Izitshalo ze-Herbaceous ezifana tillandsia (Tillandsia) kuyathakazelisa futhi kuyathandwa kwezimbali zasekhaya. Kuhlobene ngqo nomndeni we-bromeliad. Lolu hlobo luhlanganisa izinhlobo zezitshalo ezingama-500. Endle, zingahlangatshezwa esifundeni esishisayo nasezindaweni ezishisayo zaseNingizimu Melika kanye naseMelika Ephakathi. Izitshalo ezinjalo zithanda ukutshala ezindaweni ezigudle ugu, emahlathini omanzi, futhi nasemithambekeni yezintaba, lapho kunesilinganiso esifanele semvula.
ITillandsia kudala yathandwa kakhulu ngabo bobabili abalimi abangama-amateur nama-florists abangochwepheshe. Iqiniso ngukuthi kulolu hlobo lwezinhlobo kukhona izitshalo zamafomu angaziwa kakhulu futhi anamabala, kanye namabala. Ngakho-ke, kunezitshalo ezifana nebhola lentambo, intshebe yesiliva, isixha sezimpaphe, kanye nama-spikelets ezinhlamvu.
Akhula adeandsia, njengama-epiphytes. Ukuzibeka, i-driftwood noma inhlabathi evundile kakhulu, equkethe i-moss kanye namagxolo esihlahla, kufanelekile Uhlelo lwezimpande kulolu hlobo lwezitshalo ludlala indima yokulungisa, ngakho-ke nalo lunamathele emagxolweni esihlahla noma ku-Driftwood. Umswakama odingekayo ekukhuleni okujwayelekile kanye nentuthuko, kanye nawo wonke umsoco awuthola emoyeni. Kulokhu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlinzeka isitshalo ngomswakama womoya ophakeme.
ITillandsia cishe ayinakwenzeka ukuyichaza, ngoba ukubukeka kwayo kuhluke kakhulu.
Kodwa-ke, zonke lezi zitshalo zihlanganiswe ngamaqembu ama-2:
Tillandsia grey noma umkhathi
Lezi zitshalo cishe azinazimpande, futhi amaqabunga awo alukhuni ambozwe ngokuphelele esikalini, ngenxa yokuthi amahlamvu athola itshephusi elingwephuzi. Ngokwemvelo, zithanda ukukhula emithini esihlahleni esingaphezulu sehlathi.
I-Tillandsia iluhlaza noma ibunjiwe
Banokubonakala kwezitshalo ezijwayelekile ezikhule ngaphakathi ezindlini. Amaqabunga awo aqoqwe ngotshani, futhi angadonswa ngobunxantathu noma ngokuqondile. Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, akhetha ukukhula ngaphansi kwesihlahla sehlathi esingaphansi komhlaba noma ezihlahleni eziwile. Khula ezindaweni ezinomthunzi. Futhi lezi zitshalo zithandwa kakhulu ngenxa yama-inflorescence awo angenasici okhexekile.
Phakathi kwama-tillandsia athandwa kakhulu, akhule ngaphakathi ezindlini, ama-inflorescence ayisidlanzana somugqa emibili. Ukwahlukanisa okuyinkimbinkimbi, kanye nama-inflorescence alula, ahlanganisa i-spike eminingana noma eyodwa, okungaxhunyiwe noma okuminyene kakhulu. Imvamisa, amasampula atholakala ngendlela yama-tile noma evulekile. I-Grey tillandsia ine-inflorescence encishisiwe futhi yinye kuphela imbali ebonakala ngokucacile.
Tillandsia ukunakekelwa kwasekhaya
Ukuze uqonde uhlobo lwalesi noma i-tillandsia, kubalulekile ukunaka ukuthi kuthengiswa kanjani. Ngakho-ke, izinhlobo zezidalwa zasemhlabeni zidayiswa ezimbizeni, lapho amaqabunga embozwe kuphela ngesikali noma luhlaza okotshani. Endle, izitshalo ezinjalo zithanda ukukhula emgqonyeni wamahlathi ashisayo, kanye nakuwo imfucumfucu eyenziwe ngezinto eziphilayo. Imvamisa ikhula ezimbizeni ezigcwaliswe nge-substrate ekhethekile enesakhiwo esisele. Abalimi abaningi bezimbali bazikhulisa ngama-florariums noma emabhodleleni. I-Atmospheric tillandsia enamahlamvu ansundu awudingi mhlaba wokukhula. Futhi ungathenga izitshalo ezinjalo ngesimo sendlela yokuhlobisa lapho zinamathiselwe khona engxenyeni yegxolo, ingxenye yesiqu sesihlahla noma etsheni.
Imodi yokushisa
Bathanda ngemfudumalo. Ngakho-ke, ehlobo, lizizwa lihle kakhulu emazingeni okushisa egumbi, futhi ebusika - kudingeka izinga lokushisa lama-18 kuya kwangu-21 degrees. Kunezinhlobo eziningi ezikhula ngokujwayelekile kumadigri ayi-12-14. Ochwepheshe beluleka ukwenza izinga lokushisa lesikhathi sasemini liphakeme kancane kunesikhathi sobusuku. Ngakho-ke, ngenkathi efudumele, izinga lokushisa lasebusuku kufanele libe cishe ama-15-16 degrees. Zama ukuvikela lesi sitshalo ekushintsheni okungazelelwe kwezinga lokushisa, nakuhlaka olubandayo.
I-Grey tillandsia ayiyona i-thermophilic. Ebusika, kunconywa ukuthi zigcinwe emazingeni okushisa ayi-14 kuya kwayi-18 degrees. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ukubheka phakathi kuka-Okthoba nezinsuku zokugcina zikaJanuwari, ngoba ngalesi sikhathi kunokuncipha okukhulu kokukhanya.
Ukukhanya
Grey tillandsia, enamaqabunga amaqabunga aqine, adinga ukukhanya kwelanga. Kodwa-ke, badinga ukukhanya kwelanga kusihlwa noma ilanga lasekuseni. Kulokhu, kunconywa ukuthi kubekwe efasiteleni lewindi elisenyakatho nentshonalanga noma empumalanga yegumbi. Izinhlobo ezinamaqabunga aluhlaza noma aluhlaza zithanda ukwakheka ezindaweni ezinombala omncane. Ngakho-ke, badinga indawo ekhanyiselwe kahle lapho ukukhanya kwelanga kungangeni khona. Bancamela ukukhanya okugqamile.
Iqiniso ngukuthi emahlathini emvula kukhona ilanga elikhanyayo impela futhi izitshalo ezitholakala ngisho nasendaweni ephansi zithola isibalo esikhulu sokukhanya. Esikhathini sekwindla-ebusika, lesi sitshalo sinconyelwa ukuthuthelwa endaweni ekhanyiselwe kakhudlwana, ngakho-ke, ngalokhu, ukufakwa kwewindows entshonalanga noma mpumalanga kufanelekile.
Umswakama
Ukuze i-tillandsia ikhule futhi ikhule ngendlela ejwayelekile, idinga umswakama ophezulu (ukusuka kumaphesenti angama-65 kuye kwangama-85, kepha hhayi ngaphansi kwamaphesenti angama-60). Ukuze ufafaze sebenzisa kuphela amanzi afudumele namanzi athambile. Njengoba lesi sitshalo sithatha umswakama ngqo emoyeni, umswakama owandayo kufanele unikezwe. Ebusika, lapho umoya womile kakhulu egumbini ngenxa yokushisa, kunconywa ukubeka iTillandsia eflorarium ekhethekile, lapho kuzoba lula khona ukunikeza umswakama odingekayo.
Ungaphuzisa kanjani
Noma yiziphi izinhlobo zezitshalo ezinjalo kufanele ziniselwe ngokuntywilisela ngokuphelele isitshalo emanzini afudumele noma ngokufafaza okuningi. Ngakho-ke, ngenkathi efudumele, le nqubo yenziwa isikhathi esingu-1 ngosuku, futhi ekwindla bese isentwasa kancane. Ebusika, i-tillandsia kufanele inisele kangaki kuncike ngqo ekushiseni komoya. Ngakho-ke, uma igumbi lifudumele futhi kukhona ukukhanya okuhle, khona-ke ukuthambisa kwenziwa 1 ngosuku ngosuku, futhi egumbini elipholile kufanele liniselwe kaningi.
Ukusunduza amaqabunga eceleni kwithambo eliphakathi ne -hubhu kukhombisa ukuthi lesi sitshalo asinakho umswakama futhi kufanele sicwiliswe emanzini okungenani amahora ama-3 noma amane (amanzi kufanele abe ngaphansi kwamazinga okushisa egumbini).
Qikelela ukuthi ungagxili uketshezi enkabeni yokuphuma ngesikhathi Ukunisela. Kufanele ihwamuke ngokuphelele ngemuva kwamahora ama-2 noma ukuvuza.
Kuyadingeka ukunisela ngamanzi athambile, acwebile kancane (pH cishe ngo-6.5), lapho kungekho khona i-chlorine. Ngakho-ke, amanzi abilisiwe, emvula noma ancibilikisiwe alungele lokhu.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Lezi izitshalo ezikhula kancane futhi azidingi umanyolo omningi. Izinhlobo zeRosette ngesikhathi sokukhula ngamandla zondliwa isikhathi esingu-1 emavikini ama-4, kusetshenziswa umanyolo owuketshezi we-bromilea kulokhu. Lezo zinhlobo zasemkhathini ezikhula kugxolo empeleni azihlanganisi, ngoba amagxolo ahamba kancane kancane azinikeza izakhi zomzimba.
Awukwazi ukusebenzisa umanyolo ojwayelekile wokugqoka ngaphezulu. Ngakho-ke, inani elikhulu le-nitrogen lingabhubhisa i-tillandsia. Futhi futhi awukwazi ukusebenzisa i-organics, ngokwesibonelo: ukumiliselwa kwe-humus, i-urea noma i-mullein (noma kumthamo omncane).
Ukugqoka okuphezulu kwenziwa ngale ndlela elandelayo - kuketshezi lokunisela ngokucwiliswa noma ukufafazwa, umthamo ofunekayo womanyolo uyachithwa.
Inani elikhulu le-tillandsia liyakwazi ukuhlanza umoya wezinto eziyingozi, okuthi uma selungeniwe, ukubola, zinikeze isitshalo izinto ezidingekayo zokulandela.
Ungashintsha kanjani
Isitshalo esisanda kutholwa kumele sitshalwe kabusha. Kodwa-ke, uma sele enayo i-peduncle, khona-ke lokhu akufanele kwenziwe, ngoba ekugcineni kokuqhakaza, isitshalo somama siyafa, ngenkathi sinikeza inzalo.
Esitolo, lesi sitshalo singatshalwa endaweni engaphansi, noma kunalokho ebhodweni eligcwele Peat. Futhi ingathengiswa ixazululwe ebusweni be-cortex ngaphandle kwe-substrate.
Endle, izinhlobo eziluhlaza zithanda ukungakhuli emhlabathini, kepha ematsheni ama-mossy, ezihlahleni noma iziqu zemithi. Ngakho-ke, ukufakelwa, sebenzisa izingcezu ezinkulu zamagxolo (amasentimitha angu-1-2) noma ingxube equkethe i-acadama (granrate yobumba esetshenziselwa ukukhula i-bonsai) kanye namagxolo. I-Ceramis granrate nayo ingasetshenziswa. Amatshe ayimifula nomfula kakhukhunathi angangezelelwa kule ngxube. Emhlabathini olula, i-rots yesitshalo. Imbiza isetshenziswa ngosayizi omncane kakhulu, futhi izimpande ezivelayo zingancishiswa.
Izinhlobo ze-Atmospheric zinamathele emabhulokini enziwe ngokhuni angakatholakali, azwayo, izigaxa noma ukhukhamba kakhukhunathi. Zivame ukufakwa emiphazili noma endishini eyisicaba, uketshezi olungangeni ngaphakathi noma okhipha ngokushesha. Lapho i-tillandsia isemanzini isikhathi eside, ingabola. Lapho unisela ngokucwiliswa kuketshezi, akunakwenzeka ukususa isitshalo esisekelweni, ngoba singalimala. Abatshali bezimbali abanolwazi bacebisa ukunamathisela isitshalo, kusetshenziswa ithoni elithambile, endaweni encane kakhulu (ucezu lwamagxolo), olungasuswa kalula. Bese uyilengisa emgodleni.
Izindlela zokuzala
Ingasakazwa ngamachilo endodakazi noma ngembewu. Ukubonakala kwezingane kwenzeka ekugcineni kwenkathi yezimbali. Ngakho-ke, kwisitshalo somama esingu-1, izingcezu ezi-3 kuya kweziyisishiyagalombili zamalokoti endodakazi angakhula. Esimweni lapho zingahlukaniswa, izitshalo zikhula ngobubanzi futhi zakha ikhethini ebanzi ngokulinganayo. Ukwahlukanisa, izingane ezinobubanzi bawo obungamasentimitha angama-6-8 zilungile.
Ngokuqondene ne-tillandsia, sibona ukuthi amahlumela ayo anganqunywa kunoma yisiphi isayizi bese eboshelwa kokuthile.
Ukubuyekezwa kwevidiyo
Izinhlobo eziphambili ze-tillandsii
I-greyandandia ejwayelekile kakhulu
I-Tillandsia Gardener (Tillandsia gardneri)
Lesi sitshalo sinendawo yokuphuma enkulu enkulu. Amaqabunga awo asongwe, ahlanganisiwe asiza isitshalo ukuthola umswakama, siqoqe amazolo futhi sibalekise inkungu, adonsela amaconsi phansi kwesiqu. Kukhona umswakama obanjwayo.
Isiliva leTillandsia (Tillandsia argentea)
Lesi sitshalo se-epiphytic sinamaqabunga amancanyana abanzi eduze kwesisekelo. Lawa maqabunga agobile futhi ahamba ngokungahleli kude nesisekelo.
I-Tillandsia calyx (Tillandsia juncea)
Lesi sitshalo yi-epiphyte. Unokuthuka okubandakanya amaqabunga omhlanga akha irosette elivuthayo. Amahlamvu angafinyelela ubude obungamasentimitha angama-25 kuye kwangama-50. Lapho inkathi yezimbali iqala, lesi sitshalo sivela sibonisa isikhathi eside futhi simangalisa kakhulu, sipendwe ngombala obomvu, kanti nezimbali zaso ezibubende zincane kakhulu.
I-Tillandsia usneoides (Tillandsia usneoides)
Le yinhlobo ethandwa kakhulu, ebizwa nangokuthi "intshebe endala" noma "Spanish moss." Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, lesi sitshalo sithande izindawo ezinokhanyo kahle noma umthunzi oyingxenye. Inamahlumela amancane kakhulu, ubude bawo bungaba amamitha ambalwa. Incwajana ezinemidwebo ebanzi ifinyelela amasentimitha angu-0,1 kuphela, futhi ubude - amasentimitha ayi-5. Zihlelwe ngemigqa emibili. Phezu kwamaqabunga kanye namahlumela kukhona isikali esikhulu, ngenxa yalokho bathola i-tint grey. Uhlelo lwezimpande lungekho. ITillandsia ilenga esihlahleni kuvulandi omangalisayo weziqu ezinde. Ekhaya, bakhula kunoma yikuphi ukusekelwa, uma nje isitshalo singakhula phansi. Ehlobo, izimbali eziluhlaza ophuzi ziyaqhakaza, kepha azifanekiseli inani lokuhlobisa.
I-Tillandsia violet (Tillandsia ionantha)
Le epiphyte iyakwazi ukunamathisela cishe kunoma yini, futhi ikhula ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene. Amapheshana egobekile, aqoqiwe aqoqiwe kuzinhlamvu ezincane, ezincane. Amaqabunga ehlobo aba bomvu. Ayizange ibe nama-inflorescence amakhulu kakhulu amise okomhluko, apende ngombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
I-Tillandsia "iNhloko ye-jellyfish" (Tillandsia caput-medusae)
Le yinhlobo ethandwa kakhulu evame ukutshalwa ekhaya. Uvezwa amandla akhe. Inesimo esingajwayelekile, sifana ne-bulb enezisekelo eziqinile zephepha. Ziguqa ezinhlangothini kuphela lapho kunezihlokwana. Imvamisa, indawo ethengisa amaqabunga ilenga phansi. Ama-inflorescence omise okomunwe noma owenziwe ngokugqamile anemibala ebomvu. Ngobude, izimbali ezimbubende zifinyelela amamamilimitha angama-32.
I-tillandsia ejwayelekile kakhulu eluhlaza
I-Tillandsia Duyer (Tillandsia dyayeza)
Isitshalo esihle kakhulu yi-epiphyte, enama-inflorescence amahle kakhulu. Amabhuleki abomvu obomvu. Izimbali zenzeka ehlobo. I-inflorescence, emise okomhloshana futhi inamathele kwi-petiole ende, ikhula isuka maphakathi nendawo okuphuma kuyo.
I-Tillandsia eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (Tillandsia cyanea)
Lesi sitshalo singathengwa cishe kuzo zonke izimbali zezimbali. Amaqabunga agobekile, acashile aqoqwe kusokisi, futhi ngobude afinyelela amasentimitha angama-30. Esisekelweni zipendwe ngombala onsundu. Phezu kweshidi kunamachashaza amaningi amancanyana anwebile ngokwanele komunye nomunye. Izimbali zibonwa ehlobo. Kuvela isipikili esiminyene sesimo se-elliptical. Amabhulashi apendwe nge-lilac noma epinki, nezimbali ezincane eziqhakaza emaphethelweni azo, zinombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma opinki. Ukuqhakaza kwezimbali kwenzeka kancane kancane futhi kuqala kusuka phezulu.
Tillandsia lindenii
Ifana kakhulu ne-tillandsia eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ine-inflorescence enkulu, kanye nombala wama-bracts. Kuma-inflorescence agcwele obomvu noma opinki okhanyayo, kanti izimbali zipendwe ngombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka futhi zinamehlo amhlophe.
