I-Adiantum idume ngokuthi i-fern yesikhathi eside. Igama lomndeni wama-Adiant laqhamuka kulwazimagama lwesiGreek futhi, ngokweqiniso, lisho ukuthi "hhayi emanzi." Isitshalo sithole leli gama ngenxa yezici ezithile zamaqabunga ukuze kuxoshwe amanzi. Ngakho-ke, lapho umswakama ungena eqabunga, amaconsi ayakhipha ngaphandle kokufaka amanzi ebusweni.
Le fern ikhula ikakhulukazi ngaphansi kwezimpophoma, osebeni lwemifula noma imifudlana egeleza ezindaweni ezinamadwala noma ezintabeni. Kungakho i-adiantum ivame kakhulu eCrimea, eCaucasus, eMelika, e-Asia nase-Afrika.
Ngokubukeka, isitshalo esinqunyelwe ukwakheka komhlaba esinama-rhizomes aqondile neziqu ezinwabuzelayo. Isiqu esingaphansi komhlaba se-adiantum simbozwe ngezikali ezinsundu, kuthi ngaphezulu komhlaba (okubhoshayo) kube namahlamvu e-cirrus. Emapheshana anjalo abukeka njengempaphe, anomumo wokulingana. Zihlukaniswa ngombala oluhlaza okotshani, kanti ama-petioles amaqabunga anombala onsundu futhi acwebezelayo. Kwezinye izitshalo zomndeni wama-Adiant, ama-brood buds akhiwa emaqabungeni.
Ungakhula i-fern yama-perennial enjalo ku-greenhouse nasekhaya.
Nakekela i-adiantum ekhaya
Indawo nokukhanyisa
Lesi sitshalo se-herbaceous singalezo zinhlobo ezingathandi ukukhanya kwelanga okuqondile, kepha emthunzini uzizwa umkhulu. Ngakho-ke, lapho uhlela lo "mhlobo oluhlaza" wesikhathi eside, kubalulekile ukukhetha iwindi ohlangothini olusenyakatho noma olusempumalanga, lapho ilanga elishisa ilanga lingeke lize. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-adiantum ayithandi ukuthi idluliswe njalo futhi ishintshelwe endaweni yayo ejwayelekile. Ngakho-ke, udinga ukukhetha indawo efanele kuye futhi ungazami ukuhambisa imbiza ngaphandle kwesidingo esikhethekile.
Ukushisa
Ama-adiantums ayizitshalo ezingathobeki ngokuphelele. Kodwa-ke, abathandi ukushisa futhi bakhetha ukubanda okwengeziwe. Izinga lokushisa elihle kunazo zonke ngu-15-20 ° C. Ehlobo, uma ufisa, ungayikhipha i-fern, kodwa nokho akunconywa ukuthi izinga lokushisa eliphakeme lidlule ku-22 ° C. Futhi, lesi sitshalo asilubekezeleli intuthu nogwayi.
Umswakama womoya
I-Adiantum ithanda umoya omanzi nokufafaza, ikakhulukazi ehlobo. Umoya omile uthinta kabi impilo yesitshalo. Ezinyangeni zobusika, kufanele futhi kufafazwe njalo, kepha amanzi kufanele afudumale. Kodwa-ke, uma izinga lokushisa lekamelo liphansi kunokwejwayelekile, kungcono ukungamanzisi i-fern ukuze isikhunta singabonakali.
Ukunisela
Ukunisela kufanele futhi kube njalo. Ehlobo, ama-adiantums athanda ukucwiliswa okugcwele emanzini (ebhodweni). Umhlaba kufanele ugcwale kahle futhi ukhanye. Kubalulekile ukungawudli ngokweqile nangemva kwenqubo ukuvumela umswakama owedlulele ushiye. Kungemva kokukhishwa kwamanzi ngokweqile, imbiza ibekwa lapho.
Ebusika, i-fern iyaniselwa kuya ngokuya ngokushisa egumbini kanye nomswakama. Uma umhlaba ufuna ukunisela, khona-ke kufanele wenziwe, kodwa kuphela ngamanzi afudumele nenani elifanelekile.
Umanyolo kanye nomanyolo
Ezinyangeni zasehlobo, i-adiantum kumele ivundiswe ngezixube ezikhethekile ze-liquid zezimbali zasendlini. Ebusika, ukondla akufanele.
Inhlabathi
Lapho utshala futhi ufake amanye ama-ferns, kubalulekile ukubheka ukuthi i-adiantum ikhula kahle enhlabathini evulekile ne-acidic ehlanganiswe nge-humus. Ukuze uqambe kahle ingxube yokutshala, kubalulekile ukuthatha isihlabathi, i-peat, i-turf nenhlabathi enamaqabunga ngokulingana okulinganayo, futhi ungeze inani elincane lamalahle.
Ukufakelwa
Ukufakelwa kwenziwa entwasahlobo, njengasesikhathini esihle kakhulu se-adiantum. Izimpande ezibunjiwe, ezibolile ziyagawulwa, kepha ezinhle azithinti, ngoba zikhula kancane. Ngemuva kokutshala isitshalo ebhodweni, awukwazi ukucindezela ngokuqinile umhlabathi, ngoba i-fern ithanda lapho izimpande zayo zisemhlabathini othambile. Imbiza inconywa ukuba ibanzi futhi ibanzi. Ngemuva komsebenzi owenziwe, kubalulekile ukufafaza futhi kunisele isitshalo.
Ukuzala kabusha kwe-Adiantum
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zokusakazeka kwe-adiantum: ngokuhlukanisa isihlahla nokusebenzisa izinhlamvu.
Ukuzala kabusha ngokuhlukanisa isihlahla
Inqubo yokuhlukanisa isihlahla kungenzeka yenziwe kusentwasahlobo. Isihlahla se-fern kufanele sihlukaniswe ngokucophelela ngesandla ngezingxenye eziningi. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukutadisha ngokucophelela amaphuzu wokukhula. Ephuzwini elilodwa lokukhula noma izitshalo ezimbalwa ezincane ngokusobala azikwazi ukuhlukaniswa, kungenjalo izokufa. Ngokufakelwa ngempumelelo, isitshalo kumele sibhekwe njalo. Kuyafaneleka futhi ukubheka iqiniso lokuthi i-fern izoqala ukukhula kancane hhayi ngokushesha.
Ukusakazeka kwe-Spore
Lapho sisakazwa ngama-spores (imbewu ye-fern), kuyadingeka ukunamathela emithethweni eminingana. Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, usike ishidi le-adiantum, ukhiphe izinhlamvu ephepheni. Spread imbewu eyomile ngokulinganayo ngesendlalelo esinciphile ku-peat ekhethekile ebhokisini. Okulandelayo, udinga ukudala umphumela wokugcina ukushisa kubo: amboze ngengilazi, uthele emthunzini, ugcine ukushisa futhi u-moisturize njalo. Ngokunakekelwa okufanele, izinhlamvu kufanele zikhule ngemuva kwamasonto angama-5.
Lapho kuvela amahlumela amancane, ingilazi lingasuswa, bese kubekwa ibhokisi elinezitshalo ezincane endaweni ekhanyayo. Ngemuva kwamasonto ambalwa, ama-adiantums amancane adinga ukukhishwa, kushiya amahlumela amahle kuphela. Ngemuva kokuthi izitshalo ziqale ukukhula ngentshiseko, zingadluliselwa zibe ngamabhodwe ahlukene.
Kubalulekile! Ukuzala usebenzisa i-spores kungcono futhi kunokwethenjwa.
Izinkinga Ngokukhula kwe-Adiantum
- Kuvela amacembe angenamvubelo ngenxa yokunisela okungafanele.
- Isigaxa seqabunga (kodwa hhayi ukoma) kwenzeka lapho inhlabathi inyanyiswe ngokwedlulele, isitshalo sihlala sisalungiswa, noma ngaphansi kokwenza.
- Ngokukhanya kwelanga okukhulu kakhulu, ukushisa kungavela emaqabungeni noma kubenombala onsundu kakhulu.
- Uma umoya womile, amaqabunga aqala ukuwa, amathiphu awo omile, ajike aphuzi abe ngotshani ezansi.
- Ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa kwe-adiantum, imichilo noma amachashazi wombala onsundu angakheka engxenyeni engezansi yepuleti leqabunga. Le nto yinto ejwayelekile.
Izifo Nezinambuzane
Uma umoya osekamelweni womile kakhulu, kungenzeka i-adiantum ihlaselwe yisibungu sesicabucabu. Ifomu le-cobweb esiqwini, futhi amaqabunga aba buvila futhi aphuzi, kuthi emva kwesikhathi esithile kuqale ukuwa. Uma i-adiantum yonakaliswe yisibungu sesicabucabu, kubalulekile ukususa ngokucophelela ama-cobwebs bese uhlanza amaqabunga nesiqu ngaphansi kweseshini elifudumele.
I-aphid ithelele i-adiantum ngemuva kwamaqabunga. Amahlamvu aqala ukuncipha, aphenduke aphuzi futhi awe. Uma amaqabunga elinyazwa ama-aphid, kuyadingeka ukuphatha lesi sitshalo ngezixazululo ezikhethekile: i-phytaverm, intavir, njll. Ngemuva kokucubungula, i-adiantum yokuvimbela nayo ingagezwa eshaweni efudumele.
Izinhlobo ezithandwayo zama-adiantums
I-Adiantum yezinwele zeVenus (Igama lesayensi noma lesiLatini i-Adiantum capillus-veneris) - isitshalo somhlaba esinesiqu esingaphansi komhlaba. I-rhizome yayo imbozwe ngobukhulu ngamasentimitha amade. Amaqabunga e-Bipartite ahluka ngesimo se-oval futhi afinyelela isilinganiso esingu-30 cm ubude, 10 cm ububanzi. Zinezigaxa ezakhiwe njengabalandeli futhi zixhunyiwe esiqwini ngesinqe esimnyama, kodwa esincanyana. Izikhala ziphezulu esiqwini.
I-Adiantum formosum - ngakho ososayensi babiza i-adiantum enhle. Lokhu kungenye yezinhlobonhlobo zefern yaphakade, futhi enama-rhizomes acwebile athambile. Amacembe awo abanzi bukhulu bume ngesimo, izingxenye zawo zilayishwe futhi zibizwa ngokuthi i-rhomboid. Ubukhulu obujwayelekile beshidi buyi-50 cm futhi ububanzi bube ngama-35 cm. Umbala uluhlaza kakhulu ngokuhlaza. I-Petiole yalolu hlobo inendawo engafanele. Le adiantum ayidabuki kakhulu, ngakho-ke, ingakhula ngokuphelele kuwo womabili amakamelo afudumele futhi apholile.
I-Adiantum cuneatum noma i-adiantum ene-wedge - futhi uhlobo lwe-fern, ukubukeka kwalo kufana ne-adiantum enhle. Kodwa-ke, ngokungafani nohlobo lwangaphambilini, inamaqabunga, emaphethelweni lapho kukhona khona usizi olufana nehhashi.
I-Adiantum hispidulum, iyi-adiantum enezinwele ezincane - kubhekiselwa ezitshalweni zomhlaba oyi-herbaceous. Inama-rhizomes ezinwabuzelayo athambile impela ngesakhiwo. Amaqabunga alezi zinhlobo amnandi. Izingcezu ziyahluka ngesimo sesigqi, kanti isiqu, esingaba ngu-30 cm ubude, simbozwe ngocingo oluncane. Umbala onsundu ngombala, uhlala isikhathi eside futhi ubude. Ama-spores atholakala e-sporangia ebekwe emaceleni amaqabunga.
I-Adiantum tenerum noma ithenda ye-adiantum - fern zisetshenziswa enezimbali ezimfushane ezinwabuzelayo. Amahlamvu anamathele ku-petiole emnyama, emnyama, ebushelelezi. Ubukhulu obujwayelekile beqabunga bungama-60 cm, futhi ububanzi bungamasentimitha angama-45. Izingxenye zawo zinomusa kakhulu, yingakho igama lalezi zinhlobo livela. Amaqabunga ale fern ajwayele ukuwa, ngenxa yokuncipha kwezithelo ezisikiwe ngaphezulu.
I-Adiantum diaphanum blume (elihunyushwe kusuka endaweni yesi-Latin adiantum esobala) - isitshalo esingapheli, esifinyelela ukuphakama okungamasentimitha angama-40. Inamaqabunga we-cirrus kanye namaqabunga amahle anezingxenye ezibanzi ezi-oval. Umbala wazo uluhlaza okotshani. Iqabunga lalezi zinhlobo libonakaliswa ngokujikeleza phezulu nangesi concavity ngezansi. Isiqu esincanyana - ubude obuyi-20 cm. Ama-sporangia anjengezinso akhiwe emaphethelweni amaqabunga, engxenyeni ephezulu.
I-Adiantum raddianum noma i-adiantum raddy - isitshalo se-herbaceous land esingama-ferns wasendulo. Amacembe ama-tripe walolu hlobo ahlukahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezenzelwe abalandeli. Ngokwesimo sazo sifana nonxantathu, ezisekelweni zibukeka njengama-wedge. Ubukhulu obujwayelekile beqabunga buyi-35 cm, futhi ububanzi buyi-20 cm. Umsiki, njengezinye izinhlobo eziningi ze-adiantums, mncane futhi ubude (cishe ngama-25 cm).
Kunezinhlobo eziningi ezikhangayo zama-adiantums: ezine-leved, ezikhula ngokushesha, ezikhulukazi, njll. Noma kunjalo, wonke ama-ferns ase-perennial ahlanganisa izici zokunakekelwa, ukuzala nokukhiqiza okufanele.
