I-Exzakum (I-Exacum) ihlobene ngqo nomndeni wase-gengean (Nationsanaceae). Lolu hlobo luhlanganisa izinhlobo ezingama-30 zezitshalo ezingezona ezinde kakhulu. Ekhaya kukhulunywa kuphela i-Exacum affine, okuyisifo esiqhingi saseSocotra, esisogwini lolwandle i-Indian.
I-exzakum ehlobene iyisitshalo esimnandi esihluma amagatsha ngokuqinile. Isihlahla esiminyene, esifinyelela ukuphakama okungamasentimitha angama-30. Amahlumela amile, aqondile anama-internode amafushane. Amapheshana amafushane akhiwe ngokungafani; anokwakheka kwesigqi esinemiphetho ebushelelezi. Ngobude, afinyelela amasentimitha angu-3.5. Phezu kweqabunga eliluhlaza, kutholakala imithambo eyi-1 emaphakathi ne-2, epeyintiwe emthunzini olula.
Lesi sitshalo siqhakaza izinyanga ezingama-3-4 kusuka ngoMeyi kuya kuSepthemba. Izimbali ze-axillary ezincane (ubukhulu 15 mm) eziqhakaza eziqongweni zeziqu. Izimbali zinamakha amnandi kanti nesihlahla sonke simboziwe nazo. I-corolla eyisicaba, enefomu elifanele, iqukethe amacembe angama-5, anesimo esiseduze nokuyindilinga. Ama-petals angafakwa ngopende ngemibala ehlukene ngokuya ngezinhlobonhlobo, ngokwesibonelo, ku- "Blue Roccet", "Midget Blue", "Blue Eyes" zinombala ogqamile, kanti ku- "White Star", "Midget White", "Fu¬ji White" -mhlophe qhwa. Kunezinhlobonhlobo ezinezimbali ezibubende. Zonke izinhlobo zinama-anthers amfushane amfushane wombala ophuzi ophuzi.
Ukunakekelwa kwe-Exakum ekhaya
Lesi sitshalo, esikhula ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, siyi-biennial. Ekhaya, kukhula njengonyaka. Kuyadingeka ukunakekela i-exakum ngokufanele futhi unikeze izimo ezidingekayo zokukhula, ngaphandle kwalokho imbali ngeke ibe nokubukeka okuhle.
Ukukhanyisa
Uyakuthanda ukukhanya futhi akesabi imisebe yelanga eqondile. Kodwa abalimi bezimbali abanolwazi batusa ukutosa imbali emisebeni yelanga eqondile evuthayo. Iwindi lokuma kwempumalanga, entshonalanga naseningizimu kufanelekile ukufakwa. Akunconywa ukuyibeka efasiteleni elisenyakatho, ngoba kuleli celi izimbali kungenzeka zingenzeki. Ngenkathi efudumele, kungcono ukudlulisela lesi sitshalo emoyeni omusha noma usitshala endaweni evulekile engadini.
Imodi yokushisa
Akubekezeleli amazinga okushisa aphezulu. Izizwa imnandi ekushiseni kwama-degree angama-17 kuya kwangama-20. Emazingeni okushisa aphakeme, imbali ingathinteka kakhulu. Uma isimo sezulu sishisa, igumbi lapho kutholakala khona i-exakum lizodinga ukufakwa umoya ngokuhlelekile, ngenkathi kuqinisekiswa ukuthi isihlahla sivikelekile kokungakapheli.
Noma kunjalo, imbali iyasaba nokubanda. Ngakho-ke, kufanele idluliselwe kumoya omusha kuphela ngemuva kokuba izinga lokushisa elisemgwaqweni lingehli ngaphansi kwama-degrees ayi-13- 13.
Ungaphuzisa kanjani
Ukunisela kufanele kube okuhlelekile futhi okuningi. Inhlabathi kumele inyanyiswe kancane ngaso sonke isikhathi (hhayi emanzi). Kodwa-ke, qiniseka ukuthi uketshezi aluhambeki embizeni, ngoba lokhu kungaholela ekuwohlisweni kohlelo lwezimpande nezisekelo zamahlumela amnyama.
Kuyadingeka ukunisela ngamanzi axazululiwe ukufudumala okuncane kunendawo ezungezile.
Umswakama
Udinga umswakama ophezulu. Imbali kumele ifakwe umswakama ohlelekile kusuka ku-sprayer ngamanzi abilisiwe. Ukufafaza kunconywa ukuthi kwenziwe kusuka ohlangothini olungafanele lwamahlamvu ukuze kugwenywe uketshezi olungena ezimbali. Amaconsi amanzi, njengomthetho, onakalisa ukubukeka kwesihlahla, ashiye iminonjana emibi.
Futhi, ukwandisa umswakama, uthele amatshe amatshe noma ubumba olwandisiwe epanini bese uthela amanzi amancane. Futhi ungabeka isitsha samanzi esivulekile eduze kwale mbali.
Ingxube yomhlaba
I-substrate efanelekile ukutshala kumele ibe ne-acidic kancane noma ingathathi hlangothi, futhi kumele ibuye ivumele nomoya namanzi ukuba kudlule kahle. Ukulungiselela ukuxubana komhlaba, kuyadingeka ukuhlanganisa umhlabathi we-humus, iqabunga, i-turf kanye nomhlaba we-peat, kanye nesihlabathi esihlanganayo, esithathwe ezingxenyeni ezilinganayo. Inhlabathi efanelekayo futhi ethengiwe yezitshalo zezimbali zasendlini.
Batyala izimbali ezimbizeni ezibanzi, eziphansi ngoba zinezimpande ezingaphezulu. Ungakhohlwa ukwenza ungqimba oluhle lwamanzi ngaphansi kwetangi, amashothi aphukile noma udaka olwandisiwe lukulungele lokhu. Ukwenza isihlahla siqhume, kutuswa ukutshala izivivinyo eziningana ebhodweni elilodwa. Ezitolo zezimbali kungathengwa nje izihlahla ezihehayo.
Umanyolo
Bondliwa amahlandla ama-2 noma ama-3 emavikini ama-4. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa umanyolo okhethekile wezitshalo eziqhakazayo.
Izici Zokufakelwa
Ukufakelwa akwenziwa, ngoba imbali kumele ivuselelwe minyaka yonke.
Izihlahla
Ukuthena akufanele kwenziwe, ngoba kuyisitshalo esivele sinohlamvu kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, izimbali ezinde eziningi, ezinezimbali eziningi kumele zisuswe njalo.
Izindlela zokuzala
Le mbali ingasakazwa ngembewu nokusikwa. Ukuhlwanyelwa kwembewu kwenziwa emasontweni okugcina esikhathi sekwindla. Imbewu imane nje isakazeke phezu kwenhlabathi. Isitsha simbozwe ngengilazi. Ngemuva kwengxenye yenyanga kuvela izithombo. Izitshalo ezinjalo ziqala ukuqhakaza zineminyaka engu-5-6 izinyanga.
Ngokwesibambo, udinga ukusika isiqu se-apical, lapho kufanele kube khona ama-3 internodes. Ukuze ubambe kahle, sebenzisa ingilazi yamanzi noma i-substrate equkethe i-moss ne-peat. I-Rooting ishesha ngokwanele (amasonto 1.5-2).
Ungathenga futhi isitshalo esikhulile, okufanele siqale ukuqhakaza esitolo esikhethekile.
Izinambuzane nezifo
Ngokuvamile, izimbuzane zesicabucabu, ama-aphid noma izwakala zitholakala ezitshalweni ezinjalo. Ukususa ama-aphid nezindawo zesicabucabu, kubalulekile ukuwasha izimbali ngokuphelele ngaphansi kweseshidi elishisayo (cishe ngama-degrees angama-45). Ukudonswa kufanele kususwe ngesandla. Ukuze wenze lokhu, thatha umdwebo wekotoni, uwuthambisa kumalungiselelo akhethekile we-insecticidal, bese ususa ngokucophelela lesi sinambuzane esiyingozi.
Isitshalo siyagula kaningi ngenxa yokuthi sinakekelwa ngokungafanele:
- Ukubola okumpunga - Ingavela esitshalweni ngenxa yokumiswa isikhathi eside kwamanzi endaweni esemazingeni aphansi okushisa komoya.
- Amahlamvu aphuzi - Ukunisela ngokweqile nakho ukusola ngalokhu.
- Ukubuna kwezimbali ezingapheli kanye nesomisi se-efihlekile - Umswakama ophansi kakhulu.
