Wonke umuntu uyaqonda ukuthi isivuno samazambane esigcwele sigcwele singatholakala kuphela kuzilimo eziyizigaxa ezisezingeni eliphakeme ezikhethiwe futhi zigcinelwe ukutshala ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele. Vele, ungahlala uthenge amazambane wembewu kwelinye lamapulazi abandakanyeka ekukhiqizeni nasekuthengiseni, kodwa lokhu kuyabiza impela, ngakho-ke umlimi uvame ukuxazulula le nkinga ngokwakhe. Ngakho-ke, ake sixoxe ngobuchwepheshe bokukhetha amazambane wembewu, ukulungiselela kwawo isitoreji, futhi nangokuthi isitoreji uqobo sinemininingwane futhi siyaqondakala ngangokunokwenzeka kumfundi ngamunye.
Amazambane amabanga ahlukahlukene.
Eqinisweni, ukuze amazambane wembewu awonakalise kuze kube isikhathi lapho kudinga khona ukutshala, kufanele ulandele, empeleni, imithetho elula - isivuno esifike ngesikhathi esakhiweni, khetha amashubhu amakhulu kakhulu futhi athuthuke kahle awabeke eceleni kusengaphambili, ngaphandle kokuxubana nabanye, kepha uhlele kahle okugcinwe, i.e. ukuze amazinga okushisa womabili nomswakama alungele ukulondolozwa ama-tubers amazambane amazambane.
Funda izinto zethu ezinemininingwane: Nini futhi kanjani ukumba amazambane?
Ungawakhetha kanjani amazambane wembewu?
Ngesizathu esithile esingaziwa, abanye abalimi bakholelwa ukuthi ama-tubers wembewu kufanele akhethwe kusuka enhlanganisweni yamazambane hhayi ekwindla, kodwa entwasahlobo, ecishe ilungile ngaphambi kokutshala, okungukuthi, ngaphambi kokuhluma. Kodwa-ke, inceku yakho ethobekile kanye nabanye ochwepheshe emkhakheni wabo batusa ngokuqinile ukuthi uqale ukhethe impahla yembewu hhayi ngisho nasekumbeni, kepha ngaphambi kwesikhathi - ukunaka izitshalo ngokwazo, ubukhulu kanye nezinga lokuqhakaza kwazo.
Akukho lutho olunzima ngokuphelele ukuhamba esizeni bese ukhetha izimbiza zamazambane eziqine kakhulu, eziphukile nezithuthuke kakhulu futhi uzimake ngemigqa noma ngezikhonkwane zokunamathela eduze kwazo. Kungani kudingeka lokhu? Hhayi-ke: njengoba iziqongo zinamandla, khona-ke ama-tubers azoba makhulu, kanti nezitshalo zizoqhubeka nokumelana nezifo nezilokazane, okungukuthi, zizoba nokugomela okuqinile.
Ukumba nezilimo eziyizigaxa zamazambane
Ukumba ama-tubers kusuka emithini ebhekelwe izinhloso zembewu, kuyadingeka ukuphatha isikhumba ngokucophelela ngangokunokwenzeka, ngoba kulula kakhulu ukusilimaza. Ukuze ikhasi likwazi ukubumbana futhi likwazi ukumelana nokulimala ngesikhathi sokumba, kubalulekile ukunquma iziqongo zamabhushi anjalo ngo-12 cm cm ukuphakama amasonto ambalwa ngaphambi kokumba.
Ukuvuna emahlathini anjalo kudingekile kuphela nge-pitchfork, amazinyo ajwayelekile akhombe ezinhlanu: lokhu kuzonciphisa ubungozi bokulimala kwezilimo eziyizigaxa. Masinyane ngemuva kokumbiwa, kufanele kwenziwe ukuhlolwa okuphelele komonakalo, ukubola, njll. (Ke uma konke kuvamile), ama-tubers, ngemuva kokoma, athunyelwa ngqo esikhwameni sembewu.
Ukumba ama-tubers bese ukhetha amazambane wembewu.
Imithetho Yokukhetha Izambane Lamazambane
Imvamisa, kukhethwa amabhula amaqabunga enzalo kulezo izihlahlana lapho kukhethwe khona amazambane okungenani ayisikhombisa, mhlawumbe akhetha amazambane ayisishiyagalombili noma ngaphezulu. Ngaso leso sikhathi, okungenani amazambane amane kufanele abe nesisindo esingaphezu kwamagremu ayikhulu (ngemuva kokugcinwa isikhathi eside kobusika, i-shrinkage efinyelela ku-80 noma 90 amagremu ivunyelwe, akusekho okunye). Uma ngaphansi kwesihlahla, okungenzeka ukuthi sikhula ngenkuthalo, bekukhona nezilimo eziyizigaxa ezincane impela, ngakho-ke kungcono ukuzifaka ekusebenzeni, ngoba ukuhlukahluka okuhlukahlukene ebusweni (alas, lokhu kwenzeka).
Izimbewu, asincomi ukushiya amazambane, yize zinkulu futhi zinempilo, kodwa emgodini owodwa lapho kwakukhona nezilimo eziyizigaxa zokubola, ngoba ukutheleleka kungabhebhetheka kamuva.
Leyo amazambane, engenawo amaphutha ngokuphelele, kufanele ishiywe amahora ambalwa ngqo elangeni, ngemuva kwehora ivulwe omunye umgqomo, bese ilethwe ngaphansi kombhede ukuze ibambe lapho amahora amane kuya kwayi-5 wokoma ngokuphelele.
Silungiselela amazambane wembewu ukuze agcinwe
Uma ucabanga ukuthi ngisho nangokwemba ngokucophelela nokuphathwa ngokucophelela kwamazambane wembewu, iminonjana yomonakalo isengasala ekhasini lawo, kuyadingeka ukulinda isikhathi esibizwa ngokuthi sokwelashwa ngaphambi kokulibeka ukuze ligcinwe, okudingekayo ekuphulukiseni, ekuqiniseni nasekubuseni amanxeba amancane kwizilimo eziyizigaxa. Le nkathi kufanele ibe yinde impela, kuze kufike ezinsukwini eziyi-14, futhi sonke lesi sikhathi amazambane wembewu kufanele agcinwe ngaphansi kombhalo ngokufinyelela ukukhanya, kodwa ngaphandle kokuthola umswakama. Igumbi (i-canopy) lapho amazambane imbewu elashwa khona kufanele lome futhi ligcinwe ekushiseni kwama-degrees angama-19 ukuya kwangama-zero.
Isendlalelo sokubekwa kwamazambane embewu akufanele sibe ngaphezu kwamasentimitha ayishumi, kuphela ezimweni ezithile, lapho kunamazambane amaningi, ungqimba lungaphindwaphindwa kabili. Kanye ngosuku, amazambane kufanele aphendulwe ngokucophelela ngamagilavu kanye namagilavu; ngombono, kufanele aphenduke aluhlaza kuzo zonke izinhlangothi. Kuyacaca ukuthi amazambane embewu awadliwa; kukhona ubuthi obuningi kukho - i-solanine. Vele, ukuze ufakwe ubuthi obuningi, udinga ukudla amazambane amaningi anjalo, kepha i-malaise ne-indigestion kungenzeka. Inzuzo yamazambane asetshenzwe ngale ndlela ukuthi ithola ukungatheleleki okukhulu, igcinwa isikhathi eside, futhi kuyaqabukela kakhulu ngamagundane ukuyilimaza.
Lapho nje kuphela le nkathi yokwelashwa iphela, amazambane imbewu ayahlolwa kabusha ukuthola ukuthi ngabe umonakalo uphulukisiwe yini, uma ekhona (nezilimo eziyizigaxa ekugcineni ezonakele) zichithiwe nje.
Ukuze uqinise ukungatheleleki, uqinisekise ubude besikhathi sokulondolozwa futhi wandise ukuhluma kwezilimo eziyizigaxa zembewu, ungalashwa nganoma yikuphi ukulungiswa kwesikhunta. Isibonelo, abalimi bakhuluma kahle ngomuthi Maxim, futhi uma ngokwezigaba ungafuni ukuzibandakanya namakhemikhali (futhi mhlawumbe kunjalo), bese ucubungula amazambane nge-0,02% yethusi sulfate. Isixazululo silungiswa kalula: amagremu amabili kuphela we-sulfate yethusi ancibilikiswa ebhakedeni lamanzi. Izindlela zokwelapha zenziwa kusuka kwesibhamu sokufafaza ukuze ingaphezulu lamazambane limanzwe yizinhlangothi zombili, ngakho-ke kunzima ukubhala isilinganiso esiqondile sokuhamba kwekhambi lokusebenza: ake sithi ibhakede lamamitha-skwele angama-4-5 (lapha, isisindo samazambane sincike ekuqineni kwesendlalelo sokubekwa, nokunye). Ngemuva kokucubungula nge-fungicide noma i-vitriol, ngokushesha ngaphambi kokubeka isitoreji, amazambane wembewu kumele asulwe ngazo zombili izinhlangothi.
Sikhetha futhi sabelane ngamazambane embewu.
Ukulondolozwa kwamazambane
Ungagcina amazambane wembewu, njengoba kuvame ukwenziwa, emiphongolweni, kwi-loggia (kuvulandi), kanye nasemgwaqweni, uma kungekho sela, ayikho indawo yokwakhiwa kwawo.
Ilungiselela i-cellar ukuze igcinwe
Okokuqala udinga ukhipha isibulala-magciwane emiphongolweni, ususe zonke izinambuzane eziyingozi ezingase zihlasele amazambane abaluleke kangako, bese ususa zonke izinhlaka zokubumba. Ngokuvamile, i-cellular kufanele ibe sesimweni esifanele cishe ezinsukwini ezingama-25-30 ngaphambi kokubeka amazambane embewu.
Lapha okuningi kuncike ekutheni iyiphi i-cellar ngokwayo eyenziwe ngayo. Isibonelo, uma izindonga zophahla zakhiwe ngezitini, zona-ke (nophahla nazo) kufanele zenziwe mhlophe ngesisombululo se-lime (ukulungiselela isixazululo, udinga ukufaka amakhilogremu angaba kathathu ebhokisini lamanzi bese ufaka u-25-30 g we-sulfate yethusi). Ngemuva kokucwaswa, i-cellar kumele ibe yomile, ngoba lokhu kuvuleka amawindi, futhi futhi nomnyango - uvamile, kuyadingeka ukwenza okusalungiswa, ngaphandle kwalokho isela lingoma isikhathi eside.
Uma i-cellar ingokhuni, futhi kufana nokuthi iyisitini, kepha inezinhlaka zokhuni (amashalofu, amashalofu, njll.), Kuyadingeka ukuphatha isifutho ngesixazululo esimnyama se-potanganum permanganate, i-sulfate yethusi (vitriol ingathathelwa ku-100 g ilitha lamanzi). Abalimi baphinda bancome ukusebenzisa umhluzi kagwayi (ngokulungiselela kwawo udinga kuphela uthuli kagwayi noma isigaxa esidala sethitha lamanzi kuphela). Ngemuva kwalokho lokhu kwakhiwa kufanele kuvunyelwe ukukunika usuku, futhi ngosizo lwe-roller roller phezulu nangaphansi, ukucubungula wonke amabhokisi enkuni, amashalofu, amabhinari, njll.
Uma kukhona amashalofu emiphongolweni ongadilizwa futhi ulethwe ngaphezulu, kungcono ukuthi uwagomeke emoyeni ovulekile, futhi ngasikhathi sinye uhlole ukuthi akuso siphi isimo. Uma ukubola okunamandla sekuqalile, kungcono ukubuyisela amashalofu lokhuni amasha asayizi afanele. Kepha amasha asemasha kumele ahlanjululwe.
Isimo esikhethekile esitezi sobumba emapasini - sincoma ukuthi uwagcwalise nge-lime fluff ngobukhulu obudlula isentimitha.
Naka izindonga: babone izindawo zokubumba, inketho engcono kakhulu ukuzishisa ngokungenacala nge-blowtorch. Bheka kukho konke ukuchofoza, izinduku zingangena ngaphakathi zifihle kuzo, wonke imifantu kufanele imbozwe ngosimende ngokufakwa kwengilazi ephukile ukuvimbela imiphumela emibi, kungcono hhayi ibhodlela, kepha ibhodlela. Ukuze uvikele izinduku ukuthi zingangeni kuzo, konke ukuvuleka komoya kufanele kuvalwe ngamanetha wensimbi amasha futhi kungcono ukungazibambisi izintambo, kodwa ukuwathambisa ngokuthembekile.
Kwezinye izimo, i-fumigation ngeke ilimaze. Inketho engcono kakhulu i-fumigation nge-sulfure Checker, kunezinhlobonhlobo zazo, kuneziyalezo ekufakweni, zithathe ngokususelwa kubukhulu bethala lakho.
Ngaphezu kokufafaza ngesikhuhlu sokuhlola isibabule, ungakhipha negciwane igumbi ngokhilimu: okokuqala udinga ukuvala ngokuqinile konke ukuvuleka komoya, bese uthelela okusheshayo emabhakabhini amanzi futhi mhlawumbe hhayi nge-powder, kodwa ngezigxobo, ukubala ngamakhilogremu ambalwa ngamamitha ayi-10 ekamelo. Ngemuva kwalokho u-lime kufanele uthele ngokucophelela futhi kancane kancane amanzi, ngokuba ngamagilavu enjoloba, isivunguzi kanye nemigqomo, futhi ushiye isela ngokushesha, avale umnyango uvalwe. Kuleli fomu, i-cellar kufanele ime izinsuku ezimbalwa, khona-ke izokwazi ukuvula umoya omncane kanye nomnyango bese uwushiya izinsuku ezimbili, ngemuva kwalokho ungangena esiseleni esivivinyeni, uhlole isimo bese ususa i-respirator.
Ukukhetha nokuklama amazambane wembewu ukuze agcinwe.
Ukugcinwa kwamazambane embewu egumbini elingaphansi komhlaba
Ukulondolozwa okulungile kwamazambane embewu egumbini elingaphansi komhlaba, kubalulekile ukuthi amazinga okushisa lapho abe esitebeleni futhi ngaphakathi + kwama-2 + 4 degrees wokushisa, imini nobusuku. Uma izinga lokushisa liqala ukwehla, isitashi esiqukethwe ama-tubers amazambane wembewu asheshe aqale ukuguqula ushukela (nezilimo eziyizigaxa zizoba mnandi), uma izinga lokushisa lehlile ngaphansi kwamanani amabi, amazambane azothela uthuthuko olunamandla. Lapho izinga lokushisa lenyuka, kwesinye isikhathi ama-degree ambalwa nje, amazambane azoqala ukukhula kakhulu ngaphambi kwesikhathi futhi amahlumela ayoqhekeka noma ngabe utshala, noma esitolo uqobo. Ngenxa yalokhu, zizothathelwa indawo isikhathi eside kamuva kusuka ezinsoleni zokulala.
Uhlelo lokungena lomoya nalo luyimpoqo egumbini elingaphansi komhlaba: ngokusingathwa kwekhono, lungasetshenziswa ukuphatha ngokweqile izinga lokushisa egumbini, nakho konke okunye, ngaphandle komoya omncane, ngokuvamile kunengozi yalokho okubizwa ngokuthi i-asphyxiation kokutshala nokuvuthwa kwayo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, umswakama, umkhawulo wawo ophansi ungama-70%, uma umswakama uphansi, khona-ke nezilimo eziyizigaxa zizoqala ukoma bese zibuna, zisuse umswakama ngentshiseko. Kuzokwazi ukukhuphula izinga lomswakama ngokuletha iqhwa, amabhakede amanzi kwisitoreji, uvule umoya omncane ngosuku lweqhwa futhi uligcine ezingeni lama-80-85%.
Isithako Sokugcina Imbewu Yamazambane
Imvamisa, imbewu, impahla ebalulekile yamazambane ihamba phambili futhi ilula kakhulu ukuyigcina emabhokisini anezinhlangothi ezicijile kanye naphansi. Lokhu kuzovumela umoya ukuthi ujikeleze ngokukhululeka. Amabhokisi akufanele abekwe eduze komunye nomunye - ibanga kufanele lilingane no-12-15 cm, kepha angahanjiswa eduze ngamakamelo amancane.
Izimfihlo ezincane lapho ugcina amazambane embewu egumbini elingaphansi komhlaba
Uma wesaba ukubukeka ngaphambi kwesikhathi kwamahlumela, ungafafazi amazambane wembewu ngesendlalelo esingaphezu kwama-30 cm.
Kanye noma kabili phakathi nobusika, zama ukuthola isikhathi bese uhlela wonke amazambane embewu, futhi uma ubona amazambane enamahlumela ngesimo sentambo noma iziwombe, zimane zilahle.
Uma izinqubo zibonakala ngaphambi kwesikhathi, zama ukungaziphuli, zingasikwa ngesikhafu noma nge-pruner. Ngani? Iso ngalinye lamazambane linamahlumela amathathu, uma singase siphule ihlumela lokuqala, singabulala kakhulu amahlamvu amabili asele ngokuwakhipha esidlekeni. Kuyacaca ukuthi ukuthenwa kokuqala kwezihluma kuzonciphisa isivuno size sifinyelele kwesithathu, futhi siphindwe kabili - ngesigamu, okungukuthi, akukho okuhle ngakho.
Uma ufuna ukunciphisa ijubane lokukhula kwamahlumela avele ngaphambi kwesikhathi, thenga iminti ekhemisi bese uthela okumbalwa ebhokisini ngalinye elinamahlumela. Abanye bagcwalisa ngisho namabhokisi ama-mint ephelele, kepha ngenza lokho kuhlolwa - akukho mehluko omkhulu.
Ngeke sivikele imbewu yamazambane kuyo yonke imihlambi yama-pathogenic. Futhi uma kuvela abanjalo, khona-ke kuyadingeka ukufaka umhlonyane owomile emabhokisini - amagremu ayi-100 ebhokisini ngalinye, ungasebenzisa namaqabunga ama-rowan noma omisiwe. Ngengxenye yamathani amazambane udinga amakhilogremu amahlanu "wotshani".
Ukugcinwa kwamazambane embewu lapho kungekho sela
Sizokwehlukanisa lesi sigaba sibe izingxenye ezimbili - labo abagcina imbewu yamazambane ekhaya kanye nalabo abasemhlabathini wekhishi lasehlobo.
Ukugcinwa kwamazambane embewu ekhaya
Ngeke ugcine amazambane amaningi lapha, imvamisa emabhokisi amaningi njengoba i-balcony efudumele ingabamba, ongalungisa khona izinga lokushisa, njengoba sibhale ngaphezulu (+ 2 + 4 degrees kanye nomswakama mayelana ne-80%).
Ukulondolozwa kwamazambane endaweni yokumba esizeni.
Kugcinwa amazambane wembewu esizeni
Okokuqala udinga ukukhetha indawo ephezulu kakhulu esizeni, i.e. lapho amanzi angaphansi komhlaba ngeke afike khona. Okulandelayo, udinga ukumba umgodi ngokujula kwama-35-40 cm, empeleni unezinhlangothi ezithambekele. Ngemuva kwalokho izindonga kufanele ziguqulwe nganoma iyiphi impahla evimbayo. Lokhu kungaba yi-brashi, utshani, izingcezu zezingongolo, i-croaker, futhi phansi kuphonsa utshani obomile obuningi noma, okungcono kakhulu, amagatsha e-coniferous.
Okulandelayo, ama-tubers wembewu yamazambane athululelwa emgodini, olungiselelwe kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe obuchazwe ngenhla. Ubukhulu obungama-40 cm bubekwe phezu kwabo, bese kuba nento enjengendlwana eyenziwe ngezigxobo kanye namagatsha enziwe phezu komsele. Ngokufanelekile, umthamo we-hut enjalo (indawo yokukhosela) kufanele ulingane cishe nengxenye yesithathu yethamo lomgodi lapho amazambane elele khona, lokhu kuyadingeka ekuvuseleleni ngokuphelele kwezilimo eziyizigaxa.
Uhlaka olwenziwe ngokhuni, noma iqhubu, okulula ukulisebenzisa, kufanele ulimboze ngesendlalelo sotshani esingamasentimitha amasentimitha, bese uthelela amasentimitha ayi-15 omhlabathi oxegayo, usakaze phezulu kwezimpande. Amaphethelo, akhiwe ngokuqinile endaweni enjalo, adinga ukuxhunywa ngokuqinile ngotshani futhi afafazwe ngenhlabathi evulekile, ihlanganiswe nefosholo.
Le ndlela yokubeka ilungile ngoba awudingi ukuphatha amazambane embewu noma kukuphi, futhi okususa ukuthi lapho ufika endlini encane, ungabona ama-tubers abolile, noma abolile ngokwengxenye, noma ... ukungabi bikho kwawo ngokuphelele esizeni.
Yilokho kuphela esifuna ukukutshela ngakho kulesi sihloko, uma unemibuzo, ngicela ubuze.
