa, bese kudonswa ifilimu kusuka phezulu. NgoMashi, sebakhe uhlelo lwezimpande oluqinile, olukuvumela ukuthi uqale ucabange ngokudlulisela endaweni enaphakade noma endaweni enezimbali ezinkulu.
Ngemuva kokufaka i-gatsaniya emhlabathini ovulekile, udinga ukugqoka okuphezulu. Imvamisa kwanele ukufaka umanyolo wamaminerali ngendlela yesisombululo okungenani kanye ngenyanga emhlabathini ovundile. Uma i-gatsaniya ikhule enhlabathini enamadwala noma esindayo, khona-ke isibalo sezingubo eziphezulu kufanele sinyuswe sibe sibili ngenyanga eyodwa.
Izifo Ezingozi Nezinambuzane
Ukuvela kwezinambuzane eziyingozi nezifo kuvame kakhulu ukuba umphumela wokwephulwa phakathi nokunakekelwa noma ukusebenza kwawo okungafanele. Enye yezifo ezimbi kakhulu ukubola okungwevu. Ukulwa nayo kubandakanya ukususwa ngokuphelele kwezitshalo ezinegciwane, ngemuva kwalokho kuyadingeka ukwenza ukwelashwa kwezihlahla ezinempilo nge-phytosporin.
Ukulimala okukhulu kakhulu kwizimbali ze-gazania kubangelwa iminenke, ama-aphid kanye nezindawo zesicabucabu. Amathuluzi asebenzayo asetshenziselwa ukubulala ama-aphid yile:
- I-Fitoverm;
- Isi-Akarin.
Ukususa umkhaza, sebenzisa i-fufanon, i-ditox.
Ama-insecticides awasetshenziselwa ukulwa neminenke, avele aqoqwe ngesandla.
Umklamo wezwe
Ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlobo ezingaphansi kwe-gazania kufanelekile yokuhlobisa ama-slides e-alpine, lapho baphenduka ngokoqobo le element yokwakheka komhlaba ngesimo sabo sezimbali ezingalibaleki. Imvamisa, ngosizo lwabo, ukwenziwa kwemingcele kwemingcele, kanye ne-rabatka, kuyenziwa. Zithola ukubukeka okumangazayo lapho zisetshenziswa njengengxenye yamalungiselelo eziyinkimbinkimbi zezimbali, lapho zigcwalisa khona izitshalo ezinjenge-ursinia, i-lobelia, i-dimorphotheca, i-arctotis, i-iberis, njll.
Isiphetho
IGazania yabalimi abaningi abaqalayo iyisitshalo esaziwa kancane, kodwa kufanelekile ukuyibona kanye kuphela, futhi emva kwalokho ngeke bakwazi ukukhohlwa ubuhle bayo. Kepha labo abanekotishi lasehlobo bangajabulela ubumnandi obuhle njalo ngonyaka kusuka kuzimbali ze-gatsaniya, okudingayo nje ukuthi ubatshalile endaweni efanele futhi unqume ngokunembile isikhathi sokutshala izithombo embhedeni wengadi. Lesi sitshalo ingenye yokuzithoba, ngakho-ke, izinkinga ohlelweni lokukhula kusuka ezinhlanyelweni nokumnakekela ekhaya akufanele zivele.
IGazania ikhula kahle endaweni enelanga, kanti yona ayifakwa kumanyolo. Noma ngabe itshalwe esakhiweni lapho inhlabathi enamadwala ifanela khona, kuzodingeka uyinike izakhi zomzimba okungenani kabili ngesizini. Kodwa-ke, iGazania izonibonga ngale mizamo enezimbali eziningi, ezizoqhubeka kuze kube yisimo sezulu esibandayo sokuqala.
