Tshala amathayi (Iresine) ihlobene ngqo nomndeni wama-amaranth. Lolu hlobo luhlanganisa izinhlobo ezingama-80 zezitshalo ezahlukahlukene. Emvelweni, angatholakala e-Australia, eMelika, kanye naseziqhingini ezinjenge-Antilles and Galapagos.
I-Iresine imelelwa izihlahla, izitshalo ze-herbaceous, nezihlahla ezinamagatsha akhuphukayo. Amapheshana akhiwe ngokungemthetho ayindilinga noma ahlanganile, awambalwa kangako, abanzi lanceolate-wide. Ngasemaphethelweni eshidi kukhona amazinyo amancane. I-inflorescence capukisa, yangaphandle ifana nendlebe.
Okuthandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabalimi yilezi zinhlobo ezinjenge liren ne-arebberry herbst. Lezi zinhlobo zibaluleke kakhulu ngamapheshana azo okuhlobisa, anombala obukekayo. Imvamisa, izitshalo ezinjalo zisetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokutshala, futhi nazo zitshalwa otshanini ngasemngceleni.
Nakekela amathayi enjoloba ekhaya
Ukukhanya
Akunconyelwe ukuyibeka kuphela ewindini lokuma ngasenyakatho, nakwabanye kungenzeka. Imbali enjalo inezithombe eziningi futhi ikhetha ukukhanya okukhanyayo. Kodwa kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi uma itholakala efasiteleni lendawo eseningizimu, khona-ke emahoreni ntambama kuyadingeka ukwenza isibani sisabalale, kungenjalo ukusha kungavela ebusweni bamaqabunga. Ukuqondisa ukukhanya kwelanga, amathayi enjoloba afundiswa kancane kancane. Uma isitshalo sibekwe ngaphansi kwamalambu we-fluorescent, khona-ke ukukhanya kwelanga kufanele kube nesikhathi esingamahora ayi-14.
Imodi yokushisa
Lesi sitshalo asinawo umbuso okhethekile wokushisa. Ehlobo, lesi sitshalo sikhula ngokujwayelekile futhi sikhula ngamazinga okushisa angama-15 kuye kwangama-25 degrees, bese kuthi ebusika - sisuke ku-15 kuye kwangama-20 degrees. Qinisekisa ukuthi ebusika izinga lokushisa elisendlini alikho ngaphansi kwama-degree ayi-12, ngoba uma kungenjalo ukubola kuzovela ezimbalini, amahlamvu azowa, kuthi ekugcineni afe. Uma ehlobo kushisa kakhulu, khona-ke amaqabunga azolahlekelwa yi-turgor.
Ungaphuzisa kanjani
Ukunisela isitshalo esinjalo, kusetshenziswa amanzi athambile, avikelwe kahle (okungenani amahora angama-24). Uma amanzi empompo enzima kakhulu, kunconywa ukukufaka esikhundleni samanzi emvula. Entwasahlobo, ehlobo nasekwindla, ukuchelela kwenziwa ngokushesha ngemuva kwesendlalelo esiphezulu sokomisa komhlaba. Ebusika, ukuchelela kufanele kuncishiswe, kepha khumbula ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukuvumela inhlabathi yomile ngokuphelele ebhodweni. U-Iresine uphendula kabi ukuze womile futhi womise i-substrate. Esimweni lapho ebusika izinga lokushisa egumbini lingaphansi kwama-degrees ayi-16, khona-ke ukuthambisa imbali kufanele kube yindlala.
Umswakama
Kuzizwa kuyinto ejwayelekile ngomswakama ophansi ezindlini zasemadolobheni. Kodwa-ke, ukuthambisa amaqabunga kusuka ku-sprayer ngeke kube kubi.
Umanyolo
Ukugqoka okuphezulu kufanele kwenziwe ngesikhathi sentwasahlobo-ehlobo isikhathi se-1 ezinsukwini eziyi-7. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa umanyolo we-organic noma wamaminerali. Ebusika, ukugqoka okuphezulu kwenziwa kaningi kunesikhathi esinge-1 kumaviki ama-4, kuyilapho umthamo womanyolo uncishiswa amahlandla ama-2 (ngokuqhathaniswa nehlobo).
Izihlahla
Ipinki yonyaka ibanjwa ukukhulisa ubukhazima besihlahla. Kuyadingeka ukucindezela amahlumela apical ngqo. Ukuthena okungathí sina kuyanconywa enyangeni yokugcina ebusika, ngoba lokhu kukhuthaza ukukhula kahle kwezimbali zentwasahlobo.
Izici Zokufakelwa
Uma ukhula amathayela asendle njengonyaka, ungakwenza ngaphandle kokufakelwa. Lapho uyikhulisa njengokufakelwa kwaphakade kufanele kwenziwe isikhathi esingu-1 eminyakeni emi-2 noma emi-3. Umhlabathi ofanele kufanele ube acidic kancane. Ukuze ulungiselele le ngxube, udinga ukuhlanganisa i-peat, i-turf kanye nomhlaba onqenqemeni, kanye nesihlabathi kanye ne-peat, okufanele kuthathwe ngokwesilinganiso 2: 4: 4: 1: 1. Ngaphansi kwethangi, ungakhohlwa ukwenza ungqimba oluhle lwamanzi, okuyilokho izitini ezaphukile noma ubumba olwandisiwe luphelele.
Izindlela zokuzala
Ukusika okusikiwe kusuka ezitshalweni zikamama kunconyelwa kusukela ekugcineni kobusika kuze kube phakathi nesikhathi sentwasahlobo. Ngokulandelayo, batshalwe esihlabathini. Izinga lokushisa kufanele ligcinwe ezingeni lama-degree angama-17 kuye kwangama-20, lapho kwenzeka khona ukubekelwa phansi ngokuphelele kwezinsuku eziyi-7-10. Izithombo ezisikiwe kufanele zitshalwe ezimbizeni ezihlukile, okumele zigcwaliswe ngenhlanganisela yenhlabathi enomhubhe womhlaba, iqabunga kanye nomhlabathi we-humus, kanye nesihlabathi, othathwe ngokwesilinganiso 2: 2: 2: 1. Izitshalo ezincane zidinga izinga lokushisa lama-19 kuya kwangama-21 degrees. Ukusika kunconywa ukuba kuthathwe ezitshalweni ezincane ezingakazilahli izici zazo zokuhlobisa.
Izinambuzane nezifo
Ama-aphid, ama-whiteflies kanye nezimbuzane zesicabucabu zingaphila kulesi sitshalo.
Isitshalo siyagula, imvamisa sibangelwa ukunakekelwa okungafanele:
- Isitshalo sidonsa amahlamvu - Uma lokhu kwenzeka ngezinsizwa ezintsha, kusho ukuthi awunakho ukukhanya noma anqunyelwe ukungafani. Ukubola kwesithelo esitshalweni esidala kuyinqubo evamile ngokuphelele.
- Iziqu ziyakhula - ukukhanya okungalungile.
- Ukhula luyawa - uma lokhu kwenzeka ehlobo, khona-ke lesi sitshalo asinawo amanzi anele, noma ukugeleza kwamanzi enhlabathini.
Ukubuyekezwa kwevidiyo
Izinhlobo eziphambili
Iresine lindenii (Iresine lindenii)
Isitshalo esinjalo se-herbaceous se-perennial sitholakala ngokwemvelo emahlathini omanzi wengxenye eshisayo yase-Ecuador. Isiqu sopende obomvu mnyama futhi sinokuphakama ngamasentimitha angaphezu kwama-50. Phezu kwamapuleti amaqabunga abomvu amnyama kukhona imithambo eminingi emincane enombala ocebile we-raspberry. Ubude bamaqabunga anjalo we-lanceolate-ovalafinyelela amasentimitha ayi-6. Uma lesi sitshalo sigawulwa, siqala ukugxila ngokuqinile, kanti amahlumela amancane amaqabunga akhula ngokushesha.
I-Herbst Iresine (iresine herbstii)
Umuthi onjalo ongapheli ezimweni zemvelo utholakala emahlathini emvula aseBrazil eshisayo. Iziqu zibomvu ngombala futhi zingafinyelela ubude obungamasentimitha angama-40. Amapuleti amaqabunga ayindilinga phezulu abunjiwe yinhliziyo. Amahlamvu apendwe ngombala onsomi omnyama, kuthi lapho kutholakala imithambo ebomvu egcwele ebusweni. Izinhlobonhlobo "aureoreticulata" zihlukaniswa amahlumela abomvu kanye ne-petioles yamaqabunga. Kumapuleti anamaqabunga aluhlaza kukhona imithambo ebomvu noma yegolide. I- "wallisi" ehlukahlukene isitshalo esihlanganisiwe esinamagatsha anamacembe amancane anemibala ebomvu yensimbi.
