Imbali enjenge-Aubrieta ibizwa nangokuthi i-aubration. Ihlobene nohlobo lwezitshalo ezihlala ziluhlaza herbaceous eziqhakaza izimbali, ezihlala zisetshenziswa futhi zingabomndeni weklabishi. Uhlobo lolo luhlanganisa izinhlobo eziyishumi nambili. Imbali enjalo iyatshalwa ezingadini zamadwala, nakuwo wonke amazwe aseYurophu njengesitshalo sengadi. Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, i-aobriet ingatholakala e-Italy, e-Asia Minor, eningizimu yeFrance, kanye naseNingizimu Melika, lapho ithanda ukukhula khona emabhange emifuleni nasemadwaleni. Igama lesiLatinin lanikezwa lesi sitshalo ukuhlonipha umfo waseFrance uClaude Aubrier, owayengumdwebi futhi esebenza kuhlobo lomfanekiso we-botanical. E-Russia, imbali enjalo ibizwa ngokuthi yinsimbi engenalutho. Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, lesi sitshalo sibukeka njengokhaphethi oqinile obabazekayo. Le mbali inesici esisodwa, amaqabunga ayo amahle awapheli yize ebusika.
Izici ze-Aubriet
Amapuleti amaqabunga amancane akhiwe ngokulandelana ane-pubescence, kanye nokwakheka kwe-obovate noma i-elliptical. Unqenqema lwazo lubekiwe noma luqinile. Ama-inflorescence amancane anemifantu emincane yefomu le-racemose aqukethe izimbali ezincane ezinamaphiko amane ezine-di centimeter ububanzi kanye nompunga onsomi, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma onsomi. Izimbali ziningi futhi zihlala kusuka engxenyeni yesibili yentwasahlobo kuya ekuqaleni kwenkathi yehlobo. Uma unikeza ukunakekelwa okulungile nokunempilo, khona-ke ekwindla, umhlambi ungaqhakaza futhi. Izithelo zinjengokuvela kwe pod, lapho kukhona khona imbewu eyisicaba yombala onsundu.
Ngezansi kuzochazwa ukuthi ungatshala kanjani kahle, ukhule futhi usakaze kanjani imbali enjalo. Futhi nokuthi ungavikela kanjani ezifweni eziyingozi nasezifo.
Ukukhula ukushefa kusuka ezinhlanyelweni
Kulula ukusakaza lesi sitshalo ngembewu, ngenkathi ingatshalwa zombili ngokusebenzisa izithombo nangendlela engenasithombo. Kepha uma ukuhlwanyela imbewu kwenziwa ngqo enhlabathini evulekile ngoSepthemba noma ngoMeyi, ngenxa yalokho, lokhu kungaholela ekuhlukanisweni kwezinhlobo. Kulokhu, ochwepheshe batusa ukukhula nge-auburn kuphela ngezithombo. Ukuqhakaza kwesitshalo esinjalo esikhulwe kusuka ezinhlanyelweni kungabonakala kuphela ngonyaka wesibili wokuphila. Imbewu yakwa-Aubrit iyathengiswa kuzo zonke izitolo ezikhethekile.
Ukuhlwanyela
Ukuhlwanyelwa kwenziwa ezinsukwini zokugcina zikaFebhuwari cishe amasonto angama-8-10 ngaphambi kokuqala kokushisa. Hlwanyela imbewu imbali enjalo ngokushesha emabhodweni ehlukene. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ungasebenzisa amabhodwe we-peat-humus noma amaphilisi we-peat, izithombo zitshalwa emhlabathini ovulekile ngqo kulezi ziqukathi. Okokuqala, moisten i-substrate yebhodwe noma ithebhulethi, bese ubeka imbewu engu-2 noma engu-3 ebusweni bayo. Ukusuka ngenhla kufanele kufafazwe ngesendlalelo sesihlabathi esincane (0.3-0.5 cm). Moisten isihlabathi kusuka ku-atomizer ehlakazeke kahle, bese ubeka iziqukathi ngaphansi kwengilazi noma ifilimu. Izinga lokushisa lomoya elihle kakhulu kwezilimo lingama-18- 21 degrees.
Ungazinakekela kanjani izithombo
Ukunakekela izithombo kulula kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, kudingeka ahlele umoya omncane nsuku zonke, futhi uwaphuze lapho kunesidingo. Izithombo zokuqala zingabonakala ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-20-30, emva kwalokho indawo yokukhosela kumele isuswe ngokuphelele. Kuyadingeka ukunisela isitshalo ngokucophelela, ngoba izithombo zisabela ngendlela engeyiyo ku-substrate eminyene kakhulu. Esimweni lapho izithombo zibuthakathaka, futhi ukukhula kwazo kuhamba kancane, kunconywa ukuthi kufakwe umanyolo wamaminerali eziyinkimbinkimbi ezingxenyeni zenyanga ngaphambi kokutshala emhlabathini ovulekile, kuyilapho ukuqoqwa kwekhambi kufanele kube buthakathaka.
Khetha
I-Aubrieta iphendula kabi kakhulu ekufakweni kwezimpawu, kulokhu, lapho isikhule ngezithombo, ukukha akwenziwanga. Kungakho imbewu yalesi sitshalo inconywa ukuthi ihlwanyelwe ezitsheni ezihlukile (okuningi ngalokhu kuchazwe ngenhla).
Ukushefa kwangaphandle
Isikhathi sokufika
Kunconywa ukutshala lezi zimbali emhlabathini ovulekile kuphela ngemuva kokuba usongo lweqhwa seludlulile, futhi njengomthetho, lesi sikhathi siwela engxenyeni yesibili kaMeyi. Ngokutshala, udinga ukukhetha indawo ngokucophelela. Lapho ukhetha isiza, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ngokuqhakaza okuningana futhi okumangalisa ngokumangalisayo kwendlebe, udinga inani eliphezulu kakhulu lemisebe yelanga eqondile. Lapho ukhetha inhlabathi, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi izimbali ezinjalo zikhula futhi zithuthukise okungcono, umpetha womhlabathi osendaweni. Ngakho-ke, lesi sitshalo sikhula kahle phakathi kwama-slabs ekhonkrithi nezinyathelo zamatshe. Kodwa-ke, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi inhlabathi idinga amanzi axegayo, angena kahle, futhi ukwakheka kwawo kufanele kufake inani elincane le-peat noma umlotha. Kuhle futhi uma inhlabathi ingathathi hlangothi noma i-alkaline kancane, i-pH 6.0-7.0.
Ungatshala kanjani
Imbali efana ne-Aubriet ibhekwa abalimi njengepulasitiki kakhulu. Kulokhu, ingatshalwa ngendlela othande ngayo, kuyilapho ungakha ingadi yamatshe noma imbali yezimbali yanoma iluphi uhlobo. Ukujula kwefossa yokutshala kuncike kubude bezimpande zezithombo, ngenkathi ububanzi bayo kufanele bube kabili kathathu ububanzi bembiza lapho i-aureth ikhula khona. Lapho utshala, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ibanga phakathi kwezihlahla kufanele okungenani libe amasentimitha ayi-5. Esimweni lapho imbali yakho ikhule esitsheni esenziwe ngobumba noma ngeplastiki, khona-ke ngokushesha ngaphambi kokutshala imbiza kufanele icwiliswe ngokuphelele ngaphansi kwamanzi. Linda kuze kube yilapho kuqala ama-Bubble emoyeni. Ngemuva kwalokho, susa ngokucophelela lesi sitshalo kanye nesigaxa sobumba usibeka emgodini olungiselelwe. Lapho isithombo sesitshaliwe, kuzodingeka ukuthi kuhlanganiswe inhlabathi, bese ufafaza ingaphezulu layo nge-mulch (isendimitha emihlanu sesihlabathi), bese siyithulula ngokucophelela.
Ungayinakekela kanjani engadini
Ukunisela
Kulula kakhulu ukunakekela izinwele zakho futhi ngeke kukuthathe isikhathi esiningi. Ngemuva kokuba izimbali sezikhulile, zidinga ukuniselwa kuphela uma isikhathi esomile sanele. Esimweni esifanayo, uma uvame futhi uphuzise ukushefa esimweni sezulu esivamile isikhathi sasehlobo, lapho-ke ungazifaka engcupheni yokukhulisa ukukhula okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ngenkathi izimbali ziba yindlala. Izinhlobonhlobo ezincane kufanele ziniselwa kaningi kunabantu abadala asebekhulile, kepha kulokhu, umuntu kufanele aqaphele ngokwanele. Ukunisela kunconywa ngokufafaza. Ngemuva kokuthi imithunzi iselenisile noma kudlule imvula, umhlabathi ongaphezulu komhlaba kufanele ukhululwe, futhi bonke utshani bokhula kufanele bukhululwe.
Umanyolo
Ngesikhathi sokukhula okusebenzayo kwesitshalo, kunconywa ukufafaza ingaphezulu lesakhiwo nge-mulch 2 noma ama-3. Kulokhu, isihlabathi sisetshenziswa, ngenkathi ubukhulu besendlalelo kufanele bube ngamasentimitha amathathu kuya kwayisihlanu. I-Aubrietu isuthiswa ngesisombululo somanyolo wamaminerali ophelele wezitshalo eziqhakaza izimbali zisetshenziswa. Kulokhu, ukugqoka phezulu kwenziwa entwasahlobo ngaphambi kokuqhakaza kwezimbali, kanye nasekwindla.
Izihlahla
Ngemuva kokuncipha kokufifaza ngesikhathi sentwasahlobo, kufanele kusikwe cishe kufinyelele ezingeni lomhlabathi. Kulokhu, ukukhula okusebenzayo kweziqu ezincane ezinamapheshana anemibala egcwele. Ngokuphikisana nesizinda se-aurite, ezinye izitshalo eziqhakazayo zizomane zibonakale zihle kakhulu. Ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile, izoqhuma futhi.
Ungasakaza kanjani
Ukutshala nokukhulisa i-aubration kulula kakhulu, into esemqoka ukungakhohlwa imithetho eyisisekelo yokuyinakekela. Ingasakazeka kalula ngokusikwa nangendlela yembewu. Mayelana nokukhulisa imbali enjalo ngezithombo, ezichazwe ngenhla. Kodwa-ke, abalimi abanokuhlangenwe nakho okuningi bahlwanyela ukushefa ngqo enhlabathini evulekile. Ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, inhlabathi yembewu kumele ilungiswe. Ukuze benze lokhu, bayibumba ngokujula kwamasentimitha ayi-15, basuse wonke amatshe futhi basuse ukhula bese befaka umanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi, ushokolezi (umlotha) nomlotha wezinkuni, bese bawuthambisa. Imbewu kufanele ibekwe ngqo ebusweni bomhlaba, kuyilapho akufanele ihlwanyelwe kakhulu. Akudingeki ukuthi zijule, vele uthele ungqimba lwesihlabathi ngaphezulu kwembewu, ubukhulu bawo okufanele bube ngamasentimitha amathathu kuya kwayisihlanu. Lapho-ke izilimo zidinga ukuniselwa ngokucophelela ngomsele wokunisela. Uma ukuhlwanyelwa kwenziwa entwasahlobo, khona-ke izithombo zokuqala zizovela emavikini ayi-1.5-3, futhi uma ngoSepthemba - kuphela lapho kufika inkathi elandelayo yentwasahlobo.
Kulula futhi ukusakaza lesi sitshalo ngokusika. Maphakathi nenkathi yehlobo, le mbali iyathenwa, emva kwalokho uzoba nenani elikhulu lokutshala. Njengokusika, ungasebenzisa amahlumela ahlutshiwe lapho kungekho khona izimbali. Badinga ukutshalwa endaweni ebamba ukushisa kwingxube yenhlabathi, okubandakanya isihlabathi kanye ne-peat (1: 1). Ekupheleni kwehlobo, ukhula lwenhlanganisela yezinsika kufanele luphele, futhi zingatshalwa endaweni ehlala njalo emhlabathini ovulekile. Ngaphambi kokuqala kobusika obubandayo, izitshalo ezincane zinezimpande kahle futhi ziqine. Uma kwenzeka ukuthi endaweni yangakini ebusika kukhona iqhwa elinzima kakhulu noma iqhwa elincanyana liwele ngalesi sikhathi sonyaka, khona-ke ukusikeka ngeke kutshalwe emhlabathini ovulekile, kepha kushiywe ku-greenhouse kuze kube sentwasahlobo.
Futhi, imbali ingasakazwa ngokuhlukanisa isihlahla. Kungcono ukwenza le nqubo entwasahlobo noma ekwindla. I-Aubrieta ayikubekezeleli ukuzala okunjalo okulula impela. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukumba isihlahla futhi usihlukanise sibe izingxenye eziningana, kuyilapho ukwahlukana ngakunye kufanele kube nezimpande neziqu ezakhiwe kahle. Ngemuva kwalokhu, abahlukanisi batshalwe emithonjeni ehlukile. Kepha kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi yonke imizamo yakho ingaba yize, futhi umgibe otshalwe ngale ndlela kungenzeka ufe. Ngakho-ke, abalimi abanolwazi bathanda ukusebenzisa indlela yembewu yokuzala noma ukusika.
Izifo nezinambuzane
I-Aubrieta inokumelana okuphakeme kwezifo ezahlukahlukene nezinambuzane eziyingozi, yingakho kulula kakhulu ukuyinakekela. Kwezinye izimo, lesi sitshalo singatheleleka nge-powdery hlobo, kuyilapho kuvela imhlophe emaphepheni nasezimbali. Lesi sifo singesikhunta, futhi njengoba sikhula, lolu phawu luthola umbala onsundu. Isihlahla esingenwe yilesi sifo siphelelwa ukubukeka okumangazayo, futhi ukukhula kwalo kuhamba kancane. Izingxenye ezithintekile zezimbali ziba mnyama bese ziyafa, kanti isihlahla sona ngokwaso siba nzima kakhulu ebusika. Ukuze ulaphe i-Powdery isikhutha, i-colloidal sulfure ingasetshenziswa, futhi imiyalo ekuphekwe komkhiqizo kumele ilandelwe.
Ingozi enkulu yazo zonke izinambuzane ezilimazayo zokushefa ama-aphid. Lesi isinambuzane esincelayo esisebenzisa ujusi wezitshalo ukondla. I-Aphid isisabalalisi sezifo eziyingozi ezibangelwa amagciwane. Ungasusa izinambuzane ezilimazayo ngosizo lweKarbofos, iBiotlin, iFufanon noma i-Arrivo. Ngokuya ngezinga lokutheleleka kwezihlahla, ukwelashwa kwe-1-4 kungadingeka.
Ngokuvamile, imbali enjalo, ekhetha ukukhula phakathi kwamatshe, kuyaqabukela igule.
Ungayinakekela kanjani iminyaka eminingi yokushefa ngemuva kokuqhakaza izimbali
Ukuqoqwa kwembewu
Lapho kusakazwa imbali enjalo ngembewu eqoqwe ngokuzimela, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi angeke igcine zonke izinhlamvu ezihlukile zesitshalo somzali. Kodwa-ke, uma usafuna ukuqoqa imbewu, khona-ke lapho umhede uqothuka entwasahlobo, kubalulekile ukushiya iziqu ezi-2 noma ezi-3 ngama-ovari ngesikhathi sokusika. Linda kuze kube yilapho imbewu isiphenduka mnyama futhi unciphise pods ngokucophelela. Zibambe, ulethe imbewu egumbini futhi uvuthwe. Le mbewu ingahlwanyelwa ngaphambi kobusika ngendlela efanayo njengoba kuchaziwe ngenhla.
Ukulungiselela ubusika
Ngemuva kokuqhakaza kwentwasahlobo, ochwepheshe beluleka ngokuqinisekile ukuthi banqume zonke iziqu zesi sitshalo. Kodwa-ke, ngemuva kokuba imbali yesibili isidlulile, lokhu akudingekile. Iziqu nezimbali kufanele zishiyelwe ubusika bonke, futhi zizodinga ukusikwa kuphela ukuqala kwentwasahlobo. Lezi zimbali zisetshenziselwa kahle zikubekezelela kahle ubusika ngaphandle kwendawo yokukhosela. Kodwa kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi uma ubusika bunzima kakhulu futhi bungabi neqhwa kakhulu, khona-ke umhede ungafa, kulokhu, abatshali bezimbali abanolwazi batusa ukugcwalisa izimbali ngeendlalelo zamahlamvu owomile noma ukumboza nge-lapnik.
Izinhlobo nezinhlobo ze-aubriet ezinezithombe namagama
Kunezinhlobo eziyi-12 zemvelo zokuhlala, kuyilapho ezinye zazo zitshalwa abalimi. Kuyaqabukela, ungahlangana ezingadini eziphakathi nobude ezinjengezi: auret ezimhlophe, isiCroatia auret, i-auret ebabazekayo, kanye ne-Kolumk's auret. Kodwa-ke, kunezinhlobo ezidumile kakhulu, futhi zizochazwa ngezansi.
I-Aubrieta deltoidea, noma i-Auret deltoid
Ukuphakama kwalesi sitshalo se-herbaceous perennial kungafinyelela amasentimitha ayi-15. Amapuleti amaqabunga aluhlaza grey aluhlaza okotshani anama-denticles ayi-1 noma ama-2 emaphethelweni ngamunye. Ama-inflorescence a-loose efomu le-racemose anezimbali ezincane (ububanzi obungaba amamamilimitha ayi-10), adwetshwe ngombala we-lilac noma ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka. NgoMeyi, i-aubriet iqala ukuqhakaza. Isikhathi sokuqhakaza kwaso singaphezu kwamaviki ama-4. Lolu hlobo selilinywe kusukela ngo-1710, laziwa kakhulu ngokuthi "isihlahla se-lilac". Unezinhlobonhlobo zeBougainville, ukuphakama kwesihlahla saso kufinyelela amasentimitha angama-20, izimbali zidwetshwe ngombala onsomi, kanti isikhungo sinombala wewolintshi. Ngenxa yabafuyi, kwavela uhlobo lwamasiko, okuyinto edume kakhulu phakathi kwabalimi, ngenkathi bathatha isisekelo sedereid njengesisekelo.
Isiko le-Aubrieta (Aubrieta x cultorum), noma i-Aubrieta hybrid
Leli qembu lezitshalo ezingadluli amasentimitha angama-20 ukuphakama futhi ezikwazi ukudlulela ngaphansi kokumbozwa yiqhwa. Amapheshana amancane ashubile futhi athunyelwe emaphethelweni. Ububanzi bezimbali ezinsomi noma ze-lilac zifinyelela ku-1 centimeter. Kuze kube manje, izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zalolu hlobo zingaba nezimbali eziphindwe kabili, eziphindwe kabili futhi ezilula. Zingathathelwa kalula ngembewu. Kunezinhlobonhlobo ezingatshalwa emabhodweni ekhaya, futhi kukhona efanelekile ukusikwa.
Izinhlobo ezithandwa kakhulu ze-obrita yamasiko:
- Ukwehlisa. Izimbali zomsuka onjalo zingapendwe ngombala onsomi, opinki, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, oluluhlaza okotshani noma obomvu, kuyilapho zinombala omncane ophuzi. Amapuleti eshidi aluhlaza okotshani unyaka wonke anombala ofanayo.
- Enchanting Morocco. Isihlahla sikhulu futhi sisebenza kakhulu. Izimbali zinobukhulu obukhulu (cishe ubukhulu be-15 mm). Umbala wazo ungahluka kusuka kokupinki nokubomvu kube luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
- I-Cote d'Azur. Isitshalo esinjalo sinezimbali ezinhle kakhulu ezinemibala ye-azure. Izimbali ziyaqhubeka izinyanga ezimbili zasehlobo. NgoSepthemba, ukuqhakaza izimbali okuphindaphindwayo kuyabonakala, okuqhubeka kuze kube yilapho kuqala iqhwa lobusika.
- Impophoma enkulu. Lokhu kuhlanganiswa okuhlukahlukene, okubandakanya izitshalo ezinemibala ehlukahlukene, okuyi-pink, nsomi, i-violet, ebomvu, njll. Ukuphakama kwesitshalo esinjalo esisetshenziswa ebusika asidluli amasentimitha ayi-15. Izimbali zinobubanzi besentimitha.
Futhi, abalimi bayakuthokozela ukuhlakulela izinhlobo ezinjengama-aubriet ezinjengokuthi: I-Carnival, uDkt Muls, uDon, uGloriosa, uWanda, uBlue King, iNdlovukazi, iRoyal Keskade, i-Triumph, njll.
