I-lemon iyisitshalo esingajwayelekile emndenini we-citrus, esithole isikhathi eside ukuthandwa hhayi njengesithelo esinempilo nesiphilisayo, kodwa futhi njengesihlahla sendlu. Kuyiqiniso, akulula ukuyikhulisa efulethini ledolobha elijwayelekile, kodwa abalimi abaphikelelayo ikakhulukazi bakha izimo ezinhle zelepisi, futhi ubonga ngokubukeka kwakhe okuhle nangokuzilungisa, nangezithelo eziningi.
Ungathenga isitshalo esincane kunoma yisiphi isitolo esikhethekile, kepha asikujabuleli ukuthandwa okukhulu, ngoba ulamula awushibhile, futhi ukunakekela kunzima. Abaningi abalokothi bakukhulise, besaba ukungabekezeleli futhi basibhubhise lesi sitshalo esishisayo esishisayo. Ngemuva kwakho konke, ukunakwa kanye nokunakekelwa okukodwa akwanele. Ulamula wangaphakathi uzodinga izimo ezikhethekile zokuboshwa, eziseduzane nezimo zayo zemvelo. Kutholakala kalula ngesifo futhi kungathikamezwa yizinambuzane ezahlukahlukene.
Inkinga evame kakhulu futhi evamile ukubonakaliswa okungekuhle engxenyeni yeqabunga lesitshalo. Ngokusobala amaqabunga kalamula aqala ukuguquka aphuzi bese aphuka, bese ewa ezinhlangeni. Ukuze ugweme izinkathazo ezinjalo, kuyadingeka ukwazi izimbangela ezinkulu zalezi zigameko. Kunezici eziningi ezidala lezi zinkinga ngelamula lwangaphakathi.
Izimbangela eziphambili zokuphuzi kwamaqabunga kulamula
Ukuntuleka kokukhanya
Ukukhanya kwelanga okukhanyayo kanye namahora amade okukhanya kwelanga emazweni afana neNdiya neChina, ezithathwa njengendawo ethandwa kakhulu futhi enhle yokutshala ulamula, kungenye yezinto ezibalulekile ekwakhiweni okuphelele kwesitshalo esishisayo. Ekhaya, kuzofanele usebenze kanzima ukudala izibani ezifanele unyaka wonke. Ngemuva kwakho konke, ukuntuleka kokukhanya nokuphuzi kwamaqabunga kuhlobene ngqo.
Kungenzeka ukugcwalisa ukuntuleka kokukhanya emoyeni omusha (ngokwesibonelo, kuvulandi, kwi-loggia noma kwi-ithala). Ukushintsha indawo okulinywe kuyo ilamula kungenzeka kuphela emazingeni okushisa aphakeme ebusuku, angehli ngaphansi kwama-degree Celsius nokungabikho okuqinisekisiwe kokungabikhona kwamaqhwa asebusuku.
Ekamelweni lokumelwa kwezithelo zamawolintshi, udinga ukukhetha i-sill ngewindows eliseningizimu yefulethi, futhi ngaphezu kwalokhu, sebenzisa isibuko noma i-foil njengethuluzi elibonisayo, elizokhulisa kakhulu ukuhamba kokukhanya kwemvelo. Isixazululo esihle kakhulu kungaba ukusetshenziswa kwesibani se-fluorescent njengokukhanya okwengeziwe.
Ukunisela okungalungile
Ukwehla noma ukuntuleka kwamanzi okunisela kuholela kwisifo sohlelo lwezimpande zesitshalo, esiqala ukulwa kanzima nempilo futhi sisebenzise wonke amandla aso ekubuyiseleni izimpande, futhi vele akukho izinsiza ezanele zengxenye ye-aerial, ngakho-ke izinkinga ziqala ngamaqabunga. Uma ukuntuleka kwamanzi ngesikhathi lokunisela kusengalungiswa futhi inhlabathi ebhodweni lezimbali inyanye isikhathi, khona-ke ukugcwala kwamanzi kuzoholela ekufeni kwesitshalo ngenxa yokuvela kokubola.
Isimo esifanele somhlabathi singukuswakama okungalingani njalo.
Ukushisa kokuqukethwe okungalungile
Uphuzi nokufiphala kwamahlamvu ngokuvamile kungumphumela wokucindezelwa kwesitshalo. Ukucindezelwa kwelamula kusho ushintsho olungazelelwe emazingeni okushisa, okubandayo okubandayo kanye nokushisa komoya okuncane egumbini.
Ummeli wezithelo zamawolintshi angakhula ngokuphelele emazingeni okushisa kusuka ku-14 kuya ku-27 degrees Celsius. Izimo ezifanele ukuguquguquka okushisa okuncane ngaphakathi kwale mikhawulo. Ukuzindla ngenkathi ebandayo kufanele kwenziwe ngokucophelela okukhulu. Imivimbo yomoya obandayo kufanele idlule ngaphezu komqhele weplanethi yendlu (lokhu kusebenza futhi nasekusebenziseni fan, isimo somoya). Esikhathini sokufudumeza, izinto zokushisa (kufaka nendawo yomlilo), ezitholakala eduze kwesitshalo, azinangozi kangako kulamula.
Umswakama ophansi
Kungenzeka ukuthi kulondolozwe izinga lomswakama oludingekayo kwilamula (cishe ama-70%) ngosizo lwezinqubo zamanzi ekuseni nakusihlwa kusihlwa nsuku zonke nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka. Ngokufafaza umqhele, kunconywa ukusebenzisa amanzi athambile, amile. Futhi ungaxhuma ama-humidifiers asendlini, umthombo omncane we-mini kanye ne-generator enomusi ukuxazulula le nkinga.
Ukuntuleka kwezakhamzimba nezinto zomkhondo
Ukudla okunempilo kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokukhula nokukhula kolamula egumbini. Ngokuntuleka kwezinto ezithile zokulandela umkhondo nezakhi zomzimba, lesi sitshalo sishintsha umbala wamaqabunga size siyilahle. Isibonelo, ukubukeka okukhanyayo okuncane okuphuzi kumaqabunga kuvela ngokuntuleka kwe-nitrogen. Ukomisa amaqabunga emaphethelweni kukhombisa isidingo sesitshalo se-phosphorus. Futhi ukukhanya umbala oluhlaza weqabunga misa kubonisa ukungabikho kwensimbi.
Abalimi bancoma ukwethulwa okufika ngesikhathi nangendlela ejwayelekile yokufaka umquba okinkimbinkimbi wezitshalo ezivela emndenini wezithelo kumthamo ngqo, ohlongozwayo emiyalweni. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ungazidluli izilinganiso zomanyolo ezisetshenzisiwe, ngoba zimunwa yisitshalo, okusho ukuthi okweqile kwezinto zokulandela kanye nezithelo kungadliwa futhi kulimaze umsebenzi wezitho ezahlukahlukene zomuntu.
Izinambuzane
Ukubhekana nezinambuzane eziyingozi ezidla ujusi wamaqabunga neziqu zikalamula, ungathola kuphela ngosizo lwezixazululo zamakhemikhali nezidakamizwa ezahlukahlukene zokufafaza izitshalo zamawolintshi.
- Isimila sesicabucabu singabhubhisa isidakamizwa "Actellik".
- Isihlangu sesaba ukufafaza ngeFitoverm.
- Ungasusa ama-aphid ngokusebenzisa iTanrek.
- Ngokumelana namhlophe kanye nezibungu, uNeoron, Aktara, uFufanon basebenza kahle.
Izifo eziyingozi
Izifo ezithathelwanayo, ezibangelwa amagciwane kanye nesikhunta, ezikhonjiswa kumbala kanye nesimo sengxenye yeqabunga lelam, ngeshwa ngeke zilaphe. Ezimweni eziningi, isitshalo esithintwe ukhunta kufanele sichithwe, ngoba asinakusindiswa, futhi kulula kakhulu ukuthelela ezinye izimbali zasendlini. Phakathi kwezifo eziningi zikalamula, ezivame kakhulu zingahlukaniswa.
Isikali - Isifo se-fungal scab noma ukuqina kwempi kubonakaliswa kuzo zonke izingxenye zesitshalo - iziqu, amaqabunga nezithelo. Okokuqala, kuvela amabala amancane aphuzi engxenyeni yeqabunga, athi emva kwesikhashana abe yizinhlamvu zohlobo olumnyama olimpunga. Ukuguqukela ekukhuleni okukhulu kwesiqu, ama warts kancane kancane abhubhisa isitshalo.
Esikhathini sokuqala kwesifo, ungazama ukusindisa ulamula. Zonke amahlumela neziqu ezithintekile zingaphansi kokuthenwa, futhi izingxenye ezisele ezinempilo kufanele zifafazwe nge-Bordeaux fluid.
Malsecco - Lesi sifo sibuye sibangelwe yisikhunta futhi ukuqala kwaso kunganqunywa ngezimpawu ezithile. Imithambo ephuzi ngokumelene nesizinda samahlamvu aluhlaza okhanyayo ingubufakazi bokuqala kwesifo. Isikhathi esincane sizodlula futhi ukuqothuka kwamaqabunga kuzoqala, okuzogcina sekwehle, bese kuthi iziqu zethu zome kancane kancane. Akusizi ngalutho ukulwa nalokhu ukhunta, isitshalo asikwazi ukwelashwa.
Ibala elinsundu - Lesi sifo fungal has elinye igama - phylostictosis. Isikhunta sivame ukuthinta amaqabunga akhiwe engxenyeni engezansi yesitshalo. Ukubonakala kwalesi sifo kubonakala ngokubonana kwamaqabunga ethunzi elinsundu elikhanyayo n rim ngombala omnyama.
Esigabeni sokuqala sesi sifo, umqhele we-citrus ungalashwa ngamalungiselelo akhethekile we-fungicidal, anconyelwe ukubhujiswa kwezinye izinhlobo zezikhunta - lo ngu "Strobi", "Vectra" noma "Abiga-Peak".
Ukubuka okunamafutha - Lesi sifo esingalapheki sokukhubazeka singabhubhisa ulamula wangaphakathi ezinyangeni ezi-3-6. Ngeshwa, akunandaba ukuthi isifo sitholakala ngasiphi isigaba. Isisindo samaqabunga aluhlaza okokuqala simbozwa ngamabala aphuzi apholile, bese kuba cishe olintshi, bese simnyama futhi simnyama. Ingaphezulu lamaqabunga athintekile libukeka linamafutha.
Uma kutholakala izimpawu zokuqala zalesi sifo, kunconywa ukubahlukanisa ngokushesha ulamula kwezinye izitshalo, futhi okungcono - ukusibhubhise masinyane, ngoba kungenzeka kube khona ukutheleleka kwezilwane ezifuywayo ezisele.
Ukulimala okufika lapho - Okujwayelekile ezitshalweni eziningi zasendlini, isifo sokulimaza sekwephuzile siqala ukuthinta ulamula ovela entanjeni yezimpande. Izimpawu zalo ekugcineni zibonakala emaqabungeni naseziqu. Izimpawu eziphambili zalesi sifo yizindawo ezinamanzi ezinombala omnyama ku-cortex, okuthi ngemuva kokuqhekeka kwesikhathi esithile, kuthi kukhishwe uketshezi olunephunga eliphuzi. Amapuleti amaqabunga embozwe izindawo ezinamafutha.
Izinyathelo eziphuthumayo - ukuhlanza izingxenye ezilimele zamagxolo kanye nokwelashwa kwesitshalo sonke nge-Bordeaux ewuketshezi.
UTristeza - Lesi sifo sibangelwa yigciwane elaziwa kabanzi phakathi kwabaqambi bezingadi baseYurophu, ngoba likhetha ukuthelela abamele abahlukahlukene bezithelo zosawolintshi. Akunakwenzeka ukwelapha isitshalo kulesi sifo esibangelwa amagciwane.
Lesi sifo sinezigaba ezintathu zokukhula. Kowokuqala - amaqabunga aba ophuzi noma abethusi. Kwesibili - umbala wamaqabunga uyagcwala - uphuzi. Futhi isigaba sokugcina ukuwa okukhulu kwamahlamvu, ukufa kwengxenye yezimpande kanye nesitshalo sonke.
Izici zemvelo
Kwesinye isikhathi iqabunga elilodwa eliphuzi livela esihlahleni selamula esingaphansi komqhele, futhi isitshalo sihlala sisesimweni esijwayelekile futhi esingaguquki izici zangaphandle isikhathi eside. Kulokhu, asikho isizathu sokukhathazeka - iqabunga elidala selivele laphuzi, elizowa ngokushesha, futhi kuqhamuka iqabunga elisha endaweni yalo.
