Eminyakeni embalwa edlule, ngisho nalawo aqhelelene nokufuya izilwane aye afunda ngokuba khona kwesinye sezifo zezilwane ezifuywayo. Lokhu kungumkhuhlane wezingulube wase-Afrika oye wacwilisa ezinye izifo.
Ngempela, lokhu kugula, okubulala izilwane ezifuywayo, akukakwazi ukwelashwa. Ngenhlanhla, ayingozi kubantu. Kepha kunezifo eziningi ezisongela hhayi lezi zilwane kuphela, kepha nomuntu ozizinakekelayo noma odla inyama nenqolobane engcolile. Ukwazi kwezindlela zokwelashwa kwezifo zezingulube, izimpawu zazo nezindlela zokuvimbela kuzovikela abanini khaya nabathengi abajwayelekile engozini enkulu.
Umkhuhlane wezingulube zase-Afrika
Imininingwane yokuqala ngalesi sifo eRussia yavela ngonyaka ka-2008. Ngenxa yesivinini esikhulu sokubhebhetheka, ukungabikhona kwale ndlela ephumelelayo yokwelashwa nemijovo evimbela ukwanda kokutheleleka ngegciwane, lesi sifo sezingulube singadala ingozi enkulu kakhulu emfuyweni.
Hhayi nje kuphela ukuthi imbandezelo yengulube yase-Afrika ayithinteki nje kuphela ezifuywayo kepha nezinhlobo zasendle, lesi sifo sithinta zonke izinhlobo nezinhlobo zeminyaka futhi sisakazeka ebusika nasehlobo. Isikhathi esingaphansi kwesonto kwesinye isikhathi sidlula kusukela ngesikhathi kungena isifo emzimbeni wengulube ngaphambi kokufa. Futhi leli gciwane elihanjiswa endaweni yangaphandle ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle lingahlala lisebenza kuze kube yiminyaka eminingana. Ukubhubhisa i-pathogen kuphela:
- ukwelashwa okushisa kumazinga okushisa angaphezu kuka-60 ° C;
- ukwelashwa okuphelele kwazo zonke izingaphezulu ngamalungiselelo aqukethe i-chlorine noma i-formalin.
Kubantu, leli gciwane alibeki ingozi ngokushesha, kepha abasebenzi abasebenza epulazini, kanye nezinyoni ezifuywayo nezasendle, amagundane, amagundane, nezinye izilwane ezibanjwe emidwedweni nakwezingulube, kungasabalalisa isifo esibulalayo. Kulokhu, ukutheleleka nge-African swine fever kwenzeka:
- ngokuxhumana ngqo nesilwane esinegciwane noma esivele sigula;
- ngokudla okungakenzeli ukwelashwa kokushisa, noma ukuphuza amanzi;
- lapho usebenzisa izindawo zokuhamba imfuyo egulayo noma imishini ejwayelekile;
- ngokuthintana nezidumbu zezilwane eziye zavela kuleligciwane.
Ngemuva kokutheleleka, izilwane zizothola ukufa okusondele, futhi abantu abasindayo baba ngabathwali besifo sonke sempilo.
Ukuxilongwa kwesifo sengulube kungasuselwa kumasampula aqoqiwe kanye nokuhlaziywa. Uma ukutholwa kuqinisekisiwe, ukwehlukaniswa yedwa kungeniswa epulazini nasesifundeni saso, ukwelashwa akwenziwa, futhi izilwane ziyabhujiswa.
Classical swine fever
Ngaphezu kwezinhlobo zase-Afrika, kukhona umkhuhlane wezingulube zakudala, othi, unikezwe igama elijwayelekile, uhlukile kuzo zombili izimbangela zesifo nezimpawu. Lesi sifo futhi sinemvelo yegciwane kanye nemithombo ehlobene nokutheleleka.
Izimpawu eziphambili zomkhuhlane wengulube zifaka:
- umkhuhlane;
- ukunganaki, ukulahleka komsebenzi kanye nesifiso sokudla;
- ubomvu, bese kukhipha i-purulent noma ngomkhondo we-mucus wegazi;
- ukubonakala kwamabala abomvu esikhunjeni, kanye nokuqhuma.
Ekwelapheni umkhuhlane we-swical fever, kusetshenziswa amasamu akhethekile, kepha ukusetshenziswa kokuqala kwemithi yokugoma evikela imfuyo yabantu abadala kanye nezilwane ezincane ezifweni eziyingozi kusebenza kakhulu.
Izindlela zokuvimbela ezinganciphisa kakhulu ingozi yokusabalala kokutheleleka kuzo zombili izingulube zase-Afrika nasejwayelekile ezihlangene ezihambisana nokugcina isimo sokuhlanzeka kwengulube nokuhamba.
Izilwane kufanele zigcinwe ezindaweni ezihlanzekile, ezinomoya omuhle, zithola ukudla okufakazelwe namanzi ahlanzekile, futhi zingathintani nabantu ongabazi, amagundane nezinyoni. Lapho kuvela izimpawu ezisolisayo kumuntu ngamunye, zihlukaniswa ngokushesha.
Pasteurellosis yezingulube
I-hemorrhagic septicemia noma ingulube pasteurellosis iyingozi hhayi ezilwaneni ezifuywayo kuphela, kodwa nakubantu. Imvamisa, lesi sifo siqoshwa emapulazini lapho imfuyo igcinwa khona ezibayeni ezixineneyo.
Kepha ukutheleleka kwezingulube zemvelo yamagciwane nalesi sifo kuyacaphukisa hhayi ukukhala kuphela. Imithombo yokutheleleka yile:
- abagulayo abalethwe bevela kweminye imikhaya;
- ukungondleki ngenxa yokudla okungenampilo;
- kwanda umswakama ku-pigsty;
- ukondla, amanzi, imfucumfucu, imishini nomhlabathi, onembewe ngamagciwane;
- izinambuzane kanye namagundane.
Abantu abagulayo nabasindile basalokhu bengabathwali bokutheleleka, bakhipha i-ejenti ebangelwe yi-pasteurellosis yengulube imise imvelo ngamachaphaza, amathe, umchamo nomoya ophelelwe yisikhathi.
Izimpawu zesifo zivele kungakapheli amasonto amabili isifo sithekile. Inkambo yalesi sifo iyahlukahluka kusuka kokuphakeme kakhulu kuya kokungamahlalakhona, kuya ngokuthi ukubonakaliswa kwe-pasteurellosis yengulube kanye nesikhathi salesi sifo kungashintsha. Imvamisa izilwane ziyafa ngezinsuku ezi-1-8, kepha ngesithombe esingapheli ziphila isikhathi eside.
Izimpawu zalesi sifo zibandakanya:
- ukukhuphuka kokushisa komzimba kuye ku-41 ° C;
- ukuphefumula, izinkomba zokuphefumula;
- ukulahleka kwesifiso, ukudangala;
- ukukhwehlela okuqhubeka kukhula nge-mucus nokuphuma kwawo kusuka ekhaleni;
- ukuqunjelwa esifubeni, esiswini;
- ukuvuvukala.
Ngezimpawu zokuqala zalesi sifo, ama-antibhakthiza asebenza isikhathi eside kanye nensiza ekhethekile asetshenziselwa ukwelapha izingulube.
Ukuze ugweme ukulahleka komhlambi wezingulube, kubalulekile ukugoma kusengaphambili usebenzisa umuthi wokugomela noma amalungiselelo ayinkimbinkimbi aqondiswe kakhulu ngokumelene ne-pasteurellosis yezingulube.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindlela zokuvimbela kufanele zifake:
- ukuhambisana nokuhlukaniswa kwemfuyo uma kuthengwa izilwane ezivela kwamanye amapulazi;
- nokugcina isimo sanhlanzeko sakhiwo, imishini nezindawo zokuhamba;
- ukulwa namagciwane kanye namagundane endaweni yezakhi.
Swine ascariasis
Ngokungafani ne-African swine fever kanye nezinye izifo, i-ascariasis ingukutheleleka okuyingozi kwe-helminth hhayi ezilwaneni kuphela, kodwa nakubantu. Izingulube kusuka ezinyangeni ezintathu kuya kwezinyanga eziyisithupha zihlushwa yisifo. Lapho kutholakala izimpawu zesifo sezingulube, ukwelashwa kunqunywa ngokushesha, ngaphandle kwalokho ipulazi ngeke lilahlekelwe yingxenye yemfuyo enezifo, kodwa futhi kuzonciphisa ukukhiqizwa komhlambi wonke.
Ama-roundworms yizikelemu ezinkulu ezihlukumeza emathunjini amancane, ukutheleleka okuvame ukwenzeka lapho zidla ukudla okungcolile, ngamanzi, ngodoti noma emadlelo. Amaqanda we-pathogen angena endaweni enendawo yokulahlwa kwezilwane ezigulayo angatholakala nomaphi lapho izingulube zikhona. I-Swine ascariasis ayinawo umumo wesizini othile, futhi inomthelela ekusakazeni ukutheleleka:
- imfuyo ephithizelayo;
- ukunganakwa kwemithetho yokuhlanzeka;
- ukungondleki noma ukudla okungenampilo, okuholela ekwenzeni buthaka ukungavikeleki kwesilwane.
Ama-parasites adla kokuqukethwe kwamathumbu, afake ubuthi emzimbeni ubuthi futhi abangela ukulimala okukhulu kulwelwesi lwama-mucous. Uma isifo sikhulile, inani lezibungu ohlelweni lokugaya ingulube lungaba semakhulu.
Izimpawu ze-swine ascariasis ekuqaleni ziyafana nezimpawu ze-pneumonia. Ukukhwehlela kwezilwane, izinga lokushisa kwazo kuyakhuphuka, imisebenzi yazo kanye nesifiso sokudla kuyancipha. Ukubonakaliswa kwendalo kuhamba kancane. Ama-Suckers avame ukuba nokuhlanza, ukukhuphuka kokugaya ukudla, i-saves, ukwenqaba ukudla, ubunzima bokuphefumula. Ukwanda kwenani lezimungulu kusongela ngokuqhuma kwamathumbu kanye ne-peritonitis.
Izingulube zabantu abadala ezine-ascariasis kwifomu elivulekile aziguli, kodwa ziba yimithombo yokutheleleka.
Ukwelashwa kwalesi sifo sezingulube kwenziwa ngosizo lwama-anthelmintic agents, izilwane okufanele zinikezwe ngenhloso yokuzivikela. Ngokuvamile, umsebenzi onjalo wenziwa kabili ngonyaka: ekwindla nasentwasahlobo.
Ukuze ugweme izifo eziningi, kuphoqelekile:
- ukusekela isimo sezilwane kanye nokuhlanzeka kwezindawo zokugcina izingulube;
- qapha ikhwalithi yokuphakelwa, amanzi okuphuza, yokusungula okuhlanzekile, abaphuzayo nabondlayo.
Izingulube zeTrichinosis
Umenzeli we-causative we-pig trichinosis uyingozi encane hhayi ezilwaneni ezifuywayo kuphela, kodwa futhi nakubantu, i-nematode. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi sifo siyingozi kakhulu kubantu ngoba ungatheleleka ngokuzama imikhiqizo yenyama elungiswe esilwaneni esigulayo. Isifo sengulube sibonakaliswa ngu:
- umkhuhlane;
- ukubonakala kwe-edema;
- ukuqubuka esikhunjeni;
- izinqubo zokuvuvukala kwezicubu zemisipha;
- ukubonakaliswa komzimba;
- ushintsho lwe-pathological ohlelweni lwezinzwa.
Izibungu zabadala zitholakala endaweni yamathumbu, futhi izibungu zezinambuzane zitholakala ngaphakathi kwezicubu zomzimba ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa.
Indlela eqinisekisiwe ephumelelayo yokwelashwa kwe-pig trichinosis ayikakhiwa, ngenxa yalokho, lapho kutholakala izimpawu zalesi sifo, izilwane ziya ekuhlatshweni. Ngomonakalo obuthakathaka, inyama iya ukucutshungulwa kwezobuchwepheshe, futhi ngokuqinile, ichithwa ngokuhambisana namazinga okuphepha.
I-cysticercosis yengulube
Esinye isifo esidalwa yi-helminths, i-cysticercosis yengulube senzeka ngaphandle kwezimpawu ezicacile, kepha singathinta izilwane ezifuywayo nezasendle, kanye nabantu.
I-ejenti yokubulala kanye nembangela eyinhloko yalesi sifo yizibungu zenye yethipeworms, ihlangana kakhulu ezingulubeni zezicubu zemisipha yenhliziyo nemithambo, nakubantu endaweni yamehlo nasengqondweni.
Ngenxa yokuntuleka kokwelashwa okusebenzayo nezimpawu zesifo sengulube, ukunakwa okukhulu kuyakhokhelwa ekuvikelweni okuphelele, okuvamile. Ukuze uvimbele izinto ezingcolisiwe ezingonakalisiwe ukuthi zikhiqizwe, kulawulwa inyama ekhethekile kuwo wonke amabhizinisi okufaka inyama. Inyama evela emapulazini asekhaya ingathengiswa kuphela ngemuva kokuhlolwa eziteshini zezilwane.
ISarcoptosis noma ama-itchy scabies ezingulubeni
Lesi sifo esicasulwe ukukhishwa imikhaza ku-genermis sihambisana:
- izinqubo zokuvuvukala esikhunjeni;
- ukuvela kwama-vesicles aqukethe uketshezi kanye ne-foci yokuncishiswa;
- ukulunywa
- ukwakheka kwamaqhubu kanye namagobongo adumile endaweni ethintekile.
Uma ukwelashwa kwalesi sifo kungaqali ezimpawu zokuqala ezingulubeni, izilwane zisengozini yokuqothuka kwezicubu nokufa. Imvamisa, amagciwane we-sarcoptosis yengulube angena esikhunjeni sama-auricles, abese esakaza okunye. Isibalo esikhulu kunazo zonke sezilwane ezinesifo sibonwa eqenjini leminyaka kusuka ezinyangeni ezimbili kuya kweziyi-5, futhi umfuyi onakelayo angabona amasigina ashaqisayo ezinsukwini eziyi-10-14 emva kokutheleleka.
Ezimweni ezisezingeni eliphakeme, ukuqaqeka kwamakhanda ezingulubeni, njengasesithombeni, kuhambisana nezinguquko ezingenakuphinda kuholele ekufeni kwesilwane.
Ukwelashwa kwe-sarcoptosis yengulube kufanele kube ngendlela futhi kuqondakale. Kulokhu, kusetshenziswa ama-ejenti angaphandle, kanye namalungiselelo wokuphathwa komlomo we-intramuscular.
Ukuhlatshwa kwezingulube ezihlaselwe umqubuko we-itchy kungenzeka kuphela ngemuva kokuphela kwesikhathi sokuvalelwa esibekiwe ngokuya ngokwelashwa okukhethiwe.
Ukuvimbela lesi sifo, njengoba kwenzeka nangomkhuhlane wezingulube zase-Afrika nezinye izifo, ukulandela imithetho yezenhlanzeko nenhlanzeko, ukugcina ukuhlanzeka nokuphepha kwezindawo zokugcina nokuhamba kwezilwane.
Izingulube zeParatyphoid
Ukubuza umbuzo: "Ungasiphatha kanjani isisu emalungeni?", Abafuyi abaqalayo abahlali becabanga ukuthi zingaki izifo ezihambisana nalesi sifo esivamile. Enye yezifo ezitholakala kakhulu yi-paratyphoid, ethinta izilwane ezincane ezineminyaka engu-2-6 izinyanga.
Imbangela yalesi sifo ukunganakwa kwabahlwanyelayo kanye nokudla kwesizukulwane esincane. Ngokuya ngokuthi ukubulekela nge-paratyphoid bacillus kwakukubi kangakanani, lesi sifo sitholakala kwifomu elibi noma elingamahlalakhona, kungaholela ekunciphiseni okukhulu noma ekufeni kwezilwane.
Ngokungafani nemfiva yengulube yase-Afrika nezinye izifo ezingalapheki, i-paratyphoid ingalashwa ngama-antibhiliya nama-seramu akhethekile. Futhi for izingulube eneminyaka yobudala eyodwa nengxenye yokugoma inikezwa.
Edema Piglet
Uma izingulube zilunyulwe ngokungafanele kubisi lukamama, zithola ukondliwa okunempilo futhi zigcinwa zisesimweni esingafanele, amapulazi avame ukuhlangana nesinye isifo esiyingozi sezingulube. I-Coli edema ebangelwa i-edema kuma-piglets ihambisana:
- cishe ukuthuthukiswa okusheshayo;
- ukwakheka kwe-edema eminingi yezicubu nezitho zangaphakathi;
- ukulimala kohlelo lwezinzwa.
Izimpawu zesifo ziqala ukubonakala kuphela ezinsukwini ezingama-2-4 ngemuva kokutheleleka futhi zivame ukuvezwa ngokwanda okukhulu kwamazinga okushisa kuya ku-41 ° C. Isimo esisheshayo salesi sifo sezingulube siholela eqinisweni lokuthi abantu abahlaseleka kakhulu bakhubazekile, bathola izinhlungu ezivela ku-edema noma ngabe bathintwe futhi bafa kungakapheli amahora ambalwa.
Ukwelashwa kwesifo esidla izindwani zezingulube kufanele kube kuphuthumayo. Kulokhu, izilwane zinqunyelwe ekudleni amahora angama-12-20 futhi zinikezwa izidakamizwa ze-acidophilic ne-antibacterial njengoba ziyalelwe udokotela wezilwane. Shintsha ekudleni, kufaka phakathi imikhiqizo ye-lactic acid nokudla okumnandi.
