Ngesonto eledlule, engqungqutheleni eyayiseBelarus, uzakwethu ovela eSikhungo Sokuvikelwa Kwezitshalo utshele izindaba ngendlela amenywe ngayo epulazini elilodwa elikhulu ukuzokwethula izindlela ezintsha nezithuthukile zokuvikela ukubulala izinambuzane nokukhulisa umkhiqizo. Kodwa-ke, inhlabathi yayinciphile futhi inganakwa kangangokuthi izitshalo zazimane zizame ukusinda futhi zithele isivuno esincane kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ubuchwepheshe nezindlela ezicashile kufakazele kuyize.
Le ndaba yangiholela emcabangweni wokuthi sivame ukuzama ukusebenzisa amasu amasha, angajwayelekile, angakhuphula isivuno sezitshalo zethu zasensimini nezilimo zezimbali, kwesinye isikhathi sikhohlwe yizimo eziyisisekelo, eziyisisekelo zokwakheka kwezilimo eziphakeme. Eyokuqala inhlabathi lapho izitshalo zikhula khona, ukwakheka kwazo, ukwakheka kwazo kanye nokutholakala kwezakhi ezibalulekile zomsoco.
Inhlabathi enothile nenomswakama. © NRCS Soil HealthMasizame ukufingqa izindlela eziyisisekelo ezilula zokuhlola ikhwalithi yenhlabathi nokwandisa ukuvunda kwayo, abangase basebenzise abalimi nabalimi bemifino. Okufanayo kungasebenziseka ekwakhiweni komhlaba, ngoba uhla lwezitshalo ezisetshenziswe lapha lubanzi kakhulu. Mhlawumbe kwabaningi kuzobonakala kuncane, mayelana nokuhlanganiswa kwabo kuzohlinzeka ngesisekelo esihle sesilimo esizayo.
Bheka inhlabathi engadini yakho; uma kunesidingo, bhala umgodi. Umhlaba esizeni sakho uqukethe amatshe (amatshe), isihlabathi noma udaka, ukubola okuphathelene nezinto eziphilayo, futhi okungenzeka kube chalk.
Hlola uhlobo lomhlabathi wakho
Thatha inhlabathi encane kusuka ekujuleni kuka-7-15 cm (ukhanya olula lomhlabathi, amasampula wokujula ngokwengeziwe kumele athathwe). Cwilisa isampula entendeni yesandla sakho;
- uma inhlabathi inamathela ndawonye esigaxeni esinamathele, iba ngcolile, kusho ubumba;
- uma inhlabathi icindezelwa kahle, kepha inhlama ayinamatheli futhi ingakhanyi, lokhu kungumhlabathi ovundile;
- uma amasampula edilika - lesi yisihlabathi, ukuba khona kwamatshe amhlophe kuyo kusho ukuthi inhlabathi iyakwazi ukucwilisa.
Hlola uhlobo lomhlabathi wakho. © USDA NRCSAmatshe nesihlabathi.
Amaphesenti amakhulu amatshe, amatshe, noma isihlabathi kusho ukuthi yize inhlabathi ikhanywa kahle, imbi kakhulu kumsoco. Izithasiselo zomanyolo we-organic ziyadingeka.
I-Chalk (lime).
Kunzima ukuthi izimpande zezitshalo zithole umswakama enhlabathini enjalo, futhi ungqimba oluphezulu oluvundile luvame ukuba mncane. Bumba lomhlabathi ube ngu-60 cm nge-compost noma ngomanyolo we-organic.
Clay.
Izinhlayiya zale nhlabathi ziyisicaba, zinamathela ndawonye futhi zigcine umswakama njengamashidi amabili engilazi, zibekwe phezulu kwenye. Inhlabathi enjalo inothile, kepha ehlobo, yonakalisa ilanga, futhi inyibilika ekwindla nasentwasahlobo, okwenza ukuthi kube nzima ukuhambisa amanzi. Ukufakwa kwe-lime (i-calcium hydroxide) noma i-gypsum (i-calcium sulfate) kuyakwazi inqubo yokuhamba phansi ukushaya inhlabathi enjalo ngokubeka izimbotshana phakathi kwamapuleti, okwenza kube lula ukucubungula. Ngeshwa, ukuphuculwa kwenhlabathi enjalo ngeke kuhlale isikhathi eside futhi ngeke kungene ngokujulile, inqubo kumele yenziwe njalo, ungakhohlwa ukuwugcwalisa ngento yomquba nezinto eziphilayo.
Ukwakheka kwenhlabathi kwe-Acid-base
Inhlabathi ine-acidic, hlangothi noma i-alkali, ethinta ukukhula kwezitshalo, ukumelana kwazo nezifo nokukhiqiza. Izinga le-acidity lilinganiswa ngokuya nge-pH: 4-5 - acidic, 7 - engathathi hlangothi, 8-9 - alkali. Amanani amakhulu awalungile ezitshalweni; okuhle cishe kungama-6 pH. Inhlabathi ye-Peaty cishe ihlala ine-acidic, i-calcareous - i-alkali. I-acidity yenhlabathi inganqunywa ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene. Ukuthola isiza, bhekisisa: i-viburnum ikhombisa inhlabathi ye-alkaline, kanye ne-bracken - acidic. Imiphumela emihle ngokuchazwa itholakala kusetshenziswa idivaysi ekhethekile - imitha ye-pH, kodwa-ke, imiphumela egculisayo iyatholakala ngemicu ekhethekile yephepha eshintsha umbala kusixazululo somhlabathi esimanzi.
Ukugoqwa kwephepha lesikhombi sendawo yonke. © BordercolliezKulula ukwenza inhlabathi i-alkali kakhulu ngokungeza ulamula, imvamisa isetshenziswa ekwindla. Kunzima kakhulu ukwenza inhlabathi ibe acidic ngokwengeziwe; ukusetshenziswa komquba kuyasiza. Kodwa-ke, kungcono ukutshala izitshalo (ikakhulukazi ezihlobisa), ngokuya ngemikhawulo yemvelo eyenziwe yinhlabathi.
Ikhwalithi ebalulekile yenhlabathi ukutholakala kwayo kwezakhi zomzimba, sizokhuluma ngalokhu kwenye yezincwadi ezilandelayo.
