Umuntu ngamunye osebenza ehlobo noma umlimi we-amateur uyazi ukuthi ibaluleke kangakanani inqubo yokunisela esivandeni kanye nasengadini. Izihlahla zezithelo, izimbali, imifino, utshani bokuhlobisa, izihlahla - zonke lezi zitshalo zidinga umswakama. Isixazululo sangempela ngamaphampu wokunisela ingadi. Idivayisi ilula futhi isebenza kahle ukuyisebenzisa. Kodwa kanjani ukukhetha ipompo engadini kahle? Yiziphi izindlela ongazisebenzisa lapho uyithenga?
Sibutsetelo ngamapampu okunisela engadini
Iphampu yengadi ingaxhomekeka ekunikezelweni kwamanzi.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwensiza:
- ukujula;
- okweqile;
- kusuka esitsheni (umphongolo);
- amanzi.
Ukukhetha ukukhetha okulungile kwesiza sakho, udinga ukunquma ukuthi amanzi azophuma kuphi, futhi futhi unake okuthandwa yizitshalo. Yenza uthando uketshezi oluxazululiwe nolungabandisi. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi izitshalo zithole amanzi emvula. Ungaqoqwa ezitsheni: imiphongolo, imicengezi noma amabhakede, bese unisela imibhede.
Emasimini ekhishini nasemakotishi ehlobo kunamachibi okumba kanye namachibi. Ukushintshwa kwamanzi kuzoba wusizo ezindlini zokugcina. Uma zingahlanzwa ngezindlela zamakhemikhali, khona-ke ukuthambisa okuvela emachibini nasezimbizeni kuvunyelwe. Ezinye izingosi zitholakala eduze komfula noma omunye umzimba wamanzi, futhi abalimi bayazisebenzisa ukunisela umhlaba wazo. Ngokuya ngokuthi amanzi avelaphi, bese ukhetha ipompo yengadi.
Izakhamizi zasehlobo zakha nemithombo lapho ukunisela kungenziwa khona. Kulolu hlobo lokukhiqizwa kwamanzi, kungcono ukuthenga iphampu. Lokhu kuzosiza inqubo yonke.
Ngabe amaphampu engadi kufanele abe njani?
Wonke amaphampu enzelwe ukupompa amanzi. Ezinye zisetshenziselwa ukunikezwa okuqhubekayo koketshezi (ukunikezwa kwamanzi endlini), kanti ezinye kusetshenziselwa isikhashana - ukunisela ingadi. Lapho ukhetha iyunithi, kubalulekile ukuba unake hhayi kuphela ukuthandwa komkhiqizo, kodwa futhi namandla wephampu, ukuba khona emakethe yezingxenye ezingabuyiselwa kukho, nemithetho yokusebenza.
Idivaysi yokunisela kufanele ibe icompact ngangokunokwenzeka, incane ngosayizi nesisindo. Uma kunesidingo, ingahanjiswa kalula ukusuka endaweni kuya kwenye. Akufanele kube nzima ukufaka, ukufaka nokusebenza. Uma inqubo yokunisela izothuthukiswa, khona-ke amaphampu engadi angcono ukukhetha efakwe ngoshintsho lokucindezela, i-pressure gauge ne-hydraulic accumulator. Lezi zinto zivumela iyunithi ukuthi isebenze ngemodi ephezulu ngaphandle kokubamba iqhaza kwamabutho abantu.
Izinhlobo zamaphampu zokunisela ezivela emthonjeni, izinzuzo nezinzuzo zazo
Amapayipi wokunisela ingadi emthonjeni afakwa ngaphezulu noma afakwa emthonjeni. Bahluka kanjani?
Ingaphezulu lingaba egumbini elincane eliseduze komthombo. Ngale ndlela, kusetshenziswa i-hose - umphetho owodwa, oxhumeke epompini, bese omunye uthululwa ungene emanzini. Futhi, le yunithi ifakiwe ebusweni boketshezi lomthombo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, yakha iflothi elizogcina ipompo lisondele emanzini.
Amayunithi aphezulu angabizi. Ukuthandwa kwabo kuphakeme kakhulu ngenxa yokuthi kulula ukuyisebenzisa, ukuyigcina nokuyifaka. Into esemqoka ukuyifaka endaweni enjoloba enophahla. Ukujula kokupompa akudluli amamitha ayishumi. Ingcindezi ikuvumela ukuthi unciphise ukusakaza ebangeni elingamamitha angama-30 kuye kwangama-50. Lokhu kusebenza okuphezulu okuvumela ukuthi umboze indawo enkulu yensimu. Kepha amaphampu angaphezulu ane-drawback eyodwa - enza umsindo omkhulu kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, zifakwa emgodini noma kwezinye izinto ezakhiwayo futhi zifakwe emabeleni enjoloba.
Ukukhethwa kwamayunithi angaphansi komhlaba kubanzi kakhulu. Zenziwe ngezinto ezingavikeleki ngamanzi, zingaphonswa zingene emanzini nganoma yikuphi ukujula. Into esemqoka ayisho ngaphansi kwamitha elilodwa ukusuka phansi komthombo. Uma lo mthetho unganakwa, ikhwalithi yokuhlinzekwa kwamanzi izokonakala ngenxa yokufakwa kwesihlabathi nokuthunga ku-hose. Amathuluzi ajulile abongwa ngokucindezela okuhle koketshezi lwamanzi, futhi alivezi umswakama.
Kepha iphampu ye-Downhole nayo inezinhlangothi zayo ezingezinhle. Ukufakwa nokugcinwa kwabo kufanele kwenziwe kuphela ngochwepheshe. Futhi, insiza ayibizi, futhi idinga izimo ezithile zokugcina ebusika.
Amaphampu we-barrel wokunisela engadini
Ngokuya ngezinketho zezitshalo zokunisela, khona-ke amaphampu emgqomo wokunisela ingadi yiwo afanele kunazo zonke. Izihlahla ezihlaxayo nezihlahla, imifino idinga uketshezi oluhleliwe nolushisayo. Ukunisela ngamanzi abandayo (ngokwesibonelo, kusuka emthonjeni) kungaholela ekubolweni kwesitshalo futhi kunciphise ukukhula kwaso. Ngakho-ke, ezivandeni zakha amachibi okugcoba namachibi. Ngokumpompa amanzi kubo kuya kwisiza usebenzisa amaphampu emgqomo.
Yini elungele iphampu enjalo:
- okokuqala, inezinto zalapho efakwe kuzo odongeni lwezidumbu zamanzi;
- okwesibili, iphampu incane ngosayizi nesisindo, okwenza kube lula futhi kube lula ukuyithwala izungeze indawo;
- okwesithathu, insiza yokunisela inezinga lomfutho ophakeme: kusuka kumamitha angama-20 kuye kwangama-25;
- Okwesine, ukukhiqizwa kwamanzi kuze kufike kumalitha angama-3000;
- Okwesihlanu, i-automation yunithi, ngenxa yesistimu enjalo, ungakhetha imodi yokunisela efanelekayo;
- okwesithupha, ukuba khona kwesihlungi esivumela ukupompa noma uketshezi olungalungiswa, noma izixazululo zomanyolo;
- okwesikhombisa, izindleko zephampu ziphansi;
- wesishiyagalombili, umsindo ophansi.
Phakathi kwezakhamizi zasehlobo nabalimi bezingadi, amaphampu emigqomo yezinkundla ezimbili yokunisela ingadi athandwa kakhulu. Bahlala isikhathi eside ekusebenzeni.
Amapayipi wamanzi wokunisela engadini
Amapayiphu okuhambisa amanzi ngokunisela ingadi asetshenziselwa ukupompa amanzi angcolile kakhulu: ngokwesibonelo, kusuka emizimbeni yemvelo yamanzi - amachibi noma imifula. Amadivaysi anjalo awesabi udoti. Amaphampu ahlanganiswe nama-shredders angakwazi ukuphatha amaqabunga noma iminyuzi. Iyunithi lokudonsa amanzi yisisombululo esifanele samachibi ahlanganisiwe. Umpheki usika utshani, asike izingcezu ezincane abonise ndawonye ngamanzi. Lokhu kuvumela inhlabathi ukuthi ithole umanyolo owengeziwe wezimbiwa. Ezinye izinhlobo zamaphampu ngeke zikwazi ukusebenza ngamanzi angcolile, ngoba azohlala evala, futhi ngenxa yalokho azolungiswa.
