Igama lohlobo livela esiGrekini. i-aspis iyisihlangu futhi i-astron iyinkanyezi futhi, ngokunokwenzeka, ibhekisela ekwakhekeni kwesihlamba. Cishe izinhlobo ezingama-8 ezivamile eMpumalanga Asia.
I-Aspidistra ingeyami yezitshalo ezindala kakhulu emhlabeni. Ngenxa yokungathobeki kwayo, kwakuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi "isitshalo sensimbi."
© sausagecemetery
Aspidistra, uhlobo lwamakhambi angapheli stemni omndeni we-lily. Kuvela ezinhlotsheni eziyisithupha kuya kweziyisishiyagalombili ziyaziwa, zisatshalaliswa ezintabeni zaseNingizimu. naseMpumalanga. I-Asia, Japan. E-Russia, u-A. lurida (A. elatior) uvame ukutshalwa ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo namagumbi ngaphansi kwegama elithi "umndeni onobungane" (igama elijwayelekile elejwayelekile yi-plectogyne); ibekezelela ukumiswa okukhulu. Esiqeshini esingaphansi komhlaba kungatshalwa endle.
Izitshalo ezinamaqabunga ama-basal evergreen lesikhumba sezimbali nezimbali ezincane ezihleli kuma-pedicel amafushane eduze kobuso bomhlaba. Ukufihla imbumbulu okufihlwe kakhulu kufihla ngaphansi komhlaba. Ihlamvu ngalinye eliluhlaza lingelinye ihlumela elihlukile. Imvamisa kukhona namanye amaqabunga. Zincane, zi-scaly, ngaphandle kwe-petiole neqabunga leqabunga. Umsebenzi walezi zikalo ukuvikela iqabunga eliluhlaza okhulayo, ukuyisiza idabule emhlabathini. Ngemuva kokwakhiwa kweqabunga elilodwa eliluhlaza, iphuzu lokukhula liyeka ukukhula. Lokhu kungaqagelwa kusuka esisekelweni seqabunga eligoqiwe ngendlela yomqobelo. Iphoyinti lokukhula belivele likukujuleni kwalokhu kufakwa emseleni. Izimbali ezinesikhumba esinsundu sombala onsomi zenziwa emahlombe amaqabunga ama-scaly, kepha ama-aspidistra aqhakaza ngezikhathi ezithile.
I-aspidistra ezweni lakubo ayithathwa njengesihlahla esihle kuphela, kodwa futhi nesitshalo esisebenzayo, ngoba ngokudonsa amaqabunga afunda ngokuba khona kwezinyoka ezinobuthi ezinwabuzelayo emahlathini futhi zithinte ama-petioles. I-Aspidistra isetshenziswa kwezokwelapha: izinto zokwelapha ziqukethe zonke izingxenye zesitshalo. Zisetshenziselwa ukubanjwa, izifo zesisu, uhudo, izinhlungu zemisipha kanye namatshe ohlelweni lokuchama. I-Aspidistra ibaluleke kakhulu ekuhlobiseni amakamelo ngokukhanya okunganele kanye nokushintsha kwezimo lokushisa. Amakhophi amakhulu ozimele asebenza njengomhlobiso omuhle wamahholo, ama-vestibules, izingadi zasebusika. EJapan, amaqabunga e-aspidistra asetshenziswa kaningi lapho kulungiswa izimbali ezahlukahlukene.
© sausagecemetery
Izici
Izinga Lokushisa: Ikhula kahle ezimeni ezifanele. Ebusika kudinga ukupholisa, okungcono kungabi ngaphezu kuka-15 ° C, izinga lokushisa elilingene lingama-10-12 ° C, okungenani u-5 ° C. Lapho kugcinwa ubusika emazingeni okushisa angaphezu kuka-20 ° C, ukufafaza njalo kuyadingeka.
Isibani: Ehlobo, shading elangeni eliqondile, emthunzini ongatheni wokukhanya. Ebusika, i-aspidistra idinga ukukhanyiswa okuhle.
Ukunisela: Okuningi kusuka entwasahlobo kuya ekwindla, ebusika - ngokulinganisela noma okungajwayelekile, kuya ngokushisa.
Umanyolo: Ukusuka ngo-Ephreli kuya kuSepthemba, njalo emavikini amabili badla umanyolo okhethekile we-liquid wezitshalo zasendlini.
Umswakama womoya: I-aspidistra ithwala umoya owomile kuphela uma kungashisi kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, ukufafaza njalo kanye nokuwashisa amaqabunga kuthinta kuphela isitshalo.
Ukufakelwa: Njengoba i-aspidistra ingakubekezeleli ukufakelwa, bayifaka njengoba kudingeka - ngemuva kweminyaka engama-3-4, entwasahlobo. Inhlabathi ingxube yomhlaba we-turf (izingxenye ezi-2), iqabunga (1 ingxenye), i-humus (1 ingxenye), i-peat (1 ingxenye) nesihlabathi (1 ingxenye).
Ukuzala: Entwasahlobo, ukwahlukanisa isihlahla lapho ukufakelwa. I-Aspidistra ingasakazwa ngamaqabunga, ngokusho kobuchwepheshe obukhethekile.
© Sultry
Ukunakekelwa
I-Aspidistra ithathwa njengesitshalo esingabekezeleliyo nokubekezelela umthunzi. Umphumela ogcwele wokuhlobisa we-aspidistra utholakala kuphela ngokunakekelwa okuhle.
I-Aspidistra ayidingi indawo enelanga, ingagcinwa ohlangothini olusenyakatho futhi kude kude nefasitela. Ungakhula ngaphandle kokukhanya kwelanga usebenzisa amalambu we-fluorescent amahora angama-16 ngosuku. Ngefomu le-waxgated, ukukhanya okuhle kuyadingeka, ngokuntuleka kwayo, umbala we-mottled wamaqabunga ulahlekile.
I-Aspidistra ibekezelela ukushisa kwegumbi kahle. Izinga lokushisa elisendlini alinandaba kangako - womabili amagumbi afudumele futhi apholile afanelekile. Esikhathini sekwindla nobusika, izinga lokushisa elilungile lingaphakathi kuka-16 ° C.
Esikhathini sentwasahlobo-ehlobo, iniselwa kakhulu, kepha inhlama yobumba akufanele ibe manzi ngokweqile, kepha ingabi yomile kakhulu. Iniselwa kakhulu ukuze phakathi kokunisela ungqimba olungaphezulu lozalo olungaphansi lome kancane. Esikhathini sekwindla-ebusika wanisela kancane, usuku noma ezimbili ngemuva kokomisa ungqimba oluphezulu lomhlaba. Amanzi okunisela kumele asetshenziswe kuthambile.
Umswakama awudlali indima ebalulekile. Amaqabunga ahlanjwa njalo (mhlawumbe kabili ngesonto), le nqubo ithinta kahle inhlala-kahle yesitshalo.
Zondla i-aspidistra ngesikhathi sokukhula kanye emva kwamaviki amabili kuya kwamathathu ngomanyolo wamaminerali nowokuphiliswa kokuhlanjululwa okuhlanganisiwe. Esikhathini ekwindla-ebusika abondli. Akunconyelwanga ukondla i-aspidistra ngefomu elihlanganisiwe, ngoba lokhu kuzolahlekisela umbala we -hlamvu ahlukahlukene.
Izici
I-Aspidistra ayikubekezeleli ukufakelwa, ngakho-ke kwenziwa lapho kunesidingo. Izitshalo zabantu abadala zivame ukuthuthwa kabusha njalo eminyakeni emibili, ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ngasikhathi sinye zingasatshalaliswa ngokuhlukanisa i-rhizome. Lapho utshala i-aspidistra, udinga izitsha ezanele, ingxube yezakhi eyenziwe nge-turf, humus umhlaba nesihlabathi (3: 3: 1). Ungasebenzisa le ngxube: sheet sheet, turf land, humus nesihlabathi (2: 2: 2: 1). Ngithanda ukuqaphela ukuthi kuzo zonke izitshalo zokuhlobisa-ezinamakhompiyutha, umhlabathi we-turf othathwe insimu ye-clover (enothiswe nge-nitrogen, ekhiqizwa ngama-bacterium ama-nodule akhula ezimpandeni ze-legumes) ulusizo ikakhulukazi. Kepha akuwona wonke umuntu onethuba lokuthenga umhlaba onjalo, ngakho-ke ungathenga ukuxubana kwenhlabathi okwenziwe ngomumo okwenziwe nge-nitrogen ephezulu.
Ukuzala
Entwasahlobo, ukwahlukanisa isihlahla lapho ukufakelwa. I-Aspidistra ingasakazwa ngamaqabunga, ngokusho kobuchwepheshe obukhethekile. Kusendaweni yokuthi i-aspidistra inqunywa iqabunga elinempilo ngaphandle kwe-petiole, kuze kuthi lapho kugcinwa iqabunga elinamanzi elisisekelo esisekelweni seqabunga (elakhiwe ngamahlamvu ancishisiwe ngokufana kwesitho sowesifazane sangasese). Ngemuva kwalokho isilayi seqabunga somile bese sifakwa ebhodleleni elinamanzi (ibhodlela elinentamo ebanzi, enjenge-kefir). Ibhodlela lavalwa ngesivalo futhi lambozwa ngopulasitine ukuze umoya ungangeni lapho. Ibhodlela libekwe endaweni efudumele futhi ekhanyayo. Lapho izimpande zivela engxenyeni yeqabunga, iyakhipha futhi itshalwe emhlabathini (okuyiqabunga elinamaqabunga) bese imbozwa ngembiza noma ibekwe endaweni abamba ukushisa kuyo. Uma izimpande zingaveli, futhi ekugcineni kweqabunga kwaqala ukuwohloka futhi ukubola, ungayinquma ibe izicubu ezinempilo (kuphela endaweni lapho iqweqwe liqhakaza khona) bese uyifaka ebhodleleni emanzini ahlanzekile.
I-Aspidistra enamahlamvu amnyama aluhlaza ibhekwa njengesinye sezitshalo zasendlini ezingathobeki kakhulu.. Kukhona futhi inhlobonhlobo enhle ngokwengeziwe enamaqabunga ahlukahlukene, kepha ifuneka ngokwengeziwe ekunakekelweni, ngokwesibonelo, idinga ukukhanya okungcono.
Enye yezinzuzo ze-aspidistra ukuthi ayibekezeleli umoya ongcolile komoya ongcolile. I-Aspidistra ayiphenduli ngokweqile noma ukuntuleka komswakama, futhi ukwakheka kwenhlabathi akubalulekile ikakhulukazi kuyo. Ngakho-ke, i-aspidistra inganconyelwa ngokuphephile kubaqalayo abalimi, kanye nalabo abangenaso isikhathi sokuzibandakanya ngokunakekela izitshalo.
Lapho kukhula i-aspidistra, umuntu kufanele anake iqiniso lokuthi, njengazo zonke izitshalo ezisatshalaliswa ngokuhlukaniswa kwephisi, emva kokufakelwa futhi, ikakhulukazi, ukwahlukana, kungenzeka kungakhuli isikhathi eside, futhi uma izimpande zithintekile, khona-ke kuzolimala.
Iphikisana nokuntuleka kokukhanya, umswakama, okusalungiswa, uthuli, intuthu kagwayi, umhlabathi ompofu, izinguquko zokushisa, kepha iphendula izimo ezinhle ngokuthuthukiswa kwamaqabunga okunethezeka. Ukwesaba ukweqile inhlabathi, ikakhulukazi emazingeni okushisa aphansi.
© KENPEI
Izinhlobo
I-Aspidistra ephezulu (Aspidistra elatior Blume).
Homeland - amahlathi aseningizimu neChina neJapan. Le nhlobo isetshenziswa ngenkuthalo kwezimbali zasendlini nezokushisa kwezolimo, inenombolo ethile yezinhlobo. Umuthi ongapheli lapho unezilwane ezinwabuzelayo ezingaphezulu komhlaba noma uzungeze umhlaba. Kuma-petioles amade, amaqabunga aluhlaza acwebezelayo aluhlaza ofana nomnduze wesigodi ukhuphuka, mkhulu kuphela. Amacembe acwebezelayo, alukhuni, aluhlaza okotshani, ipuleti lawo livame kakhulu noma libanzi lanceolate, lifinyelela ku-50 cm ubude, cm 15 ububanzi, liphenduka libe yi-petiole ende. Phansi cishe kuwo wonke amaqabunga anjalo, kukhona amaqabunga ama-scaly ancishisiwe angama-1-2 afaka i-petiole efana nesitho sangasese sowesifazane. Kukhona amaqabunga amaningi kakhulu futhi ahlukaniswe ngokusondelana kangangokuba abantu babiza i-aspidistra ngokuthi "umndeni onobungane." Izimbali ziyavela kwiziqa ebusweni bomhlaba. I-perianth ibunjiwe bell ebanzi, enamobedi ayisishiyagalombili, ansundu ngokuphuzi noma ansundu. Ama-stamens ayi-8 anamathiselwe kwishubhu le-perianth. Izithelo zibunjiwe berry, zinhlamvu eyodwa.
Izifo Nezinambuzane
Ukukhula kwesitshalo okunciphile:
Isizathu kungaba ukuntuleka kwe-nitrogen enhlabathini.
Izindlela zokulawula: kuyadingeka ukondla isitshalo ngesixazululo se-urea (1g / l).
Ukuphela kwamaqabunga:
Imbangela kungaba ukweqa ngokweqile noma ukuthambisa amanzi kokwehla kobumba. Okunye isizathu kungaba yisigatshana esindayo ngokweqile.
Izindlela zokulawula: lungisa ukuthambisa. Miselela isigcawu esingezansi ngokufanelekile.
Kushiya amaqabungaamaqabunga aguquka:
Isizathu kungaba ukuntuleka kokukhanya. Lungisa ukukhanya. Uma lesi sitshalo sinesikhathi eside somthunzi, kuyadingeka ukujwayela kancane kancane ukukhanya. Ebusika, ukukhanyisela emuva ngamalambu we-fluorescent kuyinto efiselekayo.
Amathiphu ansundu ansundu:
Imbangela ingaba umoya omile kakhulu egumbini noma ukuntuleka kokunisela.
Kwavela amabala amnyama emaqabungeni:
Imbangela ingaba i-hypothermia noma okusalungiswa. Enye imbangela kungaba yisifo.
Ishidi eliphuzi:
Mhlawumbe lokhu kubonisa ukuthi ukuguga kwesitshalo, noma ukuthi i-Rhizome isiqalile ukubola. Kulokhu, nciphisa ukuchelela futhi uphathe isitshalo ngama-fungicides, nenhlabathi nge-potassium permanganate (isixazululo se-0,2%).
Ilanga:
Amabala ansundu noma ansundu avela emaphethelweni nakwizeluleko zamaqabunga.
Izindlela zokulawula: beka isitshalo endaweni enomthunzi.
I-Chlorosis ethelelekayo
Amaqabunga aphenduka aphuzi, amacembe aphenduka aluhlaza ezimbalini nasekushintsheni kombala.
Izindlela zokulawula: chitha isitshalo esinezifo.
Isikali se-Aspidistra kanye ne-fern.
Izinambuzane ezincane ezincelayo zinokuhamba esigabeni sezibungu, ezibizwa nge- "stray". Ngemuva kokuncela abahamba ngezinyawo baye engaphansi kweshidi, imizimba yabo imbozwe ngesihlangu esinzima. Ngokutheleleka okuqinile, amaqabunga aphenduka aphuzi futhi awe. Isikhunta se-sooty sihlala emaphethelweni anamathayo wesikena.
Izindlela zokulawula: susa ngesandla ugeze amaqabunga ngamanzi anosawoti. Uma kwenzeka utheleleka kakhulu, phatha nge-karbofos noma nge-fufanon.
Isicabucabu esibomvu.
I-silvery, ne-cobweb emincane kakhulu ivela ngemuva kwamaqabunga, amaqabunga ajika abe nsundu bese omile kancane kancane.
Izindlela zokulawula: thambisa umoya njalo bese ufafaza isitshalo ngamanzi afudumele. Simboze ngesikhwama sepulasitiki esisobala sezinsuku eziningana. Uma kwenzeka utheleleke kakhulu, phatha nge-actellic.
© Nino Barbieri
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