Abafuyi banikeza izinhlobo eziningi ze-cherry ezithandwayo eRussia. Phakathi kokuphawuleka kukhona ama-Shokoladnitsa cherries, incazelo yezinhlobonhlobo, amandla ayo nezimpawu ezizosiza umlimi ukuthola umbono wesiko futhi enze ukukhetha okulungile kwezitshalo zokukhulisa uzungu lwazo.
Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokhetho lwasekhaya zatholakala ngochwepheshe be-All-Russian Research Institute for the Selection of Fruit Crops based on Cherbotrebny Cherny Cherny and Lyubskaya. Lapho kudalwa ama-Cherry Shokoladnitsa cherves aboniswe esithombeni, iqembu lababhali bososayensi labona inhloso yokuthola izinhlobo ezikhiqiza isivikela ezingalawuleki ngezihlahla ezinobukhulu nobukhulu. Ngasikhathi sinye, izithelo ezivuthwa kuzo kufanele zibukeke futhi zibe nokunambitheka okumnandi kophudingi.
Umsebenzi wabafuyi be-Oryol A.F. I-Kolesnikova, M.V. UMikheeva noT .A. I-Trofimov yaqedwa, kwathi ngonyaka we-1996 kwafakwa izinhlobo ezintsha kuRejista Yezwe, yaphinde yanconyelwa ukulinyelwa esifundeni esiPhakathi kweRussia.
Izimpawu nezimpawu zangaphandle zama-Chocolate ahlukahlukene
Izihlahla zabantu abadala ze-Shokoladnitsa zinokuphakama okungekho ngaphezu kwamamitha ayi-2,5. Umqhele, obunjwe njengophiramidi oguqulwe phansi, unobunobukhulu obuphakathi nosayizi. Ngenxa yalezi zimpawu, ngisho namagatsha agobile ngaphansi kwesivuno esiningi awawi ezingeni lomhlabathi, okuthi:
- kunciphisa ingozi yokwanda kwezifo zokukhunta kanye namagciwane;
- kunciphisa ukutholakala kwezithelo namahlamvu wezithelo zezinambuzane;
- kusiza ukuvuna amajikijolo avuthiwe.
Amagatsha esiqu kanye namathambo omthi ambozwe ngotshani, kwesinye isikhathi amagxolo aluhlaza. Amahlumela amancanyana, angakabi namabhande ane-tint eluhlaza okotshani. Amaqabunga aqhamuka ku-cone-shape, acindezelwe ngokuqinile kumagatsha ezinso aze afike ku-4 mm ubude. Ipuleti leshidi lamakherubi eShokoladnitsa linesimo esiseduze kwe-oval, ekhombe ezansi nasekupheleni. Imiphetho igijinyiwe. Emagqabheni, i-central vein ibonakala kahle, iphenduka ibe isiqu esiqinile esingu-1.5-2 cm ngombala obomvu obonakalayo phansi. Ingxenye engezansi eshidi ilula kunangaphambili ingaphambili layo.
Ngokusho kwencazelo ye-Shokoladnitsa cherry ehlukahlukene, izihlahla ziyaqhakaza ndawonye kusukela ngoMeyi 15 kuya ku-Meyi 18. Izimbali ezimahle zikhulu kunokujwayelekile. Kwi-inflorescence eyodwa, njengomthetho, kunezimbali ezintathu ezintambisweni ezibomvu eziluhlaza okotshani ezifika ku-35-40 mm ubude. Ububanzi be-corolla buyi-15-18 mm. Ama-petals amhlophe, akhiwe ngokukhululeka ezizungeze i-ovary esizayo.
Izimbali zivakashelwa kalula yizinambuzane ezivumbuluka.
Abalimi abafisa ukufeza isivuno esikhulu kufanele banake ukuthi izinhlobo ze-Shokoladnitsa cherry ziyazenzela, okusho ukuthi, ukwakheka kwe-ovary kwenzeka noma ngabe kunesihlahla esisodwa sodwa salokhu okuhlukahlukene esizeni.
Lokhu inzuzo ebaluleke kakhulu, kepha abalimi abanolwazi bathanda ukudlala ngokuphepha futhi bangakhawuleli ekukhetheni kwabo intombazane e-Chocolate kuphela. Njenge-pollinator eyengeziwe yesitshalo, ama-cherries ezinhlobo zeVladimirskaya, iLyubskaya, i-Studentkaya, iTurgenevskaya atshalwe eduzane. Lezi zinhlobonhlobo ngokwazo zikufanele ukunakwa ngabanikazi beziza zomuntu, futhi zizonikeza isivuno esithe xaxa e-Chocolate House.
Ngaphansi kwezimo zezulu ezinhle, ukuvuna emendweni ophakathi kuqala ngesonto lesibili likaJulayi. Izihlahla ezineminyaka emine zingena ngenkathi yezithelo; iminyaka ephezulu yezitshalo ezithwala kahle iyiminyaka engu-15 kuya ku-15.
Ama-cherries avuthiwe wezinhlobonhlobo zeShokoladnitsa, njengasesithombeni, anombumbano ovumelanayo ocishe ube yindilinga kanye nophawu maroon, cishe umbala omnyama. Ama-berry aphakathi nendawo anokuphakama okungama-16,5-17 mm, ububanzi obuyi-19 mm, nobukhulu obungu-17 mm. Isisindo sisukela ku-3,5 kuye ku-4 amagremu. I-pulp iminyene, ibomvu okumnyama, ibomvu. Kuphela yi-8-10% yesisindo se-fetus egcwala kalula ngemuva kwe-pulp, ithambo eliyindilinga lombala ophuzi.
Uma uchaza ama-Shokoladnitsa cherries, kuvezwa ukuthi izithelo ezivuthiwe ziqongelela ushukela ofinyelela ku-12,4% futhi ziqukethe ama-asidi ayi-1,6% kuphela. Lokhu kunikeza amajikijolo ngokunambitheka okuhle, eduze nokunambitheka okumnandi, okulinganiswe ngama-tasters ochwepheshe kumaphuzu angu-3.8-4. Ezimweni zokutshala ingadi yezimboni, ama-cherries e-Shokoladnitsa ahlukahlukene avela kumahektha ayi-77-97 amasentimitha amajikijolo.
Umlimi angathola cishe ama-15 kg wemikhiqizo yamavithamini esihlahleni esisodwa ngokunakekelwa okufanele nendawo efanelekile yokutshala.
Ukutshala nokunakekela ama-cherries
Ama-Cherry nezinye izithelo zamatshe awazithandi kakhulu i-acidic, aminyene ngokweqile, aqongelela umswakama omningi womhlaba. Izinhlobonhlobo ze-Shokoladnitsa cher, ngokusho kwencazelo futhi osuthole isipiliyoni ngokwanda, akuyona into ehlukile. Ngakho-ke, njengokutshala, khetha izindawo eziphakeme:
- ngomhlabathi okhanyayo ongatheni, lapho kusetshenziswa khona umanyolo wamaminerali nowokuphilayo ngaphambi kokutshala isivuno, futhi uma kunesidingo, sinqandwe;
- ngokuvikelwa umoya obandayo, kepha uvulekele ngokuphelele elangeni;
- enamanzi angaphansi komhlaba angatholakali edlula amamitha elilodwa nesigamu ukusuka ebusweni.
Ukwenza lula ukuhanjiswa kanye nokunakekelwa kwe-Shokoladnitsa cherry, ukutshala kwenziwa ngo-Ephreli, ngaphambi kokuvuthwa kwamahlamvu, noma ngoSepthemba, lapho kusafudumele futhi nomuthi unesikhathi sokujwayela indawo entsha. Izithombo ezinonyaka owodwa ubudala eziphakeme ngamamitha ayi-1 kuya kwayi-1.5 zikulungele ukutshala, zinezimpande ezithuthukisiwe ezingafika ku-20-30 cm ubude nesiqu esinezinyoni ezinobukhulu obungama-10-15 mm.
Ukufakelwa indawo kujwayelekile. Kulungiselelwe izihlahla ezincane ngamasentimitha ububanzi kanye nokujula okungaba ngu-70 cm. Inhlabathi ixubene nomanyolo we-potash, phosphorus kanye ne-nitrogen. Uma kusetshenziswa izinto eziphilayo, kungcono ukuthatha umanyolo obolile kahle ongakwazi ukushisa uhlelo lwezimpande olubucayi lwamakhherubi.
Lapho ucwiliswa emgodini, kubalulekile ukuthi ungagxili entanjeni yezimpande. Ukusekelwa okuthembekile kuhlinzekwa yisithombo ngasinye. Ngemuva kokubuyiselwa emuva, inhlabathi iyahlanganiswa, iniselwe futhi ifafazwe nge-mulch ye-organic.
Ukuze ugweme ukukhula ngokweqile kanye nokuqina komqhele wama-cherries, izinhlobonhlobo ze-Chocolate, njengasesithombeni, kufanele zinqunywe. Kulula kakhulu ukwenza lokhu entwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuvela kwamaqabunga okuqala. Izihlahla zingaphansi kokudutshulwa okudala, okubuthakathaka ngezibonakaliso zezifo kanye nokulimala kwezinambuzane.
Kubhekelwa ikakhulukazi izimpawu zokutheleleka nge-moniliosis ne coc cocycosis, lapho lolu hlaka lwe-cherry lungenakugomela khona.
Ngenhloso efanayo, izihlahla zihlanganiswa nokwelashwa kokutshala nge-fungicides ehlelekile noma uketshezi lweBordeaux. Ukufafaza okuphindaphindwayo ngamakhemikhali kwenziwa engxenyeni yesibili yezimbali.
Ukunakekelwa koshokho kuhlanganisa nokunisela izihlahla nokuzondla. Yize izitshalo zihlukaniswa njengokubekezelela isomiso, ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza nokuvuthwa kwamajikijolo, umswakama wama cherries ubaluleke kakhulu. Lapho unisela, umuthi owodwa kufanele ube okungenani namabhakede ama-3-5 wamanzi afudumele agcinwe kahle.
Ekwindla, kunezelwa izithasiselo ze-potassium ne-phosphorus ngaphansi kwezihlahla zezihlahla zezithelo, ezintabeni zasentwasahlobo zidinga "ukudla" kokukhula okusebenzayo, ngakho-ke zondliwa ngamakhompiyutha aqukethe i-nitrogen. Uma ukutshala nokunakekela kwamaShokoladnitsa cherries kwenziwa kahle, unyaka wokuqala wokuphila izitshalo zinikeza ukwanda okuqhubekayo, futhi ngonyaka wesine ziqala ukuthela izithelo.
