I-Howia njengenhlobo ifaka izitshalo ezimbili kuphela ezingeka-areca noma zomndeni wesundu, zitshalwa ngokuphumelelayo ekhaya, yize ukunakekela kwazo kuyinkimbinkimbi.
Izinhlobo zeHowia
Howe Belmoreobizwa nangokuthi Kentia Belmora, kuvame ukutholakala emagqumeni nasezihlabathini zama-coral zesifunda esisogwini lwesiqhingi se-Lord Howe.
Izici ezihlukile ziyisiqu, esifinyelela kumamitha ayi-6 kuye kwayi-10 ukuphakama, nesandiso esenziwe njalo ngonyaka. I-Cirrus ishiya ifinyelela kumamitha ayi-2-4 ubude ngobude obune-arched. Amahlamvu aluhlaza ezinhlangothini zombili nge-vein eqondile ephakathi, afinyelela ku-40-60 cm ubude nama-2-2,5 cm ububanzi, asendaweni emaceleni ama-rachis.
I-petiole emfishane kakhulu efinyelela ku-25-35 cm ubude. Ama-inflorescences aqondiswe phansi, alula, angalawulwa kusuka ku-0.6 kuya ku-1,3 m ubude.
U-Howea Forster obizwa nangokuthi Kentia Forster noma Deneya Forster ine-eqondile, kepha hhayi eyandisiwe ngaphansi kwesiqu sesiqu, ifinyelela kumamitha ayi-9 kuye kwayi-12 ukuphakama. Ukuhlelwa kwamaqabunga kuvundlile kubangeni elingama-2 cm ukusuka komunye nomunye ezinhlangothini zombili ze-rachis, ngombala oluhlaza okotshani namachashazi amancane ohlangothini olungezansi. I-Petiole enganqanyuliwe engagxilile kusuka kumamitha ayi-1.5 Ama-drooping inflorescence ahlanganisiwe afinyelela kumitha eyi-1 ubude.
Lezi zinhlobo ezimbili zingatshalwa ekhaya, kepha lesi sitshalo ngeke sifinyelele kumamitha amabili ukuphakama.
Umuthi wesundu ukhula kancane futhi ngesiqu esisodwa, ngokubukeka okuhle, atshalwa amaningana esitsheni esisodwa.
Howe unakekela ekhaya
Lapho ushiya ekhaya, ukukhanya okuhlakazekile noma umthunzi oyingxenye emapayipini angama-40-60% okukhanya kwelanga kuzoba okulungile kulesitshalo, ukukhanya kwelanga okuqondile kusukela ngo-Ephreli kuya ku-Agasti akwemukeleki. Ukuze ulondoloze ukufana kwesitshalo, kudingeka ukujikeleza imbiza kube ngama-degree angama-180 njalo emavikini amabili. Ngokukhanya ngokweqile ehlobo, kungavela amabala ophuzi ninsundu. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele zokukhanyisa, i-hovea inamaqabunga angama-9 ukuya ku-12, ukukhanya okhanyayo kuphela okungu-4-6.
Ukushisa okuphezulu kungumkhawulo wama-degree angama-20 kuye kwangama-25, kepha i-hom kaBelmor nayo izizwa ijwayelekile ngamadigri ayi-16, kanti i-Forester hove kuma-degree angama-10, ingamelana nokwehla kwezinga lokushisa kwesikhashana kwama-degree angu-4, kepha lokhu kungathandeki kakhulu.
Uma izinga lokushisa lomoya lifinyelela kumadigri angama-25, hlinzeka intende ngomswakama omkhulu, ngaphandle kwalokho isitshalo siphulukana nokubukeka kwako kokuhlobisa ngenxa yokumiswa kwamaqabunga.
Ukusuka ngo-Ephreli kuya ku-Agasti, imvamisa yokunisela kufanele yenziwe ngaphandle kokomisa ukoma lodaka, ukugcina inhlabathi imanzi, kepha akukho esimweni esingenamanzi. Esikhathini sokwindla sasebusika, imvamisa yokunisela iyancishiswa futhi ukomiswa okulula kwe-coma yobumba kuvunyelwe. Ngomswakama owedlulele, amathiphu amaqabunga aqala ukuphenduka aphuzi noma abe mnyama.
Umswakama ophakeme uzokwanela iHovea, kepha umswakama olinganiselayo nawo uyamukeleka. Ehlobo, lesi sitshalo sithanda ukufafaza ngamanzi emvula noma aminyene.
Ungayifaka kanjani iHowe ekhaya
Uhlelo lwezimpande lweHowia lubuthakathaka impela, ngenxa yalesi sizathu idinga ukuphathwa ngokucophelela. Isikhathi esifanele sokufakelwa izinto ngo-Ephreli. Lesi sitshalo, njengazo zonke izilimo zesundu, sinconywa ukuthi sithathelwe indawo ngenkathi kugcinwa inqwaba yobumba lapho uhlelo lwezimpande lugcwalisa wonke imbiza. Izitshalo ezincane zitshalwa minyaka yonke, nezinhlobo zabantu abadala kanye njalo eminyakeni emithathu. Ukuze uvumelane nesitshalo esitsheni esisha, kuyadingeka ukusika ingxenye yesendlalelo esizwayo ngommese obukhali.
Akunjalo, ungangcwabi intende lapho uyifaka noma uyifaka, gcina inhlabathi yenhlabathi owawunayo ebhodweni elidala. Elinye lamaphutha ajwayelekile abalimi abenzayo ukukhetha usayizi wezitsha; akwamukeleki ukutshala ikhophi elincane ezitsheni ezinkulu. Ngokufakelwa okungakhathalekile, inqwaba yodaka ingahle ihlehle bese uhlelo lwempande luveziwe; uma lokhu kwenzeka, susa ingxenye yamaqabunga ukuze unciphise ukuhwamuka.
Ukuhlanza isitshalo othulini, sinikeze iswidi elipholile esimweni sezulu esifudumele nesifudumele sonyaka wehlobo, noma usule amaqabunga ngesipanji esimanzi, ubambe iqabunga elingaphansi kwentende yesandla sakho.
Inhlabathi ivundiswa ngomanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi olinganiselayo ku-N-P-K = 18-18-18. Ukushoda kwe-potassium ne-magnesium kubonwa kubantu abasha abadala abangaphezulu kweminyaka eyi-10. Ukugqoka okuphezulu kwenziwa kanye njalo emavikini amabili ukusuka ngo-Ephreli kuya ku-Agasti, kusetshenziswa umanyolo wezitshalo zasendlini. Ukugqoka phezulu kwe-Foliar kuyadingeka futhi ngenkathi yokukhula, njalo ngenyanga.
Ukuthena kwe-Kentia
Lapho uthamba, kufanele uqaphele ukuthi ungalimazi isiqu sesihlahla sesundu, futhi ungasusa amaqabunga amaningi kunalawo akhula phakathi nonyaka.
U-Howe angenza ngezinga elincane lokuthena, empeleni ukususwa kwamaqabunga aqhekekile futhi afile. Ukunakekela isiqu, ukusikwa kufanele kwenziwe kude ne-1.5-2 cm.Kusendaweni yesimo sezulu esomile, amathiphu amaqabunga angaphuma, ungasika ingxenye yawo eyomile.
Ukusakazwa kwembewu ye-Howea
Imbewu ye-Howea ihlwanyelwa kahle ngokushesha nje ngemuva kokuqoqa noma ukuthenga kwazo, njengoba zilahlekelwa ngokushesha amandla azo okuzala, acishe abe yi-10% njalo ngenyanga. Impilo yamashalofu yembewu ye-Howea ingunyaka owodwa nohhafu. Imbewu emisha inesilinganiso sokuhluma esingaba ngu-50%, akufanele ubambezele inqubo yokutshala. Ekhaya, kungcono ukusebenzisa isikhathi sentwasahlobo-sasehlobo sokutshala.
Yini edingekayo ekuhlwanyeleni imbewu ekhaya:
- izikhwama zepulasitiki;
- umthamo omncane, cishe ama-200 ml;
- imbewu, mhlawumbe emisha;
- ingxube yenhlabathi kumele yenziwe inzalo, eyenziwe ngezingxenye ezilinganayo ze-perlite, vermiculite ne sheet sheet;
- ifayela noma itshe elihlwabusayo;
Ngakho-ke, siqala ngokufaka ofaka imbewu emanzini izinsuku ezingama-5, emva kwalokho kuzosuswa ulwelwesi olunamafutha, uma lukhona. Lesi senzo sizosheshisa ukuhluma kwe-Howia yethu.
Isinyathelo esilandelayo ukucekela phansi igobolondo elinzima lembewu usebenzisa ifayili noma itshe elihlisayo.
Okulandelayo, sigcwalisa amathangi ethu ngenhlanganisela yenhlabathi, ngaphandle kokufaka i-15 mm emaphethelweni ezitsha, sizithulule. Ingxenye engene yembewu siyicindezela ingene enhlabathini, singayigcwalisi ngokuphelele.
Isenzo sokugcina kuzoba ukuqinisekisa umswakama oyi-100%, lokhu kungenziwa ngokusebenzisa isikhwama sepulasitiki ngokusifaka ezitsheni.
Izimo zokuhluma
- Umswakama oyi-100%;
- Ngaphandle kokomisa inhlabathi;
- Ukuhambisana nombuso wokushisa wama-degree angama-26-27;
- Ukudonswa kwembewu okuvame kube kanye ngosuku;
- Ukuhlinzeka ngokukhanya okuyingxenye komthunzi;
- Ukuhluma kwembewu kwenzeka kusuka ezinyangeni ezintathu kuya kweziyisithupha.
Ngemuva kokuthuthuka kwepheshana lokuqala esilingweni esifinyelela ku-2 cm cm, kuyadingeka ukunikeza ukufakelwa kusihlokwana sohlobo lwabantu abadala. Esikhathini esisuka ku-Ephreli kuya ku-Agasti, nikeza izithombo ukuvikela elangeni elangeni lokuqala lokuphila kwazo.
Ukusakazeka kwe-Howia ngokuhlukanisa isihlahla
Ukuthola isihlahla esivuthayo, lapho kukhula iHowia endaweni yezimboni, tshala kuze kufike kumakhophi ayi-15 endishini eyodwa. Isikhathi esifanele sokuhlala ngu-Ephreli - Meyi.
Yini edingekayo ukuze kwenziwe kabusha:
- Ingxube yenhlabathi, efanele inzalo, enezingxenye ezi-2 ze-humus yamaqabunga, 1 ingxenye yomhlaba wesod kanye nezingxenye ezi-2 ze-perlite.
- Isici esibalulekile sokuhlala ukukhethwa kwevolumu yezitsha. Kufanele kulingana nosayizi wohlelo lwezimpande lwesitshalo.
Isinyathelo sokuqala ukususa isihlahla esitsheni.
Bese ukhulula inhlabathi ngokunyakazisa ibhola lempande.
Bese kuthi phakathi kwezimpande sisuse inhlabathi ngemodi ebhukwayo.
Ukulungiselela sekuqediwe, manje kuyadingeka ukuhlukanisa izitshalo, ngaphandle kokulimaza izimpande futhi ungazivumeli ukuba zome.
Futhi ekugcineni, kuyadingeka ukutshala izihlukanisi ezitsheni ngenhlanganisela yenhlabathi ekhonjisiwe futhi unisele izitshalo ezitshaliwe.
Izimo ze-Rooting
- I-Rooting yenzeka ngokukhanya okugqamile noma emthunzini oyingxenye;
- Ngokuya ngaphansi kwezimo zokushisa ukusuka kuma-20 kuye kwangama-25 degrees;
- Kubalulekile futhi ukuqaphela umswakama womoya odingekayo okungenani ama-50%. Ukunisela kwenziwa kuphela emva substrate yezitshalo abasha eyomile 2 cm ngokujula. Ungakhohlwa ukuvikela izithombo zethu kokusalungiswa;
- Izitshalo ezincane zinezimpande esikhathini esingamaviki 1 kuya ku-2;
Nge-rooting ephumelelayo, kuyadingeka ukondla izitshalo ezintsha ezenziwe ngomanyolo, ngenxenye yokuhlushwa ephansi njengoba kunconyiwe, kumafilimu amakhulu.
Izifo kanye Nezinambuzane Zesi sifo
Ukubola okupinki, ukubonwa kwamaqabunga - Izitshalo ezinamanzi amdaka, noma lezo zitshalo ezonakaliswe izinambuzane, zithinteka ngalesi sifo.
- Izimpawu ipuleti lamaqabunga lilimele, amaqabunga amaqabunga asezingeni lawo, amahlumela amancanyana alinyazwa ngabola. Kwezinye izimo, isiqu sezimbali ezingama-rots. Amasuntswana we-spore a tint opinki ayabonakala, kanye noketshezi obukhulu onsundu.
- Izindlela zomzabalazo: kuyadingeka ukwelapha isitshalo ngama-fungicides aqukethe i-mancozeb ne-methyl thiofinate, ngokuphumula kokusebenza ngesonto ukuqeda ukutholwa kwesitshalo.
I-Foliage chlorosis, ikakhulukazi ephansi, ukukhula okubuthakathaka noma okungekho - imbangela yalesi sifo ingukukhanya okunganele, izinga lokushisa eliphansi. Ukuthuthukiswa kwezihlahla zesundu kuyema lapho izinga lokushisa lokuqukethwe lehla lifinyelela kuma-+18 degrees.
I-Chlorosis ngamaqabunga amancane-Izimbangela zalesi sifo zingakhuphuka yi-acidity enhlabathini, ukuntuleka kwezakhi zomzimba, ukuntuleka kwensimbi kanye ne-manganese kungenzeka ngesimo se-mesylchic chlorosis emaqabungeni amancane. Uma isimo siba sibi kakhulu, izicubu ze-chlorotic zamapheshana zithatha isimo sezindawo ezi-necrotic.
- Izindlela zomzabalazo: i-acidity yenhlabathi kumele ibuyiselwe emuva, ngokuhambisana nezincomo, kuyadingeka futhi ukwenza ukugqokisa okuphezulu kwembali.
Ukushiswa kweqabunga - xIzimvu zizwela kakhulu enhlabathini engagugi noma enobuthi. Ngalesi sizathu, ukushiswa kwamaqabunga okuvela emaceleni kungenzeka, ngokushesha okukhulu, ngemuva kokuqala komonakalo ohlelweni lwezimpande.
- Izindlela zomzabalazo: Ukubuyiselwa okuyingxenye noma okuphelele kwe-substrate ngokunciphiswa okufanayo kokuchelela kubalulekile.
I-chlorosis ephansi yeqabunga - okokuqala kuvela emaphethelweni epuleti leshidi ngokutheleleka okulandelayo kwalo lonke iphepha. Kuyinkinga evamile kahle ngenxa yokushoda kwe-magnesium.
- Izindlela zomzabalazo: Okokuqala, unake izinga lokushisa lesitshalo, izinga lokushisa eliphansi lingaba isizathu salokhu. Isenzo esilandelayo kuzoba ukugqoka okuphezulu okuphezulu nge-magnesium sulfate, futhi kubuye kufeze ukugqoka ngezimpande nge-magnesium sulfate efanayo.
Zife noma amathiphu ansundu wamaqabunga - Isizathu salokhu i-fluoride.
- Izindlela zomzabalazo: ukusetshenziswa kwezinto eziqukethe i-fluorine, ikakhulukazi i-superphosphate, kufanele kugwenywe lapho unakekela intende.
Ezimpaphe zamaqabunga ziyavela amabala we-ellipticalkufana nokubona amabala fungal amahlamvu - ithusi yimbangela yalesi sifo.
- Izindlela zomzabalazo: ukusetshenziswa kwama-fungicides aqukethe ithusi kufanele kugwenywe. Lapho usebenzisa umanyolo we-micronutrient ohlanganisiwe ngamanani anconyiwe, ukuhlushwa kwethusi akuyona inkinga engaba khona.
Kulezi zinambuzane, ama-hovey athinteka amacimbi, ama-mealybugs, izimbungulu ezidla amaqabunga, ama-aphid kanye nezibungu zesicabucabu. Ukuze ulwe nazo, sebenzisa izidakamizwa ezikhethekile.
