Ungasusa kanjani izintuthwane esizeni?

Izintuthwane ngokukhuthala kwazo zifanelwe inhlonipho, kepha futhi kuyazivimbela ekukhiqizeni futhi ziphile buthule. Ukuze umuntu omdala osebenzayo ondle izihlobo zakhe (intuthane esebenza) uphoqelekile (ukubeka izakhi zofuzo) ukusesha nokuletha ukudla ekhaya imini nobusuku. Kukulesi sici lapho kwakhiwa khona imodeli yokuqothulwa kwezintuthwane.

Sebenza ekubhujisweni kwezintuthwane kumele kwenziwe ngendlela enzima kusuka ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo kuya kwisithwathwa, kwesinye isikhathi kuthathe ngisho nobumnyama. Izindlela ezivame kakhulu:

imisebenzi yezolimo,
ukucekelwa phansi kwezinambuzane
izindlela zabantu.

Intuthwane yengadi emnyama, noma i-lasia emnyama (iLasius niger). © Sam Fabian

Imicimbi ye-Agrotechnical

Kungaba okungajwayelekile okuncane, kepha inani lamakoloni lizokwehla kakhulu uma ubhubhisa ama-aphid. Ngendlela, awudingi ukuqeda ngokuphelele izintuthwane. Endaweni yabo kuzoza izinambuzane ezintsha, ezivumelaniswa nezimo. Ama-aphid - "umhlambi" oyinhloko ohlinzeka "ubisi olumnandi" - uwa izibungu zokudla okuntekenteke kwezintuthwane.

Funda imininingwane enemininingwane kwiwebhusayithi yethu: Ama-aphid. Ungabhekana kanjani nalesi sikhwanyana esibi kakhulu?

Ukuvuthwa kweqanda kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-35, izibungu - izinsuku eziyi-7 ne-pupae - izinsuku ezingama-23. Izibungu zinesikhathi sokuphila sezinsuku eziyi-7 futhi zidlulela esigabeni sesithwathwa, eseyeka ukudla. Lezi zinsuku eziyisikhombisa ziyisixhumanisi esibuthakathaka kunazo zonke koloni lwezintuthwane. Banikeza izibungu ukudla ngokuzikhandla. Uma izibungu zinobuthi ngalesi sikhathi, ikoloni lingase lingaphindi lisebenze.

Ngakho-ke, ngokususa ngempumelelo izintuthwane esizeni, ungenza izinqubo ezilandelayo ngamakholoni amakhulu:

Ekwindla sekwephuzile nasentwasahlobo yokuqala amabheshu amhlophe kanye namagatsha wamathambo wezilimo zezimbali enesixazululo esikhulu se-lime esisanda kufakwa ngokufakwa kwanoma iyiphi into enobuthi. Ngale ndlela, uzobhubhisa izintuthwane ezihudula imithwalo yakho eyigugu kusuka ezihlahleni iye e-anthill ebusika.

Eduze kwamabhushi, ehlehla esuka esisekelweni, akhale fafaza umlotha obukhulu, ungahlanganiswa ne-lime. Ukuchithwa kwezintuthwane kunobuthi.

Cishe maphakathi nesiqu (40-80 cm) bopha amabhande okuzingela, ebaphatha ngama-insecticidal agents. Ukuvimbela izintuthwane ukuthi zingakhubeki ngaphezulu kwesithiyo, gcoba indawo ezungeze umngcele ngeglue ekhethekile yokucima ukoma kancane (thenga esitolo). Ngeke bakwazi ukunqoba umgoqo weglue futhi uzoshabalala kanye nomthwalo othandekayo. Amabhande okuzingela angasetshenziswa enkathini yasentwasahlobo-ehlobo (ngo-Okthoba nango-Mashi), ngezikhathi ezithile uwafaka amanye amasha.

Ngasikhathi sinye ngamabhande okuzingela izinsuku eziyisishiyagalombili ezilandelanayo, bemba ikolishi lezintuthwane lijule ku-3-8 cm, balifaka kusihlwa (lapho izintuthwane zibuyela ekhaya), zithululela izindatshana ezibilisiwe ngamanzi abilayo abilayo, kungcono hot umhluzi utamatisi eziqongweni (abilayo ngokweqiniso).

Ungayimba bese uyigcwalisa ngenhlanganisela umlotha kanye no-lime noma umlotha nosawoti, noma uphathwe ngenhlanganisela yomlotha kanye nesoda.

Umphumela omuhle uyatholakala uma ugcwalisa i-anthill ingxube yamanzi neparafini (100-200 ml nge-10 wamalitha wamanzi), ukumba ngokujulile.

Izinsikazi ezinkulu ezinamaphiko nezinsikazi zentuthwane engadini emnyama. © Martyn King

Ukwelashwa nsuku zonke kwezinsuku eziyi-8 kuzokuvumela ukuthi uchithe izibungu, okuyingxenye yezintuthwane zabantu abadala, mhlawumbe "indlovukazi", amaqanda, i-pupae. Ukwelashwa okunjalo kumele kwenziwe ngokuhlelekile unyaka wonke, kanti izintuthwane zizoshiya ikheji elingangeneki. Izintuthwane zithanda ukuthula futhi zihlala ezindaweni lapho inhlabathi ingabekwa phansi njalo, okusho ukuthi, azimbiwa, amatshe, ukhula, njll. Uma ulima ngaphandle kokumba, khona-ke ukuphathwa komhlaba ungqimba lomhlabathi olungaphezulu kuka-10 cm kuyadingeka. Bheka ngaphansi kwetshe noma amakhadibhodi ahlala isikhathi eside, ibhodi futhi uzobona isixuku samaqanda ezintuthwane enamantongomane ebusweni bomhlaba.

Ukutshala emngceleni we-dacha, imibhede ngayinye, ngaphansi komqhele wezihlahla, futhi ikakhulukazi, phakathi kwezihlahla ezihlabayo zama-tansy, iparsley, iminti, i-valerian, umhlonyane, i-lavender kanye negalikhi kungasebenza njengezinyathelo zokulwa nezinyathelo zokulwa nokulwa nentuthwane.

Kusuka kokuhlangenwe nakho kwakho: i-garlic emigqeni yama-sitrobheli / ama-sitrobheli kanye naphakathi kwezhlahla zama-berry ezigciniwe izindawo ze-berry kusuka ezintuthwaneni ngasikhathi sinye ezifweni ezithile zokukhunta.

Imbovane engadini emnyama nezinsini. © Martin Urban

Izindlela zamakhemikhali Zokulwa Kwezintuthwane

Umnikazi ngamunye wesakhiwo esiyimfihlo ufuna ukuthola imikhiqizo enobungani bemvelo. Ngakho-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali ezweni kuyinto engathandeki. Kepha esimweni sesicelo, kuyadingeka ukuthi ulandele ngokunembile izincomo zokucubungula izitshalo nesikhathi sokulinda lapho umuthi udambisa futhi ungabutheli ezitshalweni.

Kumakhemikhali, i-diazinon isebenza kahle kakhulu. Isinambuzane esisebenzayo eqenjini le-organophosphorus. Ingena ngezimpande futhi ishiya kanye nezakhi ezingene kwisitshalo isikhathi esithile (okungenani izinsuku ezingama-30) bese iba yingozi ezinambuzaneni nakubantu. Ukuletha ukudla okunobuthi, izintuthwane ezinakekelayo ngeke zizimele izibungu ezinobungozi nje kuphela, kodwa namanye amaqembu wezintuthwane (amaqhawe, abalindi, izindunduma, njll.).

Amakhemikhali emizi ngesisekelo se-diazinon athuthukisa izidakamizwa "Anteater" no "Muratsid", nezinye izidakamizwa eziningi. Zitholakala ngesimo sesixazululo namakhambi, iMuratsid ihlangene nethiythi yokudla. Lezi zingcuphe zesenzo se-neuroparalytic. Ukulungiselela kusebenza inhlabathi ngesikhathi sokutshala noma sokutshala izithombo. Ngenkathi efudumele, ungqimba oluphezulu lwethala luyasuswa bese amahlukuzo ezitho zentuthwane elashwa. Amalungiselelo alula kakhulu ukuwasebenzisa, ungaqongeleli ngohlobo lwezinsalela ezinobuthi emhlabathini futhi ungajikelezi endaweni ezungezile. Njengoba amalungiselelo enobuthi, ukuphathwa kwengadi kanye nensimu kwenziwa ngezingubo ezivikelayo, kubhekwa zonke izindlela zokugcina impilo kanye nokuvikela izilwane nezinyoni ekuphathweni kwenhlabathi. Ukusebenza ngokubulala izinambuzane kumele kube ngokuqinile ngokuya ngezincomo.

Amakhambi esintu alwa nezintuthwane

Izintuthwane zinezithiyo ezi-2: azazi ukuthi zinganqoba kanjani izithiyo zamanzi futhi zihambele kude nezinto ezinemiphetho ebukhali.

Abalimi abanolwazi bazungeze isihlahla simi isithiyo samanzi kusuka kuma-halves amathayi. Zinqume zibe ngama-halves amabili bese endaweni eyodwa ngaphesheya. Bayayifaka, beshiya uthayi ongu-3-5 cm ngaphezulu komhlabathi. Faka uphawu esigabeni sesiphambano bese ugcwalisa ngamanzi, kungenzeka ngefrijini, nge-decoction yeziqongo nezinye izithako. Izintuthwane ngeke zingene esihlahleni, okusho ukuthi zizolahlekelwa ukudla bese zihamba.

Eduze kwesiqu sesihlahla ukuphakama okungama-30- 40 cm kusuka ku-foil wenze isiketi esinemiphetho ebukhali engabonakali. Izinto ezibukhali izintuthwane ziyasaba. Zibhekise emaphethelweni abukhali, ziyaqhekeka futhi zingangeni emikhakheni e-aphid ezitshalweni zasensimini. Vele, lezi zindlela akuyona i-panacea, kepha zisiza ukunciphisa inani le-anthill engadini. Ngaso leso sikhathi, balwa ne-aphid (edingekayo). Ama-aphid azohamba, izintuthwane nazo zizohamba.

Izintuthwane zithanda ukuthula, ngakho zihlala zishiya izindawo ezephula umhlaba wazo wangaphakathi. Lokhu kusetshenziswa izakhamizi zasehlobo. Ukumba ngonyaka kwenhlabathi ngokwethulwa kwezinto ezingemnandi ku-anthill, bayaxoshwa esizeni.

Ingadi kanye nezintuthwane ezifuywayo ziphikisana nabazalwane basehlathini. Ehlathini, thola inqwaba yezintuthwane bese ubeka esikhwameni esiminyene ungqimba ongaphezulu womhlaba ngezintuthwane zabantu abadala, bese ekhaya uzifafaza ku-anthill yengadi. Izintuthwane zegadi zizolahlekelwa yimpi bese zishiya isiza, kuyilapho izintuthwane zehlathi ngokwazo zizozama ukubuyela ehlathini emavikini angama-1-2 (kunoma yikuphi, ngaphandle kwe-cottage).

Kweminye imishanguzo yabantu, abalimi nabalimi bancoma izinhlobonhlobo zamakhambi kanye nezingoma. Ukwamukelwa okuthokozisayo kwaphakanyiswa omunye wabalimi. Ebhakede lamanzi ayi-10 engeza ilitha eli-1 leviniga yetafula kanye nezinkomishi ezi-2 ze-shampoo kanye namafutha zemifino. Enkabeni ye-anthill, yenza umgodi ujule ngesigxobo bese ushaya ingxube ehlanganiswe kahle ngesibhamu sokufafaza ungene emgodini. Mboza yonke i-anthillion ngefilimu emnyama noma enye i-opaque. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa, ezinye izintuthwane zizokufa, bese ezinye ziphuma esizeni. Le ndlela izosebenza kangcono uma i-anthill ingekho maphakathi nendawo, kepha eduze nomphetho. Izintuthwane ezisindayo zidlulela ngalé kwayo, hhayi kwenye indawo engadini.

Omakhelwane bezwe babuthane bekhubazekile imicibisholo ephuma kugalikhi, yabathambisa ukuqinisa iphunga kanti abanye baphikelela emanzini. Ngemuva kwalokho izithangami eziningana eziphazamisekile zazithululelwa nekhambi, futhi eziningana zaphonswa ngemicibisholo ecijile. Izintuthwane zihambile, kepha akwaziwa kude kangakanani. Mhlawumbe nje siye endaweni entsha engadini, noma mhlawumbe bashiye isiza.

Sengifunde imikhuba yezintuthwane, ukwakheka kwezindawo zazo, ukunqoba "isitha" nokuqothula izintuthwane akukho nzima. Kodwa ukuze zingabuyi, izindlela zokuvimbela kumele zithathwe njalo. Bavela kuyo yonke indawo, futhi akunakwenzeka ukuqeda izintuthwane unomphela ngamacebo wesikhathi esisodwa.