Isitshalo se-herbaceous perennial knifofia (Kniphofia), esibizwa nangokuthi yi-kniphofia, simele umndeni ongaphansi komndeni ka-Asphodelidae Xanthorrhoea. Ngokwemvelo, lesi sitshalo esinjalo sikhula eMpumalanga kanye naseNingizimu Afrika, kanti singatholwa endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-4 000 ngaphezu kolwandle. Phambilini, lolu hlobo lobuzwe lwaluyimele umndeni womndeni we-Lilein. Kuhlanganisa izinhlobo ezingama-75, ezinye zazo kanye nama-knifofiya nzalo, atshalwa njengezitshalo eziqhakazayo. Lolu hlobo lwegama labizwa ngegama lesazi saseGerman uJohann Jerome Kniphof.
Izici knizofii
Isitshalo esiqhakaza se-knizofia siyisidalwa esihlala njalo esingaba njalo. Ukuphakama kwezihlahla kuyahlukahluka kusuka ku-0.6 kuya ku-1.5 m. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-knomofi kaThomson ingahle ibe nobude obungaba ngu-300 cm. I-rhizome emfushane iyenene. I-basal rosette iqukethe amapuleti eqabunga lesikhumba esimilo se-xiphoid. Izikejana ezingenamvubelo zikhula zivela maphakathi nale ndawo yokuphuma, ephethe ama-inflorescences ama-apical ifomu le-sultanate noma elenzelwe ispike. Ukuqanjwa kwama-inflorescence kufaka phakathi ukudonsa izimbali ezincane ezinombala obomvu, ophuzi noma wamakhorali. Isiko elinjalo linesici esisodwa esihlukile, okungukuthi: ama-buds (ngokuvamile abomvu) nezimbali (imvamisa kakhulu ophuzi) esihlahleni esisodwa zipendwe ngemibala ehlukene. I-Knifofia iqhakaza phakathi nenkathi yehlobo, futhi isihlahla esilahliwe asilahlekeli ukubukeka kwayo okumangazayo kuze kube sekwindla sekwephuzile. Izithelo ziyibhokisi.
Ukutshala ngaphandle kwe-knifophia
Isikhathi sokutshala
I-Knifofiya ikhula kusuka ezinhlanyelweni ngendlela yesithombo. Ukuhlwanyelwa kwenziwa ezinsukwini zokugcina zikaMashi noma owokuqala - ngo-Ephreli, ngalokhu, amakhabethe agcwele ingxube yenhlabathi yezimbali asetshenziswa, asetshenziswa ngaphambi kwegciwane. Amabhokisi aphezulu kufanele ambozwe ngefilimu. Izilimo ngaphambi kokuba izithombo zifakwe efasiteleni noma zihlanzwe endaweni ebamba ukushisa. Bazodinga ukungena komoya okuhlelekile nokunisela. Izithombo zokuqala kuzodingeka zivele ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-15 ukuya kwezingu-20, emva kwalokho kufanele ziqale ukujwayela izimo zasekamelweni, ngoba lokhu kufanele ususe indawo yokukhosela isikhashana nsuku zonke, ngenkathi isikhathi senqubo kufanele sande kancane kancane. Lapho kuqala amapuleti eqabunga angokoqobo ezitshalweni, azodinga ukhetho, ngoba lokhu zisebenzisa izinkomishi ngazinye. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi leli siko liphatha kabi kakhulu ekupholiseni okubukhali, nasendaweni enesimo sezulu nesipholile. Kulokhu, ukutshala izithombo enhlabathini evulekile kufanele kwenziwe ngoJulayi ngemuva kokuba isithwathwa esibuyayo sishiywe ngemuva futhi isimo sezulu esifudumele singene.
Imithetho yokufakelwa
Izindawo ezinomthunzi azilungele ukutshala imbali enjalo, ngoba ngesinye sezitshalo ezinenqwaba yezithombe. Indawo enhle yokutshala kwayo kuzoba ukuphakama okutholakala engxenyeni eseningizimu yengadi. Inhlabathi kumele ivunyelwe kahle futhi ivikele umswakama. Khumbula ukuthi ukungagxili kwe-fluid ohlelweni lwezimpande kungalimaza kakhulu isitshalo. Indlela engcono yokukhulisa imbali enjalo inhlabathi enesihlabathi, okumele ikhululwe futhi ivundiswe ngaphambi kokutshala i-knifofiya.
Esakhiweni esilungiselelwe, kuyadingeka ukwenza imigodi yokungena, phakathi kwayo igcine ibanga elingamamitha ayi-0,3-0.4 Lemigodi kumele ichithwe ngamanzi, emva kwalokho kutshalwe izithombo kuyo. Ubukhulu bemigodi akufanele bube ngaphansi kwenani lezinqubo zesitshalo, ezithathwe kanye nenqwaba yomhlaba. Ngemuva kokutshala izitshalo, izimbobo kufanele zigcwaliswe ngenani elifanele lomhlabathi. Ingaphezulu lenhlabathi ezungeze izihlahla liyagoqwa, kanti nezitshalo ngokwazo ziyaniselwa.
Ukunakekela i-knifofiya engadini
Kulula ukukhulisa i-knifofiya kwisakhiwo sakho sengadi. Ngenkathi yokuqala emva kokutshalwa kwesitshalo enhlabathini evulekile, kufanele kuniselwe ngendlela ehlelekile, kukhululwe ingaphezulu lomhlabathi futhi kususe notshani lokhula endaweni. Izimbali zokuqala zingabonakala kuphela ngesizini ezayo futhi kuphela uma uhlelo lwezimpande lwesitshalo luqiniswe kahle. Futhi ngenxa yalokhu kuyadingeka ukuthambisa inhlabathi ngendlela esezingeni elifanele, kodwa ngokulinganisela, futhi futhi ukhula futhi ukhulule inhlabathi.
Ungawunisela kanjani amanzi futhi uwondle
Ukunisela kwenziwa kuphela lapho ingaphezulu lomile selomile. Uma isimo sezulu sishisa futhi sinomile, kuzodingeka ukuthi uthele i-knifofiya kaningi kunokujwayelekile. Ukwehlisa inani lokhula, ukusikhulula nokunisela, kunconywa ukugcwalisa ingaphezulu lesayithi ngesendlalelo se-mulch (sawdust noma peat).
Ukungena phezulu kwezihlahla kwenziwa ekuqaleni kwenkathi yentwasahlobo ngaphambi kokuba iziqu eziluhlaza zikhule noma ngesikhathi sokubumba kwamahlumela. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa umanyolo oqukethe i-nitrogen noma i-organics, futhi lapho isihlahla sinqamuka, sidliswa ngomanyolo we-potassium mineral.
Ubusika
Lapho ukhule maphakathi ne-lat latos, isiko elinjalo akusona isibindi eside, kepha kungakapheli amasizini ambalwa i-knifofiya izokwazi ukuhlobisa ingadi yakho. Esihlahleni esiphelile, udinga ukusula yonke imicibisholo, kepha akudingeki uthinte amahlamvu. Lapho ulungiselela imbali ebusika, amapuleti ayo amaqabunga aboshwe kahle, khona-ke isihlahla ngokwaso sidinga ukumbozwa ungqimba lwe-peat crumb, embozwe ngamagatsha e-fru spruce ngaphezulu. Ngaphezulu kwendawo yokukhosela, kuyadingeka ukubeka izinto zokumboza umswakama, ngokwesibonelo, ifilimu noma impahla yophahla. Entwasahlobo, ukukhosela ezinhlahleni kufanele kususwe. Bese uhlola izihlahla bese unquma noma yikuphi okonakaliswa yiqabaka noma amapuleti eqabunga aphuzi.
Ukufakelwa
Uma ugaya isihlahla ebusika futhi usilethe endlini, lapho-ke ungayelula impilo yayo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, imbali iyasuswa enhlabathini, bese itshalwa ebhodweni le-volumetric bese ifakwa egumbini elipholile ebusika. Qinisekisa ukuthi uhlelo lwe-knizofia alusomi, ngoba lokhu udinga ukukunisela ngenani elincane lamanzi uma kunesidingo. Isihlahla sitshalwe emhlabathini ovulekile entwasahlobo yokugcina noma emavikini okuqala ehlobo.
Izifo nezinambuzane
Uma unamathela ngokuqinile emithethweni ye-agrotechnical yalesi siko futhi uyinakekela kahle i-knifofiya, khona-ke imbali izolimaza kancane. Izinambuzane ezidla amaqabunga zingahlala kuso. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, khona-ke ama-bush adinga ukuphathwa ngesixazululo sokulungiswa kwe-insecticidal.
Uma unisela imbali kaningi kakhulu futhi kakhulu, lokhu kungenza ukubola kuvele ohlelweni lwezimpande. Isitshalo singasindiswa kuphela uma lesi sifo sitholakele ekuqaleni kokukhula kwaso. Kulokhu, isihlahla kanye nengaphezulu lomhlabathi oseduze kwaso ziphathwa amahlandla ama-2 noma ama-3 ngesisombululo sokulungiswa kwesikhunta. Uma i-knifofiya ithinteka kakhulu bola, khona-ke kufanele isuswe emhlabeni ibhujiswe. Uma lokhu kungenziwa, khona-ke ukutheleleka kungasakazeka ezitshalweni eziseduze.
Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo ze-knifofiya ngezithombe namagama
EYurophu, kuqalwa inani elincane lezinhlobo ze-knifofi.
Knifofia Taka (Kniphofia tuckii)
Lolu hlobo luvela engxenyeni eseningizimu yezwekazi lase-Afrika. Yatholakala ngonyaka we-1892, yatholakala nososayensi, okwathiwa lolu hlobo lwenhlonipho yahlonishwa. Ukuphakama kwesihlahla kungamamitha ayi-0.8. ubude bamaqabunga aluhlaza okotshani afinyelela ku-0,4 m, banesimo se-xiphoid. Ama-inflorescences, afinyelela kubude obungamasentimitha ayi-15, aqukethe izimbali ezibomvu ophuzi, kuyilapho izimbali zidwetshwe ngombala obomvu. Ezivela kwezinye izinhlobo ze-knifofiya, iTaka ihlukaniswa nokuqina okuphezulu kakhulu. Ngokuqondene nalokhu, lolu hlobo seluthande ukuthandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabalimi bezinsimbi eziphakathi nendawo, njengoba izimbiza zokubusika zingashiywa emhlabathini, kodwa inqobo nje uma zimbozwe kahle.
I-Knifofiya berry (Kniphofia uvaria)
Emvelweni, le nhlobo ingatholakala eKapa kuphela. Ukuphakama kwesihlahla eside kungama-200 cm. ubude bamapuleti amaqabunga aluhlaza angaba ngu-50 cm, banesimo se-xiphoid. Ama-inflorescence amakhulu ubude afinyelela ku-0,25 m, izimbali zawo eziphansi ziluhlaza ophuzi, kanti ezingenhla zibomvu-coral. Lesi sitshalo siqhakaza cishe amasonto ayi-8. Itshaliwe kusukela ngo-1707. Izinhlobo nezinhlobo:
- Ifomu elinezimbali ezinkulu. Ukuphakama kwesihlahla kungamamitha ayi-1,3. Ubude bama-inflorescence afinyelela ku-0.3 m, aqukethe izimbali ezinombala obomvu ovuthayo.
- UDkt Kerr. Ama-Peduncle afinyelela ubude bemitha. Ukuphakama kwama inflorescence cishe ngamasentimitha angama-20, aqukethe izimbali ezinombala ophuzi we-lime.
- Ubuhle be-Orange. Ubude bama-peduncle cishe amasentimitha ayi-100. Izimbali ze-Orange ziqoqwa kuma-inflorescence.
- Umlilo Ovutha amalangabi. Izimbali zidwetshwe ngombala obomvu obomvu.
- I-Popsicle. Amabhasi afinyelela ukuphakama kwamamitha. Izimbali ezingezansi ziphuzi kulokhu okuhlukahlukene, kanti ezingaphezulu zingapendwe ngemithunzi ehlukahlukene kusuka kubomvu-amakhorali kuya ku-orange.
I-Hybrid Knifophia (Kniphofia x hybrida)
Zonke izinhlobo kanye nzalo ezadalwa kusetshenziswa amajikijolo knifofiya ziqoqwe lapha. Izinhlobo nzalo kanye nezinhlobonhlobo:
- Abendzonne. Ama-Peduncle, afinyelela kubude obungu-1,2 m, aqukethe izimbali eziphansi eziphansi nokubomvu okuphezulu.
- Ikhadinali. Isihlahla sifinyelela ukuphakama kwamamitha ayi-1,2. Izimbali zipendiwe zibomvu ngomlilo.
- I-Bernox Triumph. Ukuphakama kwezihlahla eziphansi kungamamitha ayi-0.6. Umbala wezimbali ungowolintshi ocebile.
- IGolden Skeper. Ukuphakama kwama-peduncle acishe abe yi-1,2 m. Ukwakheka kwama-inflorescence amakhulu kufaka nezimbali ezinombala ophuzi ogcwele.
- I-Indiana. Ukuphakama kwesitshalo akudluli amasentimitha ayi-100, kuhlotshiswe ngezimbali ezibomvu-orenji.
- I-Royal standard. Le nhlobonhlobo yazalwa ngaphambi kokuphumula, kepha kuze kube namuhla idume kakhulu. Ukuphakama kwesihlahla kucishe kube ngu-100 cm, izimbali eziphakeme ngokubomvu obomvu kanti ezingaphansi ziphuzi.
- Isikhulu maurito. Isihlahla, esifinyelela kubude obuyi-1,2 m, sihlotshiswe ngama-inflorescence amakhulu anemibala ebomvu-nsundu.
- Theo. Ukuphakama kwesitshalo kucishe kube ngu-100 cm, kubonakaliswa ngokuqhakaza kwezimbali eziningi. Umbala wama-inflorescence ubomvu-olintshi.
- Rocket. Ama-inflorescence amakhulu we-red-cinnabar atholakala kuma-peduncle, afinyelela ubude obuyi-1,3 m.
- I-Knifofiya hybrid Fleming Torch. Izihlahla ziphansi cishe ngo-0.6 m, zihlotshiswe ngama-inflorescence aphuzi obomvu.
