Ephedra, noma Ephedra - ukuthungwa shrub

I-ephedra ilinganiswe kahle phakathi kwezihlahlana zasensimini ezithandeka kakhulu nezimfashini. Ukubukeka komqhele wakhe obukhulu, isodobhu ebonakala iminyene, nomgexo onethezekile ongajwayelekile wamajikijolo, kuzofaka kalula ukusonteka ekwakhiweni kwanoma yikuphi ukuhlangana. Futhi igama lesi-Folk elivamile elithi "coniferi" elibona lesi simangaliso esincane alikhumbuzi ngaso leso sikhathi. Kude kude, i-ephedra ibonakala i-fluffy, furry, close - graphic, kepha ihlala imangalisa. Kepha amandla akhe nokukwazi kwakhe ukugqama ngaphezu kwamathalenta wokuhlobisa.

Ephedra, noma UConifera (Ephedra) - uhlobo lwezihlahla zomndeni wase-Ephedra, noma i-Ephedra (Ephedraceae).

Uyacelwa ukuthi uqaphele: AmaConifers ngokuvamile abizwa ngokungafanele ngeConifers (I-Pinophyta), noma ama-gymnosperms - izitshalo ezinhlamvu zazo zikhula ku-cones (umsedari, i-fir, i-larch, i-spruce, uphayini, njll.).

I-Horsetail Ephedra, noma i-Ephedra Horsetail (Ephedra equisetina). © Lazaregagnidze

Izici Zokuzenzela zoMnyango

Ukuvela kwalesi sihlahla esimangalisayo kungaqhathaniswa nesitshalo esisodwa kuphela - amahhashi. Lapho ubusika buthambile futhi bubuthakathaka, i-conifer ayikhuli ngendlela yesihlahla, kepha iphenduka izihlahla ezinwebekile, ezixakile futhi ezinhle ngokubukeka kwesiqu esingafani nalutho. Kepha ezifundeni ezinobusika obunzima, i-ephedra ikhula ngendlela ye squat, shrubbery ikhula ngobubanzi.

I-Ephedra isihlahla lapho amahlamvu kunzima kakhulu ukubona. Abaphikisi, i-ultrafine, i-fused, abonakali emahlumela, ancishiselwe ku-scaly vaginas. Amagatsha “angenalutho” lwalesi sihlahla aqhakaza umqhele omnyama, opholile, okhula ngamanani amangalisayo futhi empeleni amelela “izinaliti ezithobile, eziqonde,” Kufakwe amakhwela (kuze kube amahlumela ama-4) noma okuphambene, kuhlanganiswe, kufakwe ama-internode amafushane, empeleni abukeka njengamahhashi, kepha makhulu kakhulu. Umbala we amahlumela we-ephedra uhlukile kakhulu. Kwezinye izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo kuyinto entsha, emerald eluhlaza, kwezinye ine-marshy brown, kwezinye ithungatha ngokuphelele. Futhi, njengomthetho, lesi sitshalo sishintsha umbala ngokuya ngomhlabathi nezimo, esivandeni ngasinye sibukeka sihluke.

Ephedra daursky, noma Ephedra daursky (Ephedra dahurica). © amagugu

Kodwa hhayi kuphela umqhele wokunethezeka wobukhazikhazi ukuziqhenya kwesihlahla, kodwa futhi, izithelo ezinhle kakhulu ezijwabuzelayo. Kuyiqiniso, angabizwa ngokuthi amajikijolo kuphela ngaphansi kwesimo: ngemuva kwe-ephedra yesiphambano-impova, izigaxa ezinjenge-berry ziboshiwe, okuthi ezinhlotsheni eziningi kugcinwe ukungathandeki nokuqina. Ngenxa yegobolondo elinamanzi noma elinokhuni, zibonakala njengomgexo womgexo ohlakazekile esihlahleni. Amajikijolo ahlanganiswe ngemuva kokuqhakaza okungaxakile kwe-nondescript, lapho isitshalo sikhipha izimbali zeduna eziqoqwe emalungeni futhi zisemaphethelweni amahlumela, ngokuvamile kwesinye sezimbali zowesifazane oyedwa. Umbala wezimbali umphuzi ngokwejwayelekile, kwesinye isikhathi ungcolile, kuma-conifers ahlukene, izimbali zenzeka ekuqaleni noma ekugcineni kwehlobo (kanti amajikijolo avuthwa kusuka kuJulayi kuya ku-Okthoba, ngokulandelana).

I-Ephedra ihlanganisa "umsebenzi" wokuhlobisa ngesimo sokubukeka komuthi obalulekile. Futhi amajikijolo awo akafanelekile kuphela ekudleni, kodwa futhi anomnandi kakhulu. Shono abizwa ngokuthi “ama-stepp raspberries” futhi ngisho nanamuhla eSiberia asetshenziselwa ujamu kanye nejams.

Ephedra yokulila, noma Ephedra funerea. © Tucapel

Izinhlobo zama-ephedra, noma amaConifers

Kuhlobo lweConifers, kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-42 zezihlahla nezihlahlana, okuvame kakhulu - izitshalo ezinamahlahla. Kepha ziyefana kakhulu kwesinye isikhathi ukuthi kwesinye isikhathi ungahlukanisa izinhlobo ezihlukile kuphela ngokutadisha ngokucophelela kwezimpawu zokuqhakaza nezithelo emthini. Ngaphandle kokufana okubalulekile kwezimpawu, ezinye izinhlobo zama-ephedra zihlala zisezitshalo zasendle, kanti ezinye zithole isimo sezinkanyezi zomklamo wesimanje sendawo.

Isigaxa mude, noma Ephedra ephezulu, noma Ephedra mude (Ephedra ezinkulu) - isihlahla esikhulu esinamagatsha anamanzi, aqhakazile futhi asifushane futhi sakha amagatsha amancanyana ngombala omnyama, lapho kuthi lapho sihlolisiswa ngokucophelela, ungabona amaqabunga angamamilimitha amathathu efakwe ku-2/3 ubude. Ngaphezu kwesitshalo esinezithelo ezingama-centimitha amancane, ifomu le-procera elinamahlumela abushelelezi nezithelo eziphakeme libuye likhange.

Isigaxa samahhashi, noma I-Horsetail Ephedra, noma Ephedra intaba (Ephedra equisetina) - isihlahla esihlala siqinile, esiqondile esikwazi ukufinyelela kumitha ukuphakama nengxenye kumasiko engadi. Inamahlumela acinene futhi aqine, anama-internode afinyelela ku-2 cm ubude, umbala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka obukhulu. Izithelo ziyindilinga, zibomvu ngokugqamile, zinomzimba. Ngokubukeka, isihlahla sakha "curly", umqhele obukhulu kakhulu.

Ephedra daursky, noma Ephedra Daurian, futhi: i-Chinese Ephedra, i-Pseudopapillary Ephedra, noma i-Ephedra Chinesis, i-Ephedra Pseudopapillary (Ephedra dahurica) idonsela ukunaka inyoka yaso esontekile eziqongweni, ezimbalwa zisakaza amahlumela. Umbala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka wama-greens mude ngokwanele, kuze kufike ku-5 cm we-internode kunikeza i-shrub ukubukeka "kwasendle", futhi izinhlamvu ezibomvu zezithelo, ezifana namajikijolo, zinkulu ngokungajwayelekile, kuze kufike ku-1 cm ububanzi.

I-Ephedra mude, noma i-Ephedra iphakeme, noma i-Ephedra yinde (i-Ephedra inkulu). © Izindawo

Isigaxa samahhashi, noma i-Ephedra yamahhashi, noma intaba ye-Ephedra (Ephedra equisetina). © Drew Avery

Ephedra daursky, noma Ephedra daursky (Ephedra dahurica).

Ngokwehlukana, kufanelekile ukugqamisa izinhlobo ezingaphansi kwe-ephedra, ezikwazi ukuletha izinsiza ezingalindelekile ngokuphelele ekwakhiweni kwezingadi zamatshe.

Ephedra, noma Ephedra ephedra (Ephedra monosperma) - ukubukwa okuncane, ukuqamba amanga, imithambeka emangalisa ngokumangalisa nenhlabathi enamadwala. Le ephedra ibukeka sengathi imboza iziza ngoboya obuluhlaza obukhanyayo, futhi lapho irubhidi, esikhundleni salokho kwakhiwa izithelo ezinkulu emqheleni oqamba amanga, kubukeka sengathi kungumbono womlingo. Ekuphakameni, lesi sihlahla se-coniferous sinqunyelwe ku-10 cm, sikhula ngokuqinile, ngokushesha, ngamagatsha amakhulu, futhi sakha amakhethini ahluke ngokuthungwa. Ngokuya ngokuhlobisa, kuyaqabukela kuphela okungancintisana nakho, futhi kuze kufike ku-10 cm ukuphakama futhi kufana noboya obude Ephedra Fedchenko, noma Ephedra Fedchenko (Ephedra fedtschenkoae).

Cishe okuphansi okufanayo, kepha akunakubukelwa phansi futhi Ephedra Gerard, noma Ephedra Gerard (Ephedra gerardiana) Kunomkhawulo ongama-5 cm kuphela ukuphakama, unikeza ukuncoma amagatsha amnyama amnyama anamaqabunga kuphela ayi-fakathi kanye nezithelo eziyindilinga, ezingamasentimitha. Le ephedra inefomu elingaphezulu, elingu-15 cm elingaziwa elinamaqabunga amade.

Isigaxa esidonsa kabili, noma Ephedra ezimbili-spike (Ephedra distachya) saziwa kangcono ngegama lika-Kuzmichev utshani. Ifinyelela kuphela ubude obuyi-15-30 cm, yakha umqhele onqabile wamagatsha angamagatsha aluhlaza marsh anezeluleko eziqonde kahle. Le khonkolo iyakwazi ukudala umphumela oyingqayizivele wamathanga ahlala eqinile. Isici saso esihlukanisayo umbala ushintsha usuka kokuluhlaza kuya kokubomvu ngokushintshwa kancane kwezwi lesithonjana sebheli.

Amafomu ezinwelayo engadini ekhula aze afike ku-20 cm ukuphakama angabalwa futhi Isigaxa sombethe, noma Ephedra emfushane (Ephedra minuta) enamahlumela amancane amancane wethoni entsha, emerald emnyama namajikijolo wezithelo ezinamanzi.

Ephedra emfushane noma Ephedra mfishane (Ephedra minuta)

I-Ephedra enembewu eyodwa, noma i-Ephedra enesithombo esisodwa (Ephedra monosperma). I-Coniffort. © ukininko

Ephedra Gerardiana, noma Ephedra Gerard

Ukunaka! Isimemezelo Sikahulumeni sikaSepthemba 3, 2004 abamele uhlobo lwe-Khvoynik (Ephedra) zifakiwe ohlwini lwezitshalo eziqukethe izinto ze-narcotic ezivinjelwe ukulinyelwa endaweni yeRussian Federation. E-Riphabhulikhi yaseBelarus, utshani be-coniferous buhlukaniswa njengeqembu lezinto zengqondo ezithobela ukulawulwa kombuso.

Ukusetshenziswa kwamaConifers engadini yokuhlobisa:

ekwakhiweni komhlaba;
ukulingisa amathikhi asendle kanye nezinqwaba;
zokuhlobisa nokuhlwaya izingwebe zamatshe ezingadi kanye nezingadi zamatshe;
yemingcele phambi kwezingadi zamatshe;
ukulingisa amaza, izivunguvungu zeqhwa ngendlela yokuhlobisa;
njengezwi lamagama asembhalweni ekwakhiweni kwesimanje (ngenxa yemidwebo yoboya buqhamile ngemuva kwesizinda sanoma yisiphi isitshalo);
njengesitshalo sokwakhiwa kwesizinda noma inhlanganisela yenhlabathi.

Kuyinto ukuthungwa kwe-ephedra, efana ne-porcupine kothile, kothile - ku-fur hard, nakwabanye - izindunduma zesanti - inzuzo eyinhloko neyingqayizivele yesitshalo.

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-ephedra kukhawulelwe kakhulu ngokuqukethwe kwezinto ezinama-narcotic, ukulinywa kwawo nokusatshalaliswa ngenxa ye-ephedrine kuvinjelwe ngumthetho. Kepha lezi zici azisebenzi ezitshalweni ezodwa ezikhule njengomhlobiso. Futhi izinhlobo ezinokuqukethwe okuphezulu kakhulu kwe-ephedrine azisetshenziswa ekwakhiweni komhlaba. Uma ufuna ukuhlobisa isiza sakho ngesitshalo esihle, thenga izithombo noma imbewu etshalwe njengesitshalo sokuhlobisa ezindaweni zokugcina izingane, ezikhungweni zezingadi noma emibukisweni, uhlole ilayisense nezitifiketi zokukhulisa lesi sitshalo.

Ukukhetha abalingani be-ephedra: okusanhlamvu okuhlobisayo, ama-clove, ama-junipers

Isigaxa esiluhlaza okotshani, itiye likaMormoni, i-Ephedra eluhlaza (Ephedra viridis). © Alex Godz

Izimo ezidingekayo kukhonsoli

Ukukhethwa kwezimo ezikhulayo zokuphakama okwanele futhi ezingaphansi kwe-ephedra kunqunywa ngokuthandwa kwezitshalo, "kudluliselwe" kusendle futhi kungaguquki esikweni nakancane. Onke ama-ephedra ajwayele isimo sezulu esomile, amatshe, i-steppe, inhlabathi eyihlane futhi cishe ngaso sonke isikhathi ahlala ezinhlabathini ezinenhlabathi.

Kuwo wonke amaConifers, ikakhulukazi anhlanyelo olulodwa, kubalulekile ukuhlinzeka indawo yelanga. Izinhlobo eziphakeme zeConifers zingahlangana nendawo ekhanyiselwe ukukhanya, kepha ukuhlobisa okukhulu kakhulu kwazo zonke izingqungquthela, ngaphandle kokutholwa, kutholakala kuphela kumasayithi ngokukhanya okukhanyayo kakhulu. Kepha ngakolunye uhlangothi, amaConifers avumelanisa kahle nezinhlaka, awesabi imimoya, futhi angakhombisi i-vagaries yokungcola komoya.

Inhlabathi ye-ephedra idinga okukhethekile: lesi sitshalo sithanda inhlabathi eyomile, enamanzi amaningi ngokusabela kwe-alkali. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlinzeka ngomhlaba onomdlandla wesigaxa esinezitebele ezimbili, kepha wonke amanye ama-ephedra kufanele atshalwe emhlabathini ngokuqukethwe okungenani kokhilimu. Ukulungiswa kwe-ephedra akuyona nje enye yezimo zokuhlobisa, kepha kuyindawo ebalulekile yomhlabathi. Kulesi sitrobheli, kuyadingeka ukukhetha izimo ezinjalo lapho kungekho khona nokwenzeka okuncane kokuxineka kwamanzi kwesikhashana. Ukuzindla ngokweqile kwazo zonke izinhlobo zezinto ezihlangene ngaphandle kokubulawa kuyabulala, kufaka phakathi nobusika. Izihlahla ze-coniffort ezingaphansi komuthi zizizwa zizinhle emhlabathini onamatshe, emadwaleni amadwala anamatshe ama-rockeries kanye nezingadi zamadwala. Uma i-ephedra itshalwe emibhedeni yezimbali noma enhlabathini evamile, khona-ke amanzi anamandla, aphezulu kakhulu abekwa phansi emgodini wokutshala.

Ukutshala kweConifa

Okwe-ephedra, isiza sokufika kufanele silungiselelwe kusengaphambili. Inhlabathi kufanele ibiwe ngokujulile, isuswe kuyo yonke indawo ekhulayo ye-ephedra (eceleni komngcele womgodi wokutshala) futhi ihlanganiswe nesihlabathi ukwenza ngcono ukutholakala kwamanzi. Uma inhlabathi ingakhululekile ngokwanele, umquba uxutshaniswa nawo (ukufaka indawo ephelele yesigcekwane nakho kungenzeka). Inhlabathi ene-lime yokusabela engathathi hlangothi noma ye-acid, ifinyelela izici ezinhle. Kulesi sitshalo, ungqimba olukhulu lwamanzi (kusuka ku-15 kuye ku-20 cm) kufanele lubekwe phansi kwemigodi yokutshala.

Ephedra ipulasitiki impela mayelana nokutshala. Lesi sitshalo singalethwa engadini yakho entwasahlobo, nangasekuqaleni kwekwindla. Ngasikhathi sinye, izinkathi ezimbili zibhekwa njengezifanele kakhulu i-conere:

kusukela maphakathi no-Ephreli kuya eminyakeni eyishumi kaMay;
kusukela eshumini lesithathu ku-Agasti kuya kuSepthemba 15.

Ukutshala kwe-ephedra ngokwayo kwenziwa ngokwezindlela ezijwayelekile. Into esemqoka hhayi ukujula intamo yezimpande, okufanele ihlale isezingeni elifanayo nelokulima kwangaphambilini. Ukunisela ngemuva kokutshala kwenziwa ngempela, kepha hhayi njengokuthanda izitshalo eziningi, kepha ukusabalalisa amanzi emngceleni womgodi wokutshala. Esikhathini esizayo, i-ephedra iniselwa ukunwebisa ukusheshisa ukuzivumelanisa nezimo kuphela ngesomiso, ngenkathi igcina inqubo efanayo yokuchelela.

Ephedra Ukunakekelwa

I-Ephedra kufanelekile ukuba ibe phakathi kwezitshalo ezingamelana kakhulu, eziqinile nezithanda isomiso. Ukuzinakekela kwehla ukuze kulondolozwe izimfanelo zenhlabathi, ukudonsa kwayo namandla okudlula kwamanzi.

Ukuchelela kanjalo akudingeki kwe-ephedra. Kodwa uma isimo sezulu sishisa ngokweqile, futhi kungekho imvula yezinyanga zangempela, khona-ke ukusekela umswakama kuzosiza ifomu lesitshalo amajikijolo amahle. Okwe-ephedra, azikho ngaphezu kwezinqubo eziyi-2-3 zokunisela ezenziwa, kanti futhi kuphela ehlobo. Lapho wenza umswakama wenhlabathi, kudingeka uqaphele ukuthi ungathululeli amanzi ngokuqondile emithini, uwasabalalise azungeze umngcele, 15-20 cm ovela ezinhlangothini zangaphandle ze-turf.

AmaConifers awazukudinga umanyolo nhlobo, ngaphandle kwezimo zokutshala emhlabathini onamathele kakhulu noma izimpawu ezisobala zokuwohloka kwezithelo. Kulokhu, kanye ngonyaka, ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, izichumisi eziyinkimbinkimbi, izindikimba noma izingxube zezimbiwa zifakwa emhlabathini.

Kepha iphuzu eliyinhloko lokunakekela i-ephedra lihlala lilimaza inhlabathi. Inqubo yokuqala yenziwa ngokushesha nje lapho umhlabathi ufudumala entwasahlobo, uzama ukufudumeza inhlabathi, uyihambise kahle ngangokunokwenzeka. Kepha njengoba lesi sitshalo sinohlelo oluphambili lwezimpande, ukukhulula kufanele kwenziwe ngokucophelela, ngokujulile, onqenqemeni lomgodi wokutshala, hhayi ngqo amahlumela. Uma ungafuni ukuzithwesa umthwalo ngokuzayo esikhathini esizayo, khona-ke ngemuva kokufudumala kwentwasahlobo kungcono ukufaka izithombo zenhlabathi. Kwa-ephedra, bavame ukusebenzisa izinaliti, ingxube yesihlabathi nomquba, kepha ezinye izinto zezitshalo, ezinjengamagxolo, zingasetshenziswa. Ukuvula kabusha okuphindaphindekile kuleli cala kungenziwa isikhathi esisodwa kuphela - ekwindla, ngemuva kokuqothulwa kwezithelo kuqediwe. Uma i-mulching ingenziwa, inqubo yokukhulula inhlabathi kumele iphindaphindwe njalo ngenyanga.

Ubusika beConifer

Zonke i-ephedra azesabi isithwathwa. Ngokungafani nokumanzi, umswakama ophezulu ohlanganiswe nokubanda. Ezindaweni lapho kunengozi yokubambezeleka kwamanzi ancibilikayo, ukuthambisa amanzi ebusika, kungcono ukuhlinzeka indawo yokukhosela eyomile ye-ephedra. Kepha uma ukhethe izimo ezifanele futhi wabeka amanzi, khona-ke ukulungiselela ubusika kungancishiswa ekuhlanganisweni kokugcina kwenhlabathi ngemuva kokutshala kwekwindla. Nge-mulching yokuvikela ekwindla, sebenzisa kuphela izinto zokwakha ezomile.

Ukulawulwa Kwezinambuzane Nezifo

I-Ephedra ingahlaselwa yisifo esisodwa - ukubola ngesikhathi sokugcwala kwamanzi. Izinambuzane nezinye izinkinga zokulima zingazesabi.

Ukuzalela kwe-Ephedra

Izindlela eziphambili zokusakazeka kwamaConifers zibhekwa njengezitshalo. Entwasahlobo, izinqubo zezimpande zingahlukaniswa nezitshalo, kepha ukwahlukana kwabo, nokusinda okude, kudinga ukubekezela. Amahlumela ezimpande ahlukaniswe esihlahleni esikhulu afushaniswa abe ngama-stumps ama-10-15 cm amade, atshalwe endaweni eyi-10 cm ukusuka komunye nomunye emigodini ngqo endaweni yokulinyelwa okuzayo futhi, ngokunisela okujwayelekile, kugxilwe ngaphansi kwekhola noma ifilimu. Indlela elula kakhulu ukusika ngo-Agasti ukusikwa okulezigaba ezinamakhompiyutha. Zingagxila ezingxenyeni zesihlabathi, ezinhlafunweni nasenhlabathini engadini ebandayo.

AmaConifera amaningi asatshalaliswa ngokutshala imbewu entwasahlobo. Ukuhluma kuthatha inyanga eyi-1, akudingi kuhlukaniswa. Kungcono ukutshala imbewu ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo noma ngokugcina izithombo okuhlala isikhashana. Ukudepha kwembewu akumele kudlule ku-2-3 cm, inhlabathi kufanele igcinwe inomswakama omncane, kepha ngaphandle kokubamba amanzi.