I-spruce yasekhaya i-Araucaria ingeyohlobo lwe-evergreen, i-conifers yomndeni wakwa-Araucaria. Ososayensi banezitshalo ezingama-19 ezisindayo zalolu hlobo. Indawo abahlala kuyo yemvelo yiNew Caledonia, iNorfolk Island, i-Eastern Australia, iChile, eningizimu yeBrazil, iArgentina neNew Zealand. Kukhona ne-Cook pine, evame ukwenziwa eHawaii, e-United States kanye nesiqhingi saseLanai.
Ukusabalalisa i-halo - ezindaweni ezivulekile eduze kwamahlathi nezihlahla. Ungabona inani elikhulu kakhulu lezinhlobo eziseNew Caledonia (lokhu kungenxa yokwahlukaniswa isikhathi eside nokuqina kwesiqhingi sonke).
I-Araucaria yaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi uphayini waseChile. Lesihlahla sathola igama laso kuMapuche (abantu boMdabu baseMelika) basenkabeni yeChile nasentshonalanga esentshonalanga yeArgentina - i-Araucano. Indawo yokusatshalaliswa kwabantu ihlangana ne-halo yokusatshalaliswa kohlobo. Abantu baseMapuche, kepha banegama labo - uPhuen, futhi babhekwa njengabangcwele. Abantu abahlala ezigodini eziphansi kwe-Andes bazibiza nje ngokuthi ngabakwaPhuenches ngokuthi "abantu bakithi", njengoba ngokwesiko beqoqa imbewu yalesi sihlahla ukudla.
Alikho igama likazwelonke lalesi sitshalo. Imvamisa ibizwa nge- pine, kepha eqinisweni ayihlangene nalolu hlobo. Igama elijwayelekile igama elithi i-spruce yendlu.
Kunamaqiniso amathathu ajabulisayo nge-Araucaria:
- Ngisho nangesikhathi se-Mesozoic, i-araucaria yayibhekwa njengenye yamaminerali aphilayo.
- Kuze kube yiCretaceous, uphayini waseChile wawungandile e-hemisphere esenyakatho.
- Izihlahla zaziwumthombo oyinhloko wokudla okunamandla kakhulu eJurassic kuma-sauropods amadala.
Incazelo nesithombe se-araucaria
Ngokubona incazelo, i-Araucaria imvamisa kakhulu izihlahla ezinkulu ezinesiqu esiqondile nesikhulu kakhulu, esingafinyelela kumamitha ayi-100 ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene.
Amagatsha akhula ngokuthe nkqo futhi anamaqabunga anenaliti noma indawo enesikhumba, kanti kwezinye izinhlobo angaba bobabili ama-lanceolate futhi abe-awl. Zingahleleka ngezindlela ezihlukile, kunezindlela ezimbili kuphela: 1. Kuphakathi kokuthi basebenzelana kakhulu; 2. Baphakeme futhi baphethe futhi basebenzelana ngokuphelele.
Izihlahla ikakhulukazi zihlukahlukana, zinomsuka owesilisa nowesifazane. Kube nezimo lapho isitshalo esivela kulolu hlobo lwe-Araucaria saphenduka sangobulili obufanayo noma sashintsha lapho ubulili baso.
Ungasibona kanjani isitshalo sowesifazane noma sowesilisa? Izigaxa zabesifazane zitholakala phezulu esihlahleni futhi zinesimo sebhola (ubukhulu bungafani kakhulu, ngokwesibonelo, kunezinhlobo ezinobubanzi obuyi-5 cm, kanti kukhona ezingama-30). Imbewu kuzo iyadliwa (kusuka kwezingama-80 kuye kwezingama-200), ezifana nomsedari (okuncane kakhulu kunabo).
Amamitha nawo atholakala ngaphezulu kwesihlahla, kepha ubukhulu bawo bancane kakhulu - isilinganiso samasentimitha ayi-10. Amasayizi ngosayizi mude futhi mncane (ngesimo afana nesilinda) ukusuka ku-5 kuye ku-15 cm ububanzi.
Sinikezela ukubona izithombe ze-araucaria:
Ukunakekelwa Kwe-Araucaria
Uma wenza umsebenzi wokutshala i-araucaria, lapho kuphela abamba ukushisa. Futhi qiniseka ukuthi ulandela yonke imithetho yokunakekela i-araucaria, ngaphandle kwalokho vele ubhubhise isitshalo.
Futhi-ke, ngabaqalayo, ake sinakekele izinga lokushisa lomoya. Isitshalo se-araucaria simane sidinga umoya ohlanzekile (lesi ngesinye sezizathu ezibaluleke kakhulu zokuthi kungani lolu hlobo olungakhi kahle luthatha izimpande endlini). Izinga lokushisa elifanele lesitshalo ebusika okungenani liba ngama-degree ayi-10 (kodwa lingabi ngaphezu kwama-15), futhi ehlobo, izinga lokushisa lekamelo nalo lilungile (akukho ngaphezu kwama-20 °).
Ehlobo, kungcono ukuqeda ukukhanya kwelanga ngqo, ukukhanya okungafani nokukhanya. Ukuqinisekisa ukukhula ngokulingana kwesitshalo, kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukubakhona kokukhanya okuvela ezinhlangothini ezimbili. Uma lokhu kungenzeki, sincoma ukuvula i-Araucaria 90 ° njalo ngeviki (ukusatshalaliswa kokukhanyisa).
Isitshalo kumele siphuziswe njalo ukuze singasiqedi. Ebusika kuyalingana, futhi ehlobo kuyasebenza. Amanzi akufanele abande noma, kunalokho, ashise kakhulu - kungcono ukuwuyeka utshise kancane ngaphambi kokunisela, bese uqala ukuthambisa kuphela. Kuhle uma ulifafaza njalo, elizophinde livikele ukuthi lome futhi livumele isitshalo ukuba silondoloze umbala waso ohlaza okotshani obalulekile kulo lonke ubusika.
Ngokutshala, kufanele ulungiselele i-substrate yesihlabathi, i-turf, iqabunga ne-peat. Kuzoba kuhle uma ungeza inhlabathi encane ye-coniferous ukuze isitshalo sikwazi ukumila kangcono.
Imbali ye-Araucaria kufanele itshalwe kabusha ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo (Mashi-Ephreli) noma ekuqaleni kwehlobo (June). Uyacelwa ukuthi uqaphele ukuthi okufakelwa kudinga kuphela izinhlobo ezikhulayo, umhlaba uzungezwe ngokuphelele izimpande - lokhu kungenxa yokuthi lesi sitshalo siyakubekezelela kabi ukufakelwa. Khetha izimbiza ezibanzi zokufakelwa nge-drainage enhle, ngoba ezincane azizukuvumela isitshalo ukuthi sikhule ngokusemandleni aso.
Isitshalo esidala sidinga ukufakelwa kwesinye isikhathi cishe izikhathi ezi-4 ngonyaka, osemncane angaphila iminyaka engaba mihlanu ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka kwangaphandle.
Ngesikhathi sokukhula (lesi yisikhathi sentwasahlobo nehlobo, njengoba ukhumbula), kubalulekile ukuyondla njalo ngesonto ngamanyolo wezimbiwa ezinokuqukethwe kwe-calcium ephansi (kuyazwela kakhulu).
I-Araucaria isakazwa ngokuhlukanisa izingcezu noma ukutshala imbewu.
Ukulima ngaphakathi kwe-Araucaria ngaphakathi (noma araucaria)
Ibizwa nangokuthi yi-spruce yegumbi. Umsebenzi wabo oyinhloko ukuhlanza umoya. Indaraor araucaria ingafinyelela ukuphakama okungama-60 m, kepha ungesabi, lokhu kuphela ezimeni zendawo yokuhlala yemvelo. Ezimweni zokukhulisa indlu noma efulethini, alikhuli ngaphezu kwamamitha ayi-2. Amagatsha esitshalo atholakala ngokuvundlile, akha uhlobo lwephiramidi. Umehluko wawo kwezinye izinhlobo ukungabikho kwezigaxa ezingakhiqiza imbewu. Ingaphezulu lamagxolo linomthunzi onsundu futhi liqala kancane. Amaqabunga mancane (awekho ngaphezu kuka-2 cm) futhi ngezinaliti ngombala oluhlaza okhanyayo.
Ikhaya le-Araucaria lidinga ukunakekelwa ngokucophelela nangokuhlala njalo. Futhi udinga ukuyithatha hhayi isikhashana, kepha kusukela ngosuku lokuqala. Igumbi kufanele likhanye, futhi uma lokhu kungenzeki, khona-ke kufanele kuhlinzekwe negumbi elinendawo enkulu yokujikeleza komoya okuhle. Uma uthatha isinqumo sokuyiyisa engadini ehlobo, khona-ke qiniseka ukuthi ilanga aliyiweli kuyo - mayibe ngumthunzi noma umthunzi oyingxenye. Uma ubuza abangane asebebambe lesi sitshalo, mhlawumbe bazoqala ukukukhipha umoya, uchaze ukuthi lesi sitshalo asiqali kahle futhi izinaliti ziphenduka ophuzi ngokushesha. Le corollary inesizathu - i-araucaria yegumbi idinga amazinga okushisa okungenani ayi-12 ° C, ngaphandle kwalokho izoqala ukuphenduka iphuzi inyamalale (futhi uzame ukuyigcina ingeyintsha futhi ipholile egumbini lapho ikhula khona). Akuthatha izimpande kahle ezindlini zesimanje ngokushisa okuphakathi - ukushisa kubhubhisa isitshalo, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukuwuthambisa kathathu ngosuku. Uma igumbi lipholile - khona-ke njalo ngezinsuku ezi-2.
Ehlobo, i-araucaria yangaphakathi idinga ukuthambisa okuhle, kepha ngokulinganisa - ngaphandle kwalokho izinaliti zizoqala ukuphenduka ziphuzi. Ebusika, ukuchelela kuba olinganiselayo.
Bheka isithombe se-araucaria ekhaya noma ekhaya:
Izinhlobo ze-Araucaria araucana noma iphayini waseChile
I-Araucaria araucana noma iphayini yaseChilean isitshalo esihlala sikhula njalo esingafika kumamitha angama-40 ukuphakama ngesiqu esingamamitha amabili. Ezweni Lasemakhaya - ingxenye ephakathi neningizimu yeChile, kanye nengxenye yasentshonalanga ye-Argentina.
Kukholelwa ukuthi le yi-Hardy kunazo zonke izinhlobo. Unobudala obukhulu, ngakho-ke kwesinye isikhathi ungahlangana negama lakhe njengamaminerali. Lesihlahla sithuthwa impova ngumoya. Kungaba nezigaxa zowesilisa nabesifazane. Owesilisa ubukeka njengekhukhamba elijwayelekile ubude obungu-5 cm. Imbewu ivuthwa eminyakeni eyi-1.5 ngemuva kokucoliswa futhi inesimo sebhola (kufika ku-15 cm ubukhulu). Kuze kufike imbewu engu-200 ngasikhathi.
Izinhlobo zezitshalo i-Araucaria araucana zisetshenziselwa emithambekeni yezintaba, okungenani amamitha ayinkulungwane. Ngokufakwa kabusha okuhle kuvumela cishe noma yiluphi uhlobo lomhlabathi. Ilungisa isimo sezulu esifudumele nemvula ephezulu. Iphayini laseChile lingabekezelela amazinga okushisa ngisho noma ngu-20 ° C. okubuye kuqinisekise isimo sayo njengezinhlobo eziqina kakhulu.
Imbewu zikaphayini waseChile ziqoqwa kakhulu eChile, ngoba ziyadliwa futhi zingasetshenziswa ekuphekeni. Imvamisa, amazwe aseNtshonalanga kanye nabakhiqizi basentshonalanga bayayisebenzisa kulezo zindawo lapho ezinye izilimo ze-nati zingenakukhula nganoma iyiphi indlela. Kepha kunento eyodwa kepha: ukunikeza imbewu, isitshalo kumele siphile okungenani iminyaka engama-30- 35.
Loluhlobo lufa cishe, yingakho luvikelwe ngumthetho futhi lubhalwe kwiBhuku elibomvu.
I-Araucaria Bidville
Isihlahla esikhulu esihlala sihlala njalo nesitshalo somndeni wakwa-Araucariaceae. Indawo yemvelo iyindawo enomswakama eningizimu mpumalanga ye-Australia (Queensland) kanye namabili asenyakatho-mpumalanga. Izinhlobo zakudala zezinhlobo zingatholakala eNew South Wales, Western Australia nase Perth. Ukuphakama kwabo kufinyelela ku-50 cm.
IBidville araucaria inezigaxa ezinkulu eziyindilinga ezine-carapace ethambile nenempilo. Ngaphambi kokuvula, awela eduze kwesihlahla. Abanye ososayensi bacabanga ukuthi bondliwe ngabadayisi bezilwane kanye nezilwane ezincelisayo ezihamba sekwephuzile.
Umuthi we-Araucaria unendlela engajwayelekile yokuhluma kwembewu. Imbewu yakha i-tuber engaphansi komhlaba, okuvela kuyo, njenge-antenna, ihlumela isiqu esizayo - isiqu. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele kanye nesimo sezulu esifudumele, sikhula cishe iminyaka emibili kuya kwemithathu.
Izingcingo ezingafika ku-30 cm ubukhulu zingavula ezimweni ezimbili - kungaba lapho izinyoni ezinkulu zikwenza, noma lapho izithelo zivuthwa (ngenxa yalokho sithola imbewu enkulu noma amantongomane).
Ibanga Araucaria bonsai
Isihlahla se-evergreen se-coniferous noma isitshalo somndeni womndeni wakwa-Araucariaceae. Habitat - Iningizimu Melika. Njengazo zonke izinhlobo zezilwane, uthanda ukukhanya, kodwa ukukhanya kwelanga okungaqondile.
I-Araucaria bonsai inezikhukhula ezinkulu, ezimile ezifika ku-120 cm ukuphakama. Amacembe afana nenaliti anweba ekhoneni elifanele.
Ebusika, izinga lokushisa lekamelo lapho lesi sitshalo sikhona kufanele okungenani libe ngu-17 °. Pholisa egumbini lonke igumbi njalo, kepha qiniseka ukuthi i-araucaria ayikho kokusalungiswa okungapheli, uma kungenjalo, isitshalo sizofa. Njengazo zonke ezinye izinhlobo, ikhula kancane, kepha inikeza izithelo ezinkulu impela.
Lesi sitshalo esisha sitshalwa kanye njalo eminyakeni emibili, esidala - izikhathi ezi-2-3 ngonyaka.
Yini okufanele uyenze uma i-araucaria iqala ukoma?
Okokuqala, ukugwema lokhu, kufanele ulungiselele igumbi kusengaphambili - igumbi eliqhakazile elihanjiswa njalo. Ungakhohlwa ukuhambisa amanzi njengoba kudingeka, kanye nokufafaza ngamanzi afudumele.
Okwesibili, uma lokhu kusenzeka, ngakho-ke qhubeka ngokunisela isitshalo ngokucophelela, wengeza u- "Epin" emanzini wokufafaza. Futhi ungakhohlwa ukususa izinaliti eziphuzi neziwayo.
