Taka - I-Bat

Emazweni asezindaweni ezishisayo, iminduze emnyama noma ibhulukwe kuthiwa ama-takki alinywa lapha emhlabathini ovulekile. Abantu bendawo badla amaqabunga amancane nama-inflorescence, kanye ne-pulp yezithelo, benza izigqoko nezitobha zokudonsa eziqwini, balungisa ufulawa kusuka kuma-rhizomes wesinkwa sokubhaka, amaswidi, umuthi.

E-Europe, lezi zitshalo zi-exotic, ezikhula ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo nezindawo zokugcina izithombo (ezindlini ezingashisiwanga, uma kuqhathaniswa nezethu, kubanda kakhulu kuye). AmaTaki akhulile hhayi kangako ngenxa yobuhle, kodwa ngenxa yokubukeka okungajwayelekile. Sizokwenza ukubhuka khona manjalo - ngentambo, futhi ikakhulukazi nge-bat, izitshalo azinalutho.

Incazelo kaTaka

Umusa Taka (ITacca) ungowomndeni we-monotypic botanical Dioscoreian (I-Dioscoreaceae) noma yabelwe emndenini we-monotypic ohlukile Takovye (Taccaceae), enezinhlobo eziyi-10 zemvelo ezihlala ezindaweni ezishisayo zasezweni Elidala.

I-Takki iyi-herb yaphakade ene-rhizomes ezinwabuzelayo ezinamaqabunga kanye namaqabunga ama-basal kuma-petioles amade abolile. Ukuphakama kwawo kusuka ku-40 cm kuye ku-1 m, ngaphandle kohlobo I-Tisted peristadis, noma lentolepectoid taka (I-Tacca leontepetaloides) Emvelweni, ifinyelela ku-3 m.

I-Tacca Chantrier (iTacca chantrieri). © Maritza Dominguez

Ngaphezu kwe-takka ye-leontolepid, ehlukaniswe ngosayizi wayo omkhulu, kunenye futhi inhlobo yemvelo enamaqabunga angahlukanisiwe ngokuphelele - I-Palm grooved taka (I-Tacca Palmatifida).

Umsuka wezinhlobo zeTaka ekwakhekeni nombala wezimbali. Ezitshalweni zomhlaba wonke kunezitshalo ezimbalwa kakhulu ezinezimbali ezimnyama, ama-taks angenye yazo. Kodwa-ke, sicacisa ngaso leso sikhathi ukuthi izimbali azinawo amathoni amsulwa amnyama. Imvamisa lawa ama-brown ansundu, onsomi noma onsomi ngombala onsomi. (ENingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, kunezinhlobo ezinezimbali ezinemibala ye-motley - eziluhlaza okotshani noma eziluhlaza ezinamamaki aphuzi namsomi).

Akusona esingaxakile ukwakheka kwama-takka inflorescences. Phakathi kwamaqabunga amahle aluhlaza okotshani, kuvela imicibisholo enezimbali, iphethe izambulela zezimbali ezinokufakwa okufana nentambo phezulu. Ngokubukeka, afana ne-bat enhle.

I-Taca pinnatifolia, noma i-lentolepic (Tacca leontopetaloides). © Tony Rodd

I-Takas iyaqhakaza futhi ithele izithelo cishe unyaka wonke. Izimbali zihlala zihlala zinezimbali ezimbili ezimfushane, eziqoqiwe emifushane, ziqoqiwe ngo-6 ukuya ku-1010 ku-inflorescence eyenziwe ngesambulela, zizungezwe amaqabunga amane emboza (2 amancane, 2 amakhulu). Izithasiselo ezinde ezinjenge-drooping zingama-pedicel oyinyumba. IPerianthataka inezingxenye ezi-6 ezinjengamaphimbo ahlelwe ngemibuthano emibili yezintathu. Ama-Stamens 6, ikholomu 1 enesihlamba. Izithelo yibhokisi elakhiwe ngesigaxa.

Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ama-takks awanawo amadivaysi ahehayo wokuheha abavukuzi. Emvelweni, izimbali "ukuhlonipha" i-carrion zihamba izimpukane. Lesi sinambuzane sikhangwa ubuhle bemvelo yamaseli “phansi” imbali kanye nokuthamba, cishe okungabonakali kubantu kunephunga le nyama echithiwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimpukane zikhangwa ngabathengisi abakhulu, lapho ungachitha khona ubusuku, kanye nezinselo zezinhlwathi ezinamanzi - ukwelashwa kwangempela kwezinambuzane.

Emvelweni, ama-taksa akhula ikakhulukazi osebeni lolwandle kanye nasehlathini elishisayo lasezintabeni, akhetha indawo enomswakama kanye nenhlabathi enothile humus. Kodwa-ke, kunezinhlobo ezihlala e-savannah. Kulezi zitshalo, ingxenye esemoyeni iyafa ngenkathi eyomile, kodwa ikhula ngokushesha ngokuqala kwemvula.

I-whole-leaved tak (Tacca integratedifolia). © Elaine Williams

Ezitolo zethu zezimbali, muva nje njenge-supernova iqabunga lonke (Tassa integratedifalia) - mhlawumbe isitshalo esingajwayelekile kakhulu esize kithi sivela ehlathini laseNingizimu mpumalanga ye-Asia. I-inflorescence ye-taka tsvetnolistnaya ikhuphuka ngaphezulu kwamaqabunga. Imbali ngayinye inedayidi efinyelela ku-4 cm, ubude bokufakelwa kwama-filter angama-8-10 cm (ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, angafinyelela ku-25 cm).

Kwezinye izingadi ze-botanical, kunokubukwa okuseduze kweqabunga lonke lika taka - I-Tacca Chantrier (I-Tacca chantrieri) Ihlukaniswa ngamaqabunga amakhulu, abanzi futhi asongwe ngaphansi, ahlala phezu kwesiqu eside, nezimbali eziningi (ezingaba ngu-20) - izimbali ezicwebezelayo, ezibomvu. ITaqa Chantriere ikhula phezulu ezintabeni, endaweni ephakeme kuze kufike ku-2000 m ngaphezu kolwandle.

Ukunakekelwa Kwasekhaya

Ukuze uthole isiko eliphumelelayo, i-taka yonke enamaqabunga idinga ukukhanya okukhanyayo kepha okuvikelekile elangeni eliqondile (lizwakala kangcono efasiteleni elisenyakatho), izinga lokushisa okungenani lama-degree angu-18 ebusika, ukuchelela amanzi amaningi ehlobo ngamanzi afudumele nokufafaza okungenani kabili ngosuku. (Kodwa-ke, uma ungenaso isikhathi sokufafaza njalo, faka lesi sitshalo ugqoko olubanzi ngobumba olunwebekile olunomswakama).

Ebusika, i-takka iniselwa kuphela njengoba ingaphezulu lomhlabathi nembiza yomile. Bondliwa masonto onke entwasahlobo, ehlobo nasekwindla. Umanyolo ungasetshenziswa endaweni yonke, lezo ezivame ezitolo zethu zezimbali, kepha nokho kungcono ukubheka ezikhethekile ezenzelwe ama-orchid.

Kutshalwe ingxube eyenziwe nge-turf, inhlabathi yamaqabunga, i-peat, isihlabathi (0.5: 1: 1: 0.5). Ukudonswa kwamanzi kuyadingeka. I-Taka isatshalaliswa ngokuhlukanisa ama-rhizomes, ngemuva kokuthi inqume ingxenye esemoyeni - isiqu esifushane esinamaqabunga. Ngommese obukhali, i-rhizome ihlukaniswe izingxenye eziningana, izindawo zezinhlamvu zifafazwa ngamalahle, bese kuthi emva kokoma amahora angama-24, batshalwe emiphongolweni emincane. Amahlumela amasha akhula kusuka kuma-buds okulala ku-rhizome.

Ngokunakekelwa okufanele, i-rose-rose taka akuvamile ukuthi lithinteke izinambuzane.

I-Palatine incision (i-Tacca Palmatifida). © Karl Gercens

Ukukhula taka kusuka ezinhlanyelweni

Ungakhula ukhula ezinhlanyweni ezisanda kuthathwa. Imbewu evuthiwe inobude obungama-5 mm; umbala wayo ulula noma onsundu. Emvelweni, izithelo zibola ngokushesha endaweni enomswakama, zikhulule imbewu ethwalwa yizintuthwane.

Ngokwesiko, imbewu ye-taka kufanele isuswe ebhokisini, igezwe ngesisombululo esibuthakathaka se-potanganum permanganate, yomiswe futhi ihlwanyelwe kuze kube yi-1 cm enhlanganisweni yenhlabathi ekhanyayo eyenziwe ngenhlabathi eshidi nesihlabathi. Inani lembewu esithelweni liyahlukahluka lisuka ku-5 liye ku-50 ama-PC. Amahlumela ayashona njengoba ekhula (izitshalo ziyakubekezelela ukufakelwa kahle), okuniselwe kakhulu futhi kunikezwe ukudla.