I-Aconite - iWrestler enobuthi futhi enomusa

Ngokweyenganekwane yasendulo yamaGrikhi, i-aconite yakhula kumathe anobuthi kusukela enja eyindlama uCerberus, ayikhipha nguHercules evela emhlabeni ongaphansi komhlaba (olweshumi nanye weHercules). Igama elithi "wrestler" isitshalo kungenxa yezinganekwane zaseScandinavia: i-wrestler yakhulela endaweni yokufa kukankulunkulu uThor, onqobile inyoka enobuthi futhi wabulawa ukulunywa kwakhe. Izici ezinobuthi ze-aconite zazivele zaziwa ezikhathini zasendulo: amaGrikhi namaShayina enza ubuthi ngemicibisholo kuwo, eNepal ayifaka ubuthi ngecala lokudla izinyamazane ezinkulu nokuphuza amanzi lapho isitha sihlasela.

I-Fighter napellus, noma i-Aconite napellus growar "Newry Blue" (Aconitum napellus 'Newry Blue'). © basswulf

Ukunaka! Sonke isitshalo, kusukela ezimpandeni kuya kwempova, sinobuthi obukhulu.

UPlutarch ubhala ukuthi ama-aconite anobuthi be-aconite kaMark Anthony alahlekelwe yinkumbulo yabo, futhi bahlanza i-bile. Ngokwenganekwane, kwakuvela e-aconite lapho uKhan Timur owaziwayo afa - ishecki lakhe ligcwele ujusi onobuthi. Ubuthi besitshalo bubangelwa okuqukethwe yi-alkaloids ekuwo (ngokuyinhloko i-aconitine), okuthinta isistimu yezinzwa ephakathi futhi kubangele ukwethuka nokukhubazeka kwesikhungo sokuphefumula.

Ubuthi be-aconite buxhomeke endaweni okuyiyo (inhlabathi, isimo sezulu), eminyakeni yesitshalo - ezindaweni ezihlala eningizimu inobuthi obuningi, futhi eNorway, ngokwesibonelo, iyazondla izilwane. Kuhlakulelwe emasikweni, emhlabeni ovundile wegadi, i-aconite ilahlekelwa yimpahla enobuthi ngemuva kwezizukulwane eziningana.

Ukusetshenziswa kwezokwelapha kwalesi sitshalo kwehluka kakhulu; eTibet ubizwa ngokuthi "inkosi yezokwelapha", waphathwa nge-anthrax, i-pneumonia; emithini yesintu yaseRussia, i-wrestler yayisetshenziswa njenge-painkiller yangaphandle. Kuze kube manje, ezinye izinhlobo ze-aconite zibhalwe kuNcwadi Ebomvu.

I-Aconite, noma uWrestler (I-Aconitum) - Uhlobo lwezitshalo ezingama-herbaceous ezinobuthi zomndeni weRanunculaceae (I-Ranunculaceae).

Isihlahla se-Aconita. © Glenlea Greenhouses

Incazelo ye-aconite

Uhlobo lunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwama-300, ezivamile ezifundeni ezishisayo zaseYurophu, e-Asia naseNyakatho Melika. Izitshalo ezingama-perennial rhizome noma izimpande ze-herbaceous ezinezimpiko eziqinile, kaningi kakhulu - eziwumshini noma eziwugqinsi ziba ngama-50-150 cm ukuphakama (kubaqibeli kuze kufike ku-400 cm). I-Rhizomes oblong-ovate ibe ngu-5 cm ubude nama-2 cm ububanzi. Ukujula kokungena kwezimpande emhlabathini kungama-5-30 cm. Amaqabunga akhiwe ngesundu, ahlakazekile noma alayishwe, aluhlaza omnyama, ahlelwe ngokulandelana okulandelayo.

Izimbali ezingejwayelekile ze-aconite ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, i-violet, azimhlophe kangako, ziphuzi noma ziboshwe. I-corolla enjenge-corolla enamathuna ayisihlanu, enye engenhla ibukeka njengesigqoko sokuvikela isigqoko, ngaphansi kwesembozo sayo kukhona amacembe amabili asephenduke imonto. Izimbali ziqoqeka kuhlobo lomjaho olula noma olunamagatsha afinyelela ku-50 cm. Qhakaza kusuka ngoJulayi kuze kube sekupheleni kukaSepthemba. Izithelo - incwajana enezinhlamvu eziningi, enamazinyo aqondile noma aqondile. Imbewu incane, grey, nsundu futhi imnyama, ngezingcezu ezi-1 g kuya kwezi-450, gcina ukuhluma iminyaka eyi-1-1,5.

Okudumile kakhulu i-aconite napellusUluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Izinhlobo eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, ezivame kakhulu eYurophu, kwesinye isikhathi ezihlukaniswa zibe yizinhlobo zasendaweni ezincane. Isibonelo, ama-aconite alukhuni nama-aconite aphansi ahlukaniswa kumaCarpathians, kanye nama-aconite aminyene ezintabeni zase-Alps.

Ukwehluka kwalesi zinhlobo, okukuvumela ukuthi ukhethe izinhlobo eziningi, kube nomthelela ekusatshalalisweni kwazo ezingadini, kodwa futhi kwabangela ukudideka okubi kakhulu ngamagama. Ezinye izinhlobo ezisondelene, ezibuye zangeniswa kusiko, azange zifake ukucaciswa. Kuyinto panicle aconite - Izinhlobo zaseNingizimu Melika, ezinesiqu. Izimbali ezintekisini ezinde ezihlafunwe zakha ibhulashi elivulekile, imbewu enamaphiko ayi-1. Aconite mosagated -okungathi ukuxhumana okuphakathi kwabo, kuhlanganisa izinkomba zombili. Ihlangana nabo ezindaweni ezifanayo, ikakhulukazi, kumaCarpathians. Futhi ekugcineni aconite kammarum Shterka enethoni ezimbili, noma nenhle - i-hybrid of motley and blue, konke kuyadida. Ihlanganisa izici zabazali bobabili, kepha inombala othakazelisa kakhulu, ovame ukuveza imibala emibili. Lokhu kube nomthelela wokuthi sekuyisikhathi eside futhi ngokuzinzile azinzile ezingadini zethu, ekhuluma ngendlela yezinhlobo ezahlukene: “Bicolor” (''I-Bicolor') - ihlotshiswe ngokuqinile, ngama-inflorescence amafushane wezimbali ezimhlophe ezinomngcele onsomi. I-Grandiflorum albhamu ('I-albhamu kaGrandiflorum') ngezinwele ezinde zezimbali ezimhlophe, "Pink Surance" (' 'Umuzwa we-Pink') pink.

Wrestler, noma Aconit Lamarck (Aconitum lamarckii). © Carl Lewis

Ukulima i-aconite

Izinhlobo eziningi ze-Aconite zibanda impela-ubusika. Lapho ubekwa engadini kuyadingeka ukuthi ucabangele lokho I-Aconite Antorra (Aconitum anthora) kanye Aconite Karmichel (Aconitum carmichaelii) zidinga ukutshalwa ezindaweni eziphakeme ilanga. Zonke ezinye zibuyiselana kalula nokubopha amanzi.

Ama-aconites abekezelela ukufakelwa kahle. Kuyinto elula ukukwenza entwasahlobo noma ekwindla, lapho iziqu zingakakhuli noma sezivele zisikiwe. Ubukhulu bomgodi wokufika kufanele bube bukhulu kangangokuba i-rhizome ihlangana ngokukhululeka kuwo. Ngaphambi kokutshala, umgodi ugcwaliswa ngomanyolo ogcwele wamaminerali (15-20 g ngegodi lokutshala ngalinye). Intamo yezimpande ijule ngo-1-2 cm.

I-Aconite kulula kakhulu ukuyisabalalisa nge-vegetatively ngokuhlukanisa ama-rhizomes: entwasahlobo noma ekwindla, ihlathi lihlukaniswe kalula izingxenye. Ibanga lokufika kufanele okungenani libe ngu-25-30 cm.

Ukuzala kungenzeka futhi ngembewu. Kepha kuma-Aconites, umbungu wembewu awukhuli ngokuphelele, ngakho imbewu ingahluma kuphela emva konyaka, lapho uvuthiwe. Kungenzeka ukufezekisa ukuhluma kwembewu okusheshayo usebenzisa ukulungiselela kwangaphambili kokuhlwanyelwa, ikakhulukazi, i-stratation. Izithombo zivame ukuqhakaza ngonyaka we-2-3. Izici zokuhlukahluka ngesikhathi sokusakazwa kwembewu azigcinwanga.

Ukunakekelwa kwe-Aconite

Ukunakekelwa kwe-aconite kuvamile: ukukhulula, ukubeka phezulu, ukhula, ukususwa kwama-inflorescence omisiwe, ngezikhathi ezomile - ukuchelela.

Izitshalo zivame ukuthintwa yi-powdery hlobo.

IHemsley Wrestler, noma i-Aconitum Hemsleyanum. © beartomcat

Ukutshala imbewu ye-aconite

I-Aconite isabalalisa ngembewu, ukusika, ukuhlukanisa isihlahla noma ama-tubers endodakazi. Imbewu ihlwanyelwa ekwindla konyaka wokuqoqwa ezindaweni ezinombala omncane ngomhlabathi omanzi. Amahlumela avela entwasahlobo yonyaka olandelayo. Ngokuhlwanyelwa kwentwasahlobo, imbewu iqhuma ngemuva konyaka futhi ukuhluma kwazo kuncishiswe kakhulu.

Kunconywa ukuhlukaniswa kwezigaba ezimbili: ukushisa ngo-20 ... 25 ° C isikhathi esingangenyanga futhi kubanda ku-2 ... 4 ° C isikhathi esingangezinyanga ezintathu, emva kwalokho imbewu imila ndawonye ekushiseni kwegumbi. Esigabeni seqabunga elilodwa noma amabili, izithombo ze-aconite ziyantshontshelwa kude ne-10 cm, kuthi ekwindla zitshalwe endaweni ngokwephethini engu-25 x 30. Izitshalo ezincane ziyaqhakaza eminyakeni engama-2-3. Izici zokuhlukahluka ngesikhathi sokusakazwa kwembewu azigcinwanga.

Ukusakazeka kwe-aconite

Izinhlobo ze-Rhizome ze-aconite zihlukaniswe futhi zitshalwa entwasahlobo, izinhlobo zezimpande zentwasahlobo ekwindla, engxenyeni yokuqala kaSeptemba. Ibanga ngesikhathi sokutshala kumele okungenani libe ngu-25-30 cm, njengoba izihlahla zikhula ngokushesha okukhulu. Ukuze uthuthukise izimbali, kufanele zihlukaniswe njalo emva kweminyaka emine futhi zidluliselwe endaweni entsha. Ngokuxhunyelelwa, kusetshenziswa amahlumela amancane otshani obuyi-10-12 cm, akhula ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo kusuka kuzilimo eziyizigaxa ezibunjiwe. Amahlumela amadala awathathi izimpande ngenxa yokukhonkotha.

I-Curly wrestler, noma i-Aconitum curly (i-Aconitum volubile). © Ben Rushbrooke

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-aconite ekwakhiweni kwengadi

I-wrestler isetshenziswa ekuqoqekeni kweqembu elilodwa nelincane, okuhlanganisiwe. Ukubuka okwenyuka kuyamangalisa ekubonakaleni komhlaba mpo kwama-arbor nama-verandas. Ama-inflorescence e-Aconite angasetshenziselwa izindimbali. Ukusika kwenziwa lapho ingxenye yesithathu yezimbali iqhakaza. Kusetshenziswa kwezokwelapha. Ezinye izinhlobo zifakwe ku-Red Book.

Yize ama-aconite ehlobisa kuyo yonke inkathi ngenxa yamaqabunga aminyene futhi anamathebula amahle, ukuqhakaza okungezelela ubuhle. Esokuqala ukuqhakazai-aconite ephezulu (Aconitum septentrionale) - kakade ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi izimbali zayo zembulwa. I-wrestler engamelana noboya (Aconitum lasiostomum), bese kuthi I-wrestler emhlophe (Aconitum leucostomum) thatha i-baton ngoJuni, ngoJulayi bahlanganiswa aconites oki (I-wrestler yi-antidote, noma i-Aconite Antora (Aconitum anthora)), ukwethuka (Ingadi ye-wrestler (Aconitum cammarum)), ezinye izinhlobo ze-kammarum, futhi sezivele ziyaqhakaza ngo-Agasti i-aconite Fisher (Aconitum fischeri), izinhlobo ezikhuphukayo nabaningi beqembu amazambane wrestlerluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (Aconitum napellus) Ukuqhakaza kwe-Aconite yinde, kuvame ukwelula inyanga noma ngaphezulu.

I-wrestler noma i-Aconite imhlophe-ibele, noma ibele elimhlophe, noma elimhlophe qhwa (Aconitum leucostomum). © Jan Wolf

I-wrestler engamelana noboya (Aconitum lasiostomum). © Laumas Strazdinas

I-Wrestler noma i-Aconit Fischer (Aconitum fischeri). © Caitlin W.

Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo ze-aconite

I-Potato wrestler, noma I-Aconite napellus uyikho I-Aconite Blue (Aconitum napellus) imvelaphi yase-Eurasia. (By the way, hood of the monks was called "hood", yingakho igama elithi hood). Nguye otholakala kakhulu ezivandeni zaseRussia. Amahlahla amakhulu (aze afike ku-2 m ukuphakama) ane-lilac emnyama, kwesinye isikhathi cishe izimbali ezimnyama azisihle kuphela sonke isizini, kodwa futhi azidingi i-garter - iziqu zawo ziqinile futhi zizinzile. Lapho ingxenye esemaphakathi yokudubula inyamalala, izimbali ezilandayo ziyaqhakaza, yingakho izimbali ziqhubeka cishe inyanga. Kunezinhlobo eziningana zemvelo zalolu hlobo.

I-compact aconite hood (Aconitum napellus subsp. nanum) Kufika ku-1 m mude. Izimbali zingwevu-lilac noma off-mhlophe. Iqhakaza engxenyeni yokuqala kaJulayi.
Aconite napelliform form lobelike (Aconitum napellus subsp. lobelii) Ukuphakama okungu-1,2-1,5 m. Izimbali kuma inflorescence aminyene ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma okwesibhakabhaka. Futhi indlela ye-Glechreise (Glecherries) - ifomu elinezimbali ezimhlophe. Ziqhakaza ekuqaleni kukaJulayi.
Ijamo le-aconite pyramidal hood (Aconitum napellus subs. ukwethuka) Ukuphakama oku-1-1,5 m. Izimbali zibubende-nsomi, zikhulu kakhulu. Le subspecies ingumthombo wezinhlobonhlobo ezinhle kakhulu. I-aquamarine ye-Flowers 'Newry Blue'. Iqhakaza kusuka ngoJulayi kuya ku-Agasti.
Indlela ye-aconite napellus ye-tavric (Aconitum napellus subsp. i-tauricum) Idraw ifomu elingaba ngu-60 cm ukuphakama. Imvelaphi evela eduze kweSalzburg neTirol.

I-Fighter napellus, noma i-Aconite napellus (Aconitum napellus). © PETER GREENWOOD

Izinhlobo ze-Aconite napellus:

'Intonga Yesibhakabhaka' izimbali ezine-violet-eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nesikhungo esimhlophe, eziqoqwe ngamabhulashi aminyene,
'Bressingham Spire' (ukuphakama 90 cm) - nge-violet-eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.

Aconite ezimbili-ithoni (Aconitum bicolor) kweminye imithombo kubhekiselwe kokubhalwe phansi kwe-aconite napellus, noma kunjalo, imvamisa ihlukaniswe ngendlela ehlukile. Zifana impela, kepha i-aconite inombala wethoni ezimbili zezimbali mhlophe ngokugoba okubanzi okuhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.

I-Wrestler noma i-Aconite bicolor (Aconitum bicolor).

I-Wrestler, noma i-Aconite mosagated (Aconitum mosagatum) kusuka emazingeni aphansi eCentral Europe. I-Prefers ihlathi icwebezelwa ngamakhambi. Iziqu ziphezulu ku-2 m ukuphakama, amaqabunga ahlakazekile kakhulu, izimbali zinkulu, luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, mhlophe ngomphetho oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma okumhlophe okumhlophe. Isikhathi sezimbali - ukuphela kukaJulayi - Septhemba. IMotley aconite nayo inezimo zemvelo:

Ifomu lomusa we-Aconite (Aconitum mosagatum subsp. gracile), izinhlobonhlobo ezinhle futhi ezikhule kalula, ukuphakama kufinyelela kumamitha ayi-1;
Ifomu le-Aconite elihlanganisiwe le-Judenberg (Aconitum mosagatum subsp. i-judenbergense) enamasondo aqinile aqinile, kepha hhayi aqine kakhulu ngaphezu kwamamitha ayi-2.

Ingadi yempi, noma ingadi ye-aconite (Aconitum cammarum) - i-hybrid ebanzi etholakala ngokuwela i-aconite napellus, i-aconite enemibala emibili kanye ne-moton ye-aconite. Ifana kakhulu nabo, kepha iziqu zinciphile (zidinga i-garter ekhanyayo), amaqabunga anqunywa emabeleni amancanyana, kanti izimbali zinesigqoko esidala. Kunezinhlobo ezingaphansi kwe-inflorescence aminyene, azidingi i-garter. Indawo engcono kakhulu ye-aconite x saber inombala obomvu noma onelanga, kepha ivikelwe emisebeni eqondile phakathi nesikhathi esishisayo. Izinhlobo zegadi le-aconite:

'IRubellum'- Izimbali ezinombala onsundu;
'Eleonora'- Izimbali ezimhlophe qhwa;
'INachthimmel'- ngezimbali ezinkulu kakhulu ezimnyama;
'UFranz marc'futhi'I-Caerulleum'- Izimbali eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.

Ngaphezu kwalawa, ama-aconite ajwayelekile futhi akhula kalula, kunezinhlobo ezimbalwa ezingandile, kodwa ezisebenzayo kakhulu.

I-North wrestler, noma I-wrestler ephezulu, noma I-wrestler ejwayelekile (Aconitum septentrionale) Imvelaphi yaseSweden. Ifana kakhulu ne-wolf aconite. Ihlukahluka kuyo kuphela ngombala wezimbali: zingcolile-lilac. Izinhlobo zakhe ze-'Ivorine 'ezinezimbali ezimhlophe ziyathandwa. Lezi izinhlobo zezimbali eziqhakaza kakhulu, ukuqala kwezimbali kwenzeka ngasekupheleni kukaJuni.

I-Wolf aconite (Aconitum lycoctonum) Imvelaphi yaseYurophu, ikhula emahlathini amade, atshanini obuluhlaza obomile, osebeni lwemifula nemifudlana. Ukuphakama kweziqu kusukela ku-60 cm kuya kumamitha ayi-2. Izimbali zinombala osibabule-ophuzi, futhi ukuphakama kwezigqoko zokuphotha kungacishe kube kabili ububanzi bentyatyambo.

Isilwi se-Antidote, noma I-Aconite Antora (Aconitum anthora) Ukubukwa kwentaba, ukuphakama kuphela ngu-30-40 cm, izwe lakubo - Alps, Pyrenees, eCaucasus. Iziqu eziqondile zithweswe umqhele ngezimbali ezinkulu zesibabule. Uthanda inhlabathi engathathi hlangothi futhi evundile ngokulinganayo. On isivuno, ikhula ibe cm 60-90. Iqhakaza maphakathi noJulayi.

Karmichel Wrestler, noma Aconite Karmichel (Aconitum carmichaelii) Imvelaphi yaseMpumalanga Ekude nase China. Ukubuka okuhle kakhulu ngeziqu ezinde (kufika ku-2 m) nezimbali ezinkulu kakhulu. Iqhakaza sekwephuzile, ekupheleni kuka-Agasti - Septhemba, futhi kuphela endaweni evulekile yelanga. Izimbali ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Kukhona okubhalwe phansi ngombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka wombala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka - i-aconite Karmichel ifomu leWilson.

Muhle kakhulu Curly Wrestler, noma I-Curly Aconite (I-Aconitum volubile) ngeziqu eziguqukayo (ngaphezu kwamamitha ayi-2) ukusonga izisekeli. Izwe lakubo yiKorea, eSiberia. Amaqabunga amahle aqoshiwe, izimbali ezinhle ezinsomi emnyama emasendeleni amnyama zilenga kusuka kusekela, zifana nama-mini silk waseChinese. Kunefomu elinezimbali ezimhlophe. Le nhlobo idinga umthunzi okhethiweyo.