I-Garlic isitshalo semvelo semifino e-herbaceous esiqhamuka emndenini wakwa-Amaryllis, osekuphele iminyaka eyisithupha sithandwa ekuphekeni nasekufuneni abantu kanye nomuthi osemthethweni. Ngempela zonke izingxenye zikagalikhi ziyadliwa - ama, imicibisholo, amacembe, ama-peduncle. Ngokusho kososayensi, i-garlic iyinhlobonhlobo ye-anyanisi, ngoba inendawo efanayo engaba yikhulu. Izindawo zezintaba zase-Central Asia zithathwa njengendawo yokuzalwa okubabazekayo. Ungatshala ugarliki ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo noma maphakathi nekwindla. Kunemithetho eminingana yokuyitshala ngendlela ebusika, ucubungula ongasithola isivuno esicebile.
Tshala nini ugarliki ebusika
Njengoba ugarliki wasebusika uqala ukukhula ngo ekwindla, kufanelekile ukuqala phakathi nehlobo ukulungiselela indawo yokutshala. Endaweni ekhethiwe, ngemuva kokuvuna izitshalo ezedlule, udinga ukususa wonke ukhula, izinsalela zezitshalo zemifino bese wenza ukumba okungashisi. Iphuzu elibaluleke kakhulu - udinga ukutshala ama-clove egalikhi cishe izinsuku ezingama-35-45 ngaphambi kokufika kwamafrimu wangempela ekwindla. Ngalesi sikhathi, izitshalo zemifino zizoba nesikhathi sokwakha ingxenye yezimpande mayelana ne-10 cm ubude, kodwa ingxenye eluhlaza engaphezulu ngeke isabonakala. Isikhathi esihle sokubamba siqala maphakathi no-Septhemba futhi siphela maphakathi no-Okthoba. Ukutshala kwekwindla kwangaphambilini kuzoholela ekubukeni kokukhula okuluhlaza, obekungafanele kube njalo, futhi okulandelayo ngeke kushiye isikhathi ekwakhekeni kwezimpande. Izinhlobo zobusika zikagalikhi zidinga ukubambelela ngokuqinile ezinsukwini zokutshala.
Uma ama-air garlic ama-bulbs asetshenziswa njengezinto zokutshala, khona-ke kunconywa ukuzitshala entwasahlobo, kuqala maphakathi no-Ephreli.
Ukutshala ugarliki wasebusika
Ukubalwa kwemali kwabandulelayo
Abasizi badlala indima ebalulekile ekwakhiweni kwegalikhi nasekuvuneni kwayo okuzayo. Ngemuva kwezilimo ezithile, ugarliki kungenzeka ungakhuli nakancane noma uzoba nezimpawu ezisezingeni eliphansi. Isibonelo, awukwazi ukuyikhulisa ngemuva kuka-anyanisi, ugarlic, beet, izaqathe, ama-turnips, isithombo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi, iparsley. Kepha ababanduleli abahamba phambili bangamakhukhamba, u-squash, ithanga, ama-cormorants, upelepele, ama-berry bush, isinkwa nezilimo ezi-leguminous.
Ilungiselela izinto zokutshala
Ukutshala impahla yezinhlobo zasebusika zikagalikhi kungaba ngesimo sama-clove, athela unyaka olandelayo, noma ama-bulbs, azonikeza izithelo kuphela ngemuva kweminyaka eyi-2. Imbewu kumele ihlolwe ngokucophelela, ihlelwe, ilinyazwe futhi ihlaselwe - isuswe, encane nayo ingcono ukuyisebenzisa. Kunconywa ukuthoba amazinyo ahamba phambili ngaphambi kokutshala kumthamo womlotha bese ushiya amahora amabili ukuthola amagciwane. I ukumnika ilungiselelwe kusuka 2 amalitha amanzi kanye 400 g of izinkuni umlotha. Ngaphambi kokuwusebenzisa, le ngxube kumele ibiliswe imizuzu engama-30, bese ipholile.
Ukunqandeka kwembewu kungenziwa ngenye indlela. Okokuqala, amazinyo acwilisa imizuzu emi-2 kwisisombululo sikasawoti esiqukethe amalitha ama-5 wamanzi kanye nezinzipuni ezi-3 zikasawoti, bese kuthi umzuzu owodwa kusisombululo se-10 l samanzi kanye ne-1 ithisipuni le-sulfate yethusi.
Ukukhethwa kwesiza nokulungiswa kwenhlabathi
Indawo yokutshala ugarlic othanda ukukhanya kufanele ibe evulekile, enelanga, enomhlaba onempilo futhi ongeyona i-acid, okungcono ulwesi lwesihlabathi. Uma uzungu londliwe ngomquba wesilimo esedlule, khona-ke akufuneki umanyolo owengeziwe. Uma kungekho ukugqokwa okunjalo okuphezulu, kuyadingeka ukumba yonke insimu izinsuku eziyi-10-15 ngaphambi kokutshala u-garlic, engeza ingxube enempilo ngesikhathi sokumba. Ukwakheka kwawo (ngemitha elilodwa lesikwele): usawoti we-potassium (20 g), humus (5-6 kg), superphosphate (30 g). Ngemuva kwalokho, isisombululo samalitha ayi-10 kanye ne-1 ithisipuni le-sulfate yethusi liyathelwa futhi yonke le ndawo imbozwe ngefilimu yepulasitiki.
Akunconyelwe ukusebenzisa umanyolo omusha njengomanyolo.
Uhlelo kanye nezici zokufika ezifundeni ezihlukene
Amazinyo atshalwe ngemifuno elungiselelwe ngokukhethekile. Ukujula kwawo kungamasentimitha ayi-15 ukuya ku-20, ububanzi phakathi kwawo buba ngamasentimitha angama-25. Ngaphansi embozwe ungqimba lwesihlabathi esimanzi emifula (cishe ama-2-3 cm) ukuze amazinyo angathinti emhlabathini futhi angaboli. Ibanga phakathi kokutshala lisuka ku-8 liye ku-15 cm, kuya ngosayizi wezinto zokutshala. Ngemuva kokutshala, imibhede yegalikhi imbozwe ungqimba we-mulch kusuka ku-peat eyomile (noma ingxube yomhlaba kanye ne-sawdust ezingxenyeni ezilinganayo). Uma kungekho iqhwa, izindawo zokukhosela zizodinga indawo yokukhosela, futhi ngemuva kokuwa kakhulu kweqhwa kunconywa ukuyikhipha. Ungasebenzisa ifilimu leplastiki eliminyene noma impahla yophahla njengezinto zokumboza.
Amabhuleki kufanele atshalwe kuma-grooves ama-3-4 cm ajule ngesikhala esingaba ngu-2 cm. Isikhala somugqa - cm 10. Ngemuva kokutshala kwentwasahlobo, ama-bulbs amancane omoya azoshintsha abe yi-clove eyodwa egcwele, ezoba imbewu yokukhula inhloko yegalikhi esezingeni eliphakeme. Ekwindla, la mazinyo angabodwa ayambiwa, omiswe bese atshalwa futhi.
Esifundeni saseMoscow, imithetho yokutshala ugarliki wasebusika ayihlukile kakhulu kwezinye izifunda. Into esemqoka okudingeka uyinake kakhulu ukuthi imibhede yegalikhi ihlala ingaphansi kongqimba lweqhwa noma ngaphansi kwesembozo sefilimu esinokwethenjelwa. Uma ubusika bufikile namaqhwa anzima, kepha ngaphandle kweqhwa (noma inani lakhona), lapho-ke udinga ukuphenya ngokuphuthumayo amafulethi okutshala ngawo ngefilimu eminyene ye-polyethylene noma impahla yophahla, ngoba u -galikhi angaqandisa emhlabathini. Ngesikhathi samaqhwa eqhwa njalo, ugarlic luphephile ngokuphelele ngaphansi kwengubo egcwele iqhwa.
Abahlali base-Ural abanamava nabalimi baluleka ukuthi bangambozi i-garlic ebusika nge-mulch ekwindla, kodwa bayisuse nge-polyethylene noma ngezinto zophahla. Ungqimba we-mulch, ngombono wazo, uyadingeka kuphela amahlumela amancane entwasahlobo. I-mulch iqeda ukumanzisa inhlabathi, okuphula ubuqotho bezimpande zezitshalo ezingezansi futhi ibenze babe buthaka. Izimpande ezigoqiwe lapho kukhululwa amasango kagalikhi wokudla okuhle futhi kungaba nomthelela ekubonakala kwezifo. Ngokuqondene nokutshala impahla, ukuthola ama-bulbs amakhulu, kungcono ukutshala hhayi ama-bulbs, kepha ama-air bulbs. I-Garlic etshalwe kusuka kuma-bulbs inkulu kakhulu futhi igcinwe kangcono.
I-Western Siberia ibonakala ngesimo sezulu esibanda kakhulu nokufika kwasekuqaleni kobusika kanye nesithwathwa. Ubunzima bokutshala ugarlic ebusika kule ndawo buhlala esikhathini sangaphambilini - ukusuka ngoSepthemba 15 kuya ku-Okthoba 10. Elinye iphuzu eliphoqelekile indawo yokukhosela emibhedeni ngokushesha ngemuva kokutshala imbewu.
Ukunakekelwa Kw Garlic Kwangaphandle
Mulching noma indawo yokuhlala ebusika
Ugalari otshalwe ngesikhathi esifanele uyakwazi ukwakheka kwezimpande zawo ebusika futhi ngeke ahlupheke yiqhwa nomoya obandayo, kuba ngaphansi kwesembozo noma ngaphansi kongqimba oluthembekile lwe-mulch. Entwasahlobo, izithombo ezincane kufanele zisizwe ukukhuphuka. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kuyadingeka ukususa indawo yokukhosela noma cishe amasentimitha amabili ungqimba lwe-mulching.
Izihlahla
Ukuze wenze isibani esikhulu, kunconywa ukuba usike noma unqamule abacibishelayo bonke kuze kufike ku-10 cm ukuphakama. Ngokuvamile, lezi zinqubo ziyadingeka ezitshalweni engxenyeni yesibili kaJuni, lapho kuba nokudubula okukhulu.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Ukondliwa kokuqala kwenziwa ngokuqala kwehlumela lokuqala eliluhlaza. Njengomanyolo oqukethe i-nitrogen, kunconywa ukusebenzisa isixazululo somquba wezinkukhu noma i-mullein, kanye ne-urea.
Ukugqoka kwesibili okuphezulu kokutshala igalikhi kuyadingeka cishe phakathi kwehlobo. Kanye nokunisela, kwethulwa isixazululo somlotha esakhiwa amalitha ayi-10 amanzi no-200 g we-ash ash lokhuni.
Ukunisela
Ngesikhathi sokukhula okusebenzayo nokukhula kwezilimo zemifino, zidinga ukuniselwa kakhulu, futhi lapho ama-bulbs eqala ukwakha, inani lamanzi wokunisela kanye nemvamisa incipha kancane. Esikhathini eside futhi isikhathi eside isikhathi eside (umswakama wemvula), izitshalo azikwazi ukuniselwa ukuvikela umswakama okweqile enhlabathini. Amanzi "angeziwe" akhuthaza ukuguga kwamakhanda wegalikhi kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezifo zokukhunta.
Ukunakekelwa kwenhlabathi
Lapho kukhona isendlalelo se-mulching, konke ukunakekelwa kwenhlabathi kuncishiswa kuphela ekuvuseleleni nasekufakweni okungavamile. Lapho kungekho mulch, futhi ikakhulukazi ngemuva kwezimvula ezinamandla nangemva kokunisela, inhlabathi emibhedeni idinga ukukhishwa ukhula.
Ukuvuna nokugcina
Ugalikhi wasebusika uvuthwa cishe ngezinsuku eziyi-15- 20 ngaphambi kwentwasahlobo. Amaqabunga aphansi aphuziwe ezitshalweni eziningi engxenyeni yesibili kaJulayi akhombisa ukuqala kokuvunwa. Ngokubambisana nesiqu sesiko, bayawugumba, bawashiye izinsuku ezi-4-5 elangeni ukuba lome, bese belususa emhlabathini, basike isiqu nezimpande. Amakhanda agqagqene ngokubola kwegalikhi, ngakho-ke akufanele unephuze ukuvuna isikhathi eside kunangaphambi kokuqala kuka-Agasti.
