Iklabishi emhlophe ingenye yemifino eyintandokazi yabantu baseRussia. Izitsha eziningi zikazwelonke azinakukwenza ngaphandle kwawo, ngakho-ke, kunzima ukucabanga noma iyiphi ingadi ngaphandle kwale mifino emnandi futhi enempilo. Abantu bambiza ngokuthi inkosikazi yengadi. Akugcini ngokuba nokunambitheka okuhle kakhulu, kodwa futhi inezindawo zokuphilisa. Ngeshwa, ngenxa yezimo ezithile zendlela ephakathi, iklabishi alitshalwa masinyane emhlabathini ovulekile. Ukuvuna ehlobo, udinga ukukhulisa izithombo. Cishe zonke izinhlobo zeklabishi zitshalwa ngokusebenzisa izithombo
Izinhlobo zokuqala zeklabishi azikwazi ukuqhosha isivuno esicebile. Izinhloko, njengomthetho, zinesisindo esincane esilinganiselwa ku-1.5 kg. Iklabishi laphakathi nonyaka lisetshenziselwa ukulungisa amasaladi ne-borsch ehlobo. Ilungele nosawoti. Kamuva izinhlobo zalesi siko zisetshenziselwa ukuvuna ubusika.
Imbewu yezithombo zezithombo yeklabishi yokuvuthwa okuphakathi nokuvuthwa sekwephuzile ngo-Ephreli noma ngoMeyi, ngokushesha ku-greenhouse noma ku-greenhouse. Iklabishi yokuqala kancane nzima. Izithombo zale nhlobonhlobo yeklabishi zitshalwa efasiteleni, zilungiselela ingxube yazo yenhlabathi, diving kanye nokwenza imbewu ibe lukhuni. Ukuhlwanyelwa kwenziwa ngoMashi.
Ukuze uthole isivuno esihle seklabishi, kufanele wazi imithetho yokutshala izithombo, ukuze ungalungisi amaphutha enziwa kamuva. Igama lokuhlwanyela imbewu lincike esifundeni sokutshala lesi sitshalo.
Ukulungiswa kwenhlabathi yezithombo
Ukukhetha okulungileko kwethanjana lobumba kwezithombo ezikhulayo kungenye yezimo eziphambili zokuthola isivuno esihle. Iklabishi lisengozini yezifo ezahlukahlukene zokukhunta. Imvamisa “umlenze omnyama” uyamshaya, ngakho-ke, izindlela zokuthibela kumele zithathwe kusenesikhathi ukuze isitshalo esinegciwane singeke selashwa. Kungcono ukuqala ukulungiselela ingxube yenhlabathi ekwindla.
Kunezinketho eziningi zokulungiselela isendlalelo sobumba sezithombo zamaklabishi. Efanele kakhulu ingumhlabathi ovela ezingxenyeni ezilinganayo zomhlaba we-sod ne humus. Zonke izithako zokulungiselela ingxube yenhlabathi kumele zibe zintsha. Umhlaba omdala ungatheleleka.
Iklabishi lilungele inhlabathi enempilo yomhlaba. Into esemqoka ukuthi akhululeke futhi avundise. Ukuze uyilungiselele, thatha izingxenye ezimbili ze-coconut fiber nengxenye eyodwa ye-biohumus (humus nayo ifanelekile). Inhlabathi engadini yokutshala izithombo zamaklabishi ayifanele. Ukuze izithombo zeklabishi zingalimazi, kufanele kwenziwe izinqubo eziningana. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukufriza i-substrate yomhlaba. Isixazululo se-potassium permanganate naso sizosiza ukukhipha inhlabathi emgomeni. I-Ash izoba yi-antiseptic enhle futhi ibe ngumthombo wama-macro- nama-microelements. 1 isipuni somlotha kufanele sengezwe ku-1 kg we-substrate yobumba eqediwe. U-Ash ngeke avumele umlenze omnyama ukuba uvele ezitshalweni zamaklabishi.
Ungayilungiselela kanjani kahle imbewu yokutshala
Njengomthetho, imbewu eqediwe ebithengiwe esitolo isivele iqeqeshiwe ngaphambili. Lokhu kungabonakala ngokufunda okubhalwe ephaketheni. Ngembewu edwetshwe ngemibala egqamile, akukho okudingeka kwenziwe. Uma imbewu ibukeka ingokwemvelo, kuthiwe ekuhlanganiseni kubhalwe ukuthi batholile uqeqesho olukhethekile, bazodinga ukufudunyezwa ngokunciphisa kwabo emanzini ashisayo. Zigcine emanzini anjalo imizuzu engama-20. Ngemuva kwalokho, ibekwa emanzini abandayo imizuzu emi-5 bese yomile. Uma ukhetha imbewu ngokwakho oyiqoqele izithombo zeklabishi ezikhulayo, ngeke kwanele ukuba zishise zodwa. Kumele zifakwe emhlolweni, njengoba zime amahora angama-8-18 kwizixazululo zeFitosporin-M. Futhi inqubo yokugcina ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela ukuguga kwembewu kusixazululo sezakhi zezinsuku 2 ngaphambi kokutshala.
Ukuhlwanyela imbewu yeklabishi yezithombo
Ukuze uthole izithombo ezikhulayo zeklabishi, njengomthetho, sebenzisa amabhokisi. Uma uhlela ukudonsa imbewu, izinkomishi ezincane zizokwenza. Ungathatha futhi iziqukathi ezinkulu, ezinobubanzi obungu-7-8 cm. Noma yisiphi isitsha lapho izithombo zamakhabe zikhula khona kufanele sibe nezimbobo zokudonsa. Uma zingekho kuzibuko ezithengiwe, udinga ukuzenza ngokwakho. Izitsha ezilungiselelwe zigcwaliswa ngo-3/4 ngenhlabathi, bese ziyachithwa ngoba iklabishi liqhuma kahle endaweni enomswakama. Kungcono ukubeka imbewu emibili esitsheni esisodwa. Ngemuva kokuhluma, eziqine zikhethwa kuzo.
Lapho kukhula izithombo ebhokisini, kuyadingeka ukuthi kwenziwe ama-grooves ajule ngamasentimitha ayi 1. Kufanele kube nebanga le-3 cm phakathi kwemisele. Imbewu ihlwanyelwa njalo ngo-1.5 cm, bese ifafazwa ngenani elincane lomhlaba. Izinga lokushisa elilungile lokuhluma kwembewu lingama-18-20 degrees. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthambisa izithombo akudingekile uma inhlabathi yayiswakanyiswe kahle ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela. Ezimweni eziningi, amahlumela okuqala angabonakala ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-5. Ngemuva kwalokhu, iziqukathi ezinezithombo zingabekwa kwiwindows epholile, igcine izinga lokushisa lingama-degree angama-7-9. Uma lokhu kungewona amazinga okushisa azoba aphezulu, izithombo zizolula kakhulu. Kancane kancane khulisa izinga lokushisa libe ngama-18 degrees.
Dive Izithombo Zeklabishi
Akubona bonke abalimi abanesikhathi samahhala sokuntywila izithombo zamaklabishi. Uma singekho isikhathi nesikhathi samahhala senqubo, udinga ukulandela izeluleko ezilandelayo:
- Isitshalo kumele sibe nendawo ethile yokudla. Lokhu, iziqukathi zezithombo ezikhulayo kuqala zigcwaliswa yi-substrate yobumba ngo-2/3. Njengoba izithombo zikhula, inhlabathi ethembekile ithululelwa ethangini. Lokhu kunomthelela ekukhuleni kwezimpande ze-lateral.
- Ungakhohlwa ngemisele enhle.
- Izithombo zidinga ukondliwa njalo, ngoba zingenawo umsoco ovela emhlabeni.
Iziphakamiso zalabo abazothulula izithombo:
- Dive kufanele iqalwe emavikini ama-2 ngemuva kokuvela.
- Lapho kungena izithombo esikhundleni sazo, zingcwatshwa ekujuleni okuthile ukuze amaqabunga e-cotyledon athinte inhlabathi.
- Ngemuva kokubuyisela izithombo esikhundleni sazo, kufanele zifafazwe ngesendlalelo esondekile sesihlabathi ukugwema ukutheleleka ngomlenze omnyama.
- Izinga lokushisa elikhulu ngemuva kwe-dive lingama-17-18 degrees. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezi-2, iyehliswa. Ebusuku kuyadingeka ukuligcina izinga lokushisa - ama-degrees ayi-12- 12, phakathi nosuku - ama-13- degree degrees.
- Khumbula ukuthi ngemuva kokudonsela izithombo iklabishi lokuqala likhula kancane kancane.
Ukunakekelwa kwesithombo seklabishi: ukuthambisa, ukugqoka phezulu, ukuqina
Ukunisela
Iklabishi isitshalo esinama-hygrophilous. Phezu kweqiniso lokuthi kudinga amanzi amaningi, kufanele ungawasebenzisi ngokweqile ngokunisela. Izithombo iklabishi ziniselwa emva yomiswa ingaphezulu komhlaba. Uma zonke izinsuku ezingama-7 000 sezokwanela. Ukunisela ngokweqile kuholela ekuthelelekeni ngezifo zokukhunta ezizobhubhisa zonke izithombo. Ngemuva kokunisela izithombo, ungakhohlwa ukuphuma egumbini.
Ukusuka kumswakama omningi ngokweqile, lesi sitshalo ngeke sigcule nje kuphela, kodwa futhi sithole umlenze omnyama. Uma kwenzeka ukutheleleka, isiqu siba mncane, siguqule umbala bese siwa. Lapho kuvela isiqu esimnyama phakathi kwezithombo, zidonswa masinyane zikhishwe. Izithombo ezinempilo zithunyelwa enhlabathini entsha.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Uma inhlabathi ilungiswe kahle, umanyolo awudingi ukusetshenziswa. Uma izithombo zangaphandle zibukeka zingasebenzi, kufanelekile ukucabanga ngokuzondla. Izithombo zondliwa izikhathi ezi-3, isikhathi ngasinye zisebenzisa umanyolo ohlukile.
Ngesikhathi sokuphakelwa kokuqala kwilitha elilodwa lamanzi, amagremu ama-4 we-superphosphate kanye nama-2 amagremu we-ammonium nitrate ne-potassium sulfate ayabiliswa. Kwenziwa lapho sekudlule izinsuku eziyishumi nambili dive.
Ngesikhathi sokugqoka okuphezulu kwesibili, umthamo wezithako ezingenhla ukhuphuka izikhathi ezingama-2. Baqala ngemuva kwamasonto amabili.
Ukugqokwa kokugcina okuphezulu kwenziwa ngezinsuku ezingama-2-3 ngaphambi kokufaka izithombo emhlabathini ovulekile. Lokhu kufanele kufake i-ammonium nitrate, potassium sulfate, superphosphate (5, 8 no-3 amagremu).
Labo abathanda ukukhula imikhiqizo yemvelo ngaphandle kwamakhemikhali kufanele bondle izithombo ngomanyolo we-organic.
Ukuqina kwezithombo
Ngenxa yokuqina, izithombo zizoba nohlelo olunamandla lwezimpande, izithombo kuzoba lula ukuzithatha lapho zitshala emhlabathini. Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokutshala izithombo emhlabathini ovulekile, ziqala ukuzenza lukhuni. Okokuqala, egumbini lapho izithombo zitholakala khona, kuvulwa iwindi amahora amaningi. Ngemuva kwalokho iziqukathi ezinezithombo ezingamahora amabili ziyiswa kuvulandi. Ngaphambi kokungena emhlabathini kushiyelwa kuvulandi izinsuku ezi-3-4.
Isibani
Izithombo zeklabishi zidinga umthombo wokukhanya oqhubekayo. Uma umgwaqo unamafu, ukhanyiswa ngamalambu we-fluorescent. Ngokuncike kukho konke ukuncoma, izithombo zizoqina. Izithombo ezinempilo zinombala oluhlaza omnyama, izimpande ezithuthukisiwe namaqabunga akhiwe angama-4-7. Uma imithetho yokuphatha izithombo yephulwa, angagula. Lesi sifo uqobo ngeke sidlule, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukusindisa izithombo.
Uma umlenze omnyama unqoba izithombo zamaklabishi, umhlaba esitsheni sembewu ekhulayo womile futhi uthukululwe, bese izithombo zifafazwa ngomlotha. Lapho izithombo zezimpande ezibolile ziphathwa nge-rhizoplan noma trichodermin. Ungakhathazeki ukuthi le mithi izolimaza iklabishi. Le mishanguzo inemvelo imvelo. Bangakwazi ukubhekana kalula namagciwane. I-Rizoplan isiza izithombo ukuthi zimunce insimbi, ngakho-ke zizoba nokuvikelwa okuqinile kwesifo, umlenze omnyama. Uma kutholakala ukhula olubunjiwe ezitshalweni, luphathwa nge-Intavir.
