Isikhathi sokufakwa yisikhathi esibalulekile, udinga ukulawula izinga lokushisa nomswakama nsuku zonke, kanye ne-ventilate efike ngesikhathi bese uguqula amaqanda. Abaqalayo besatshiswa yilomthwalo, ngakho-ke, bethula isethi yemithetho echaza ukuhoxiswa kwezinkukhu kwi-incubator ekhaya. Uyacelwa ukuthi uqaphele ukuthi zonke izincomo ziyabopha, ngaphandle kwalokho amanye amantshontsho azofa ihlumela.
Ukukhetha kweqanda
Impumelelo kwebhizinisi incike kuphela kwimizamo yomnikazi, kepha futhi nekhwalithi yamaqanda. Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokuzala kahle izinkukhu ku-incubator, naka ukukhetha kwazo. Kuyamangaza ukuthi inqubo yokuzalanisa izinkukhu kufanele iqale ngenkukhu. Ngempela, kufanele uqiniseke ukuthi akaguli lutho futhi akanazo izifo zofuzo. Ngaphandle kwalokho, izakhi zofuzo nazo zizophulwa. Ngokulandelayo, naka amaqanda, izinkomba zekhwalithi zimi ngokulandelayo:
- ukunganambitheki, ukuphambuka okungenzeka - isikhunta, i-pungent, amagilebhisi, i-putrid neminye iphunga;
- ukuvuselelwa - ngokuphila eshalofini kwezinsuku ezingeqile kwezinsuku ezingama-5-7;
- isitoreji esifanele - emazingeni okushisa angekho ngaphansi kuka-12-12 C, labo abebesiqandisini kufanele balahlwe;
- ukwakheka okuhle - amaqanda enkukhu, lokhu kuyindlela yokusaqanda kancane encishisiwe uhlangothi olulodwa, ngaphandle kokukhula, ukubekeka phansi. I-Spherical noma ende kakhulu nayo ingaphansi komshado;
- akukho monakalo - hlola ngokucophelela igobolondo ukuze uthole imifantu no dents, amabala angcolile omisiwe avumelekile kuphela ngamanani amancane;
- isisindo esifanele (50-60 g) - amaphuphu amancane ahlala aqhamuka amancane, futhi amakhulu aqhamuka nezinsimbi ezimbili.
Igobolondo leqanda likhululeke kangangokuba umoya ungena kulo, futhi ube ne-microflora yalo. Ungalokothi ugeze noma usule amaqanda.
Lapho ubheka amaqanda, kufanele ahlolwe ngedivayisi ekhethekile - i-ovoscope. Lapho kudlulela, naka umehluko kumithunzi yokuqukethwe. Udinga ukuthola i-yolk negumbi lomoya. I-yolk kufanele ibe phakathi nendawo noma isondele kancane ekugcineni. Awukwazi ukuthatha iqanda lapho i-yolk isondele khona ngaphakathi kwegobolondo. Igumbi lomoya kufanele libe semaphethelweni afiphele. Umthamo ojwayelekile wayo unethisipuni. Iqanda elinegumbi lomoya elincane alilingani.
Inesici
Ngesikhathi sokukhethwa, kanye nangesikhathi sezinkukhu ku-incubator ekhaya, kuyadingeka ukuhlola okuqukethwe nokulahla amaqanda ngama-pathologies wokukhula. Ngaphambi kokufuya izinkukhu ku-incubator, khumbula ukungahambisani okungenzeka ekuvuthweni kombungu.
Amabala
Imvamisa kuvela ngaphansi kwegobolondo, kubangelwa amagciwane ahlukahlukene. Izikhala zingaba nemithunzi nosayizi ahlukahlukene.
Bacterial cuff
Izinhlobo eziningi zamabhaktheriya abeka izinto ezingasebenzi kahle, lapho amaphrotheni anokudla bese eba luhlaza okotshani. Iqanda liyi-opaque.
Umile
Ngalesi sifo, isikhupha siphuma futhi somile ngaphakathi kwegobolondo. Iqanda lingaba nephunga le-pungent.
Ibala legazi
Kulokhu, ama-inclusions egazi akhona phezu kwe-yolk noma kwiprotheni.
I-Krasyuk
Ngama-ovoscopy, okuqukethwe kubukeka kufana ne-tint ebomvu. I-yolk negumbi lomoya akubonakali.
Choke
I-Pathology iba ngemuva kokulimala kolwelwesi lwamagobolondo ngesikhathi sokugcina isikhathi esingaphezu kosuku olulodwa.
Kunoma ikuphi kwalawa ma-pathologies, iqanda kufanele lilahlwe; akunakwenzeka ukuthi ulithose noma ulipheke ukuze lingene.
Isikhathi sokufakwa
Kusukela lapho amaqanda ebekwa, ukufakwa kwawo kuqala. Isikhathi sokufakwayo siphela ngemuva kokulunywa yisidleke sokugcina. Ukuzalelwa kwezinkukhu ku-incubator kuhlukile ngokuqanduselwa kwama-goslings ngezikhathi zokufakwa, ukugcina izinga lokushisa kanye nomswakama.
Ukufaka amaqanda ku-incubator
Ngaphambi kokushiya amaqanda ku-incubator ekhaya, uwalungiselele kanye negumbi le-incubator. Igumbi langaphakathi ledivaysi lihlanzeke ngokuphelele futhi lingene ngaphakathi. Ngenkathi ulungiselela isishutheka sokuqhanyelwa ekhaya, kungcono ukushiya amaqanda endaweni yokushisa yasekamelweni amahora angu-8 ukuze ashe kancane kancane futhi ngokulinganayo. Kungcono ukuthi umaka ukuphela okukhanyayo futhi okubukhali ngepensela usebenzisa isiphambano noma zero. Lokhu kuzosiza ngokulawula ukuguqula imboni.
Lawula izimo zokufakwa ngaphakathi
Izinga lokushisa nomswakama ku-incubator yenkukhu kumele ligadwe njalo ngehora. Noma ushintsho oluncane (0.5-1 ° C) luzokwehlisa ukukhula noma ukufa kwemibungu. Ngemuva kokulayisha amaqanda, izinga lokushisa kufanele likhuphukele kuma-37 ° C ngamahora angama-3-4. Kuyo yonke inkathi yokufuduka, izinga lokushisa kanye nomswakama lizoshintsha kaningana.
Ishedyuli yokufakwa
Ukuvuthwa kwemibungu kuhlukaniswe izigaba ezi-4, anikezwa kafushane kutafula lokufakwa kwamaqanda enkukhu ku-incubator.
Isigaba 1 - kusuka ezinsukwini ezi-1 kuye kwezingu-7. Inhliziyo, uhlelo lokujikeleza kweziqalo kanye nokuqala kwezitho zangaphakathi kwakhiwa. Ukudayiswa akudingeki ngalesi sikhathi, kepha lapho kuphela umbungu usudinga umoya-mpilo. Izinga lokushisa elilungile kakhulu lingu-37.8 ° C. Umswakama ugcinwa esifundeni sama-55%. Amaqanda adinga ukushintshwa njalo ngamahora ayi-6, okungukuthi, izikhathi ezi-4 ngosuku. Ngaso leso sikhathi, kunconywa kakhulu ukuthi ungavuli i-incubator.
Kungcono ukuhlomisa isishushube ngesitreyi ngokujikisa kweqanda okuzenzakalelayo.
Isigaba 2 - kusuka ezinsukwini eziyi-8 kuye kwezingu-14. Ngalesi sikhathi, ithambo nomqhomo kwakhiwa embungu. Izinga lokushisa liyafana nasesikhathini esedlule, kepha umswakama uncishiswa ngokuhamba kwezinsuku ezi-3-4 ukuya kuma-45%. Shintsha ukuma kwamaqanda njalo emahoreni ama-4 - amahlandla ama-6 ngosuku. Kuyadingeka futhi nokunikeza amaqanda umoya-mpilo, lokhu kufanele kwenziwe izikhathi ezi-2 ngosuku imizuzu emi-5.
Isigaba 3 - kusuka ezinsukwini eziyi-15 kuye kwezingu-18. Guqula amaqanda futhi izikhathi ezi-6 ngosuku, ngenkathi i-airing inyuswa ibe yimizuzu eyi-15 ukuya ku-20, futhi izikhathi ezi-2 ngosuku. Umswakama ukhushulwa waba ngu-50%, izinga lokushisa lenziwa ngokufana. Ekupheleni kwesikhathi, ngokubopha okuphumelelayo, izinkukhu ziqala ukwenza imisindo engacacile futhi ziphendukele eqandeni.
Isigaba 4 - kusuka ezinsukwini eziyi-19 kuye kwezingu-21. Okokuqala, bayayeka ukuguqula amaqanda ngaphezulu, izinkukhu ziqinile ngokwanele futhi zizenzela ngokwazo. Yehlisa isikhathi sokufaka umoya kuze kube imizuzu emi-5 kabili ngosuku. Umswakama ukhuphuka waba ngu-65%, izinga lokushisa lehliselwa ku-37.3 ° C. Ekupheleni kwalesi sikhathi, ukuqandelwa kwezinkukhu kwenzeka ku-incubator.
Uma ulandela yonke imithetho efakwe kuhlu futhi uqapha ukusebenza kwamadivaysi, khona-ke ama-brood azoba amaningi. Kumaqanda amancane, amachwane angawokuqala ukukhethwa. Ngemuva kokuqunjelwa, amaphuphu avunyelwe ukuba ome, athole amandla, emva kwalokho izinkukhu ezivela ku-incubator zihanjiswa ngaphansi kwesikhukhukazi noma i-heater. Izimo ezikuwo awalungele amaphuphu. Ngemuva kokudonswa wonke amantshontsho, isisulu esihlanzayo siyahlanzwa futhi sibulale magciwane.
Ukulawula kanye nezinkinga ezingaba khona
Ngisho nabangenisi bekhwalithi ephezulu kakhulu kanye nabanikazi abanomthwalo wemfanelo abaphephile eziphuthumayo. Ukuze uzivikele wena kanye namaqanda akho ekuphethweni kwamandla, thenga izifakwamanzi ngomthombo wamandla we-spare. Uma inzalo idonsa ngokweqile, udinga ukuvula isikhashana i-incubator bese upholisa amaqanda. Nge-hypothermia, ungamboza ikhamera amahora angama-2-3 ngama-hitha amanzi ashisayo. Ukushintshashintsha kancane kwesilinganiso sokushisa nomswakama ngeke kulimaze omncane, kepha zonke lezi zinqubo kufanele zenziwe ngokushesha.
Vele, kufanele ulandele isheduli yokuqokwa kwamaqanda, futhi futhi kudingeka ubheke ngokucophelela ukuthi zingaki izinsuku izinkukhu zibanjiwe kufakwe. Iziphambano nezinzwane kumaqanda kufanele kusize ekuguqukeni ekuguquleni amaqanda.
Kuyadingeka futhi ukulawula ukuthuthukiswa kwezinkukhu usebenzisa ama-ovoscopy. Wonke amaqanda angenaphutha kufanele alahlwe ngokushesha. Ukuhlolwa kwe-Screening kunconywa ngosuku lwe-6 nolwe-11. Ngosuku lwesithupha, imithambo yegazi nenhliziyo kufanele kubonakale. Ngosuku lweshumi nanye, iqanda ohlangothini olubi kufanele lube mnyama.
