Isitshalo esishisayo esinezimbali ezishisayo i-Ardisia (Ardisia) siyisithunzi se-subfamily Mirsinovye (Myrsinoideae) womndeni Primrose (Primulaceae). Lesi sitshalo ngokwemvelo singatholakala eNingizimu naseNyakatho Melika, e-Australia, e-Asia, naseziqhingini zoLwandlekazi iPacific. Kodwa-ke, ikhetha ukukhula ezindaweni ezishisayo nasezindaweni eziphansi.
Lolu hlobo luhlanganisa izinhlobo zezinhlobo ezingama-500 (ngokusho kwemithombo ethile, izinhlobo ezingama-800). I-Ardizia imelelwa izihlahla, izihlahla nezihlahla. Ngokuthabisako, inhlobo ye-Ardisia japonica ingesinye sezitshalo ezingamakhambi eziyisihlanu eziphambili emithini yendabuko yaseChina. Njengesitshalo sokuhlobisa, izinhlobo ze-Ardisia crenata (i-Ardisia crenata), ezibizwa nangokuthi "Christmas berry" noma "umuthi wamakhorali", zivame ukusetshenziswa.
Izici ardiziya
Ezinhlotsheni eziningi ze-ardisia, amapuleti wesikhumba acwebezelayo acwebile. On the amahlumela, ibekwe ngokuhlukile noma ingxenye ingxenye pseudo-whorls, atholakala amathiphu isiqu. Ngamapuleti eshidi, unqenqemeni lungaqhekeka, luqinile noma lube nesera. Ama-Tubercles kwesinye isikhathi atholakala emaphethelweni amahlamvu, futhi abalimi abaningi bazithatha njengezimpawu zesifo. Kula mabhubhu kukhona ama-bacterius alungisa i-nitrogen-fixing bacteria asiza isihlahla ukuthola i-nitrogen, kanye nezinye izinto eziwusizo eziqukethwe emoyeni. Lokhu kudumba akufuneki kunqunywe noma kulinyazwe, ngoba ngenxa yalokhu, ukukhula kwe-ardisia kuya ngokuya kukhula. Namuhla, ososayensi baphenya inqubo lapho amahlamvu amunca khona izakhi zezitshalo ezahlukahlukene, ngoba izimbali eziningi ezitshalwe ekhaya zidume ngokukhanyisela umoya egumbini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, hhayi esikhathini eside esidlule, ososayensi bathola ukuthi kulesi sitshalo nokunakekelwa kwezimpande kwenzeka ngezimpawu zesikhunta ezine-endomycorrhiza. Kulokhu, kuyadingeka ukuthi udlulise i-Ardisia ngokucophelela kakhulu, usebenzisa indlela yokudluliselwa, ngenkathi uzama ukungalimazi uhlelo lwezimpande, futhi kufanele uluthathe ngenqwaba yomhlaba. Ukuphindisela uhlelo lwezimpande ngamanzi ngesikhathi sokufakelwa kwenqatshelwe. Njengoba lesi sitshalo sinezici ezinjalo, singatshalwa esitsheni esifanayo ngaphandle kwezinguquko iminyaka eminingana.
IPanicle noma isambulela inflorescence siqukethe izimbali ezincane, ezinamathuna angama-4-5 wombala oluhlaza okotshani, kanye ne-corolla yensimbi, enezinhlobo zama-petals ezi-4 noma ezi-5 kanye ne-stamens (zihlala ziningi zazo njengoba kunama-petals).
Ukuhlobisa okukhulu kwesitshalo esinjalo ngezithelo zaso. Ekamelweni i-Ardisia crenata ikhulisa ama-drupes amancane amancane anombala obomvu ogcwele. Izithelo zikhula ngoDisemba futhi zingawa esihlahleni izinyanga eziningana. Uma unakekela i-ardisia kahle, khona-ke izithelo zayo zizoba unyaka wonke.
Nakekela i-ardisia ekhaya
Inani elikhulu lezimbali ezitshalwe ekhaya azenzi izimpande, noma ngabe zinakekelwa kahle. Kodwa-ke, kwesinye isikhathi kuphela lokhu kungenxa yokuthi isitshalo esithengiwe sisezingeni elibi. Futhi njengomthetho, lokhu kungenxa yokuthi imbali isendaweni engafanele yayo.
Ukukhanyisa
I-Ardizia idinga ukukhanya okuningi okukhanyayo, kepha akunconywa ukuba ukukhanya kwelanga ngqo kuvezwe ehlathini. Uma isitshalo simi kufasitela lewindows laseningizimu, khona-ke ehlobo kumele kube nomthunzi. Kulokhu, i-ardiziya kufanele ikhethe iwindi elisendaweni engasempumalanga noma engasentshonalanga yegumbi.
Imodi yokushisa
Lesi sitshalo sasekhaya sikhula kahle emazingeni okushisa asekamelweni elijwayelekile. Ehlobo, izinga lokushisa kufanele libe phakathi kwama-degree angama-18- 26. Ebusika, kunconywa ukuyihlela kabusha endaweni epholile (ukusuka kuma-14 kuye kwangama-16 degrees). Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ebusika kukhona ukubeka i-bud, okwenzeka emazingeni okushisa angama-14 kuye kwangama-18 degrees. Uma ebusika isihlahla sizofudumala, khona-ke ukuqhakaza kungaqali. Ekamelweni elishisayo, amajikijolo omile futhi akhubazeke ngokushesha okukhulu. Noma kunjalo imbali enjalo kufanele ivikelwe ekubhalweni okubandayo.
Umswakama womoya
Le mbali idinga umswakama ophezulu. Ungasolisa lesi sitshalo kusuka ku-sprayer usebenzisa amanzi endaweni yokushisa yasekamelweni. Kodwa-ke, ukuphotha isihlahla ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza nokubeka amajikijolo akunconywa kakhulu. Ngomswakama ophansi ngokweqile, amajikijolo amancane akhiwa noma ayabhoboka.
Ungaphuzisa kanjani
Ehlobo, ngezinsuku ezishisayo, amanzi imbali kufanele ibe miningi ngokushesha ngemuva kokhamba oluphezulu lomile ongaphansi komhlaba. Ngesikhathi sokugcina okupholile, ukuchelela kufanele kuncishiswe kube okulinganiselayo. Uma uketshezi lugxumela emgodini ongaphansi, lokhu kuzoholela ekufeni kwamahlamvu nokufa kwesihlahla. Uma amahlamvu kulesi simila ethambile futhi elihlwabusayo, lokhu kusho ukuthi idinga ukuniselwa ngokuphuthumayo.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Ngesikhathi sokukhula okukhulu, kuyadingeka ukondla i-ardisia amahlandla ama-2 ngenyanga, lokhu usebenzisa umanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi wamaminerali. Ebusika, konke ukuncelisa kuyamiswa.
Izihlahla
Ukuthena okwenziwa kahle kwenziwa ekuqaleni kwesikhathi sentwasahlobo. Imbali ethengiwe ezimweni zamakamelo iqala ukukhula kakhulu. Ukuze silondoloze ukwakheka kwesihlahla, kufanele kuthunyelwe ngokuhlelekile entwasahlobo ngaphambi kokuqhakaza kwezimbali.
Ungashintsha kanjani
Ukufakelwa kwezimonyo ezincane kwenziwa kanye ngonyaka ekuqaleni kwenkathi yentwasahlobo, kusetshenziswa indlela yokudluliselwa, futhi kufanele uzame ukungalimazi uhlelo lwezimpande. Isihlahla esidala kufanele sithathelwe indawo kuphela lapho umthamo waso uqina kakhulu. Imbiza entsha kufanele ibe nkulu nje kuphela kunohlelo lwezimpande zesitshalo. Ungakhohlwa ukwenza ungqimba lwamanzi ngaphansi kwembiza. Lapho utshala i-ardisia ebhodweni elikhulu ngokweqile, kufanele ulungele iqiniso lokuthi ngeke liqhume isikhathi eside.
Inhlabathi
Isiko elinjalo alisho izidingo ezikhethekile zokuxuba kwenhlabathi. Kodwa-ke, kungcono ukusebenzisa i-substrate ekhanyayo evumela ukutholakala okuhle komoya. I-Ardizia ikhula kahle engxenyeni ye-peat, emhlabeni sheet kanye nesihlabathi. Isendlalelo esingaphansi singasetshenziswa kusuka ku-alkaline kuya ku-acidic kancane. Ochwepheshe balule ukwengeza i-sphagnum, izingcezu ezincane zamalahle kanye nenani elincane le-coconut fiber ku-substrate.
Izimbali nezithelo
Ama-Ardizia aqhakaza entwasahlobo noma emavikini okuqala ehlobo. Ngalesi sikhathi, lesi sitshalo kufanele sibe nokukhanya okwanele, futhi futhi kufanele siniselwe ngesikhathi, qiniseka ukuthi ingxube yenhlabathi ayomile ngaphandle. Uma inhlabathi yomisa noma ihlathi liphuma ekubandakweni okubandayo, lokhu kungenza ukuthi ama-buds akhombise. Ukusuka ngoSepthemba kuya kuZibandlela, ukuvuthwa kwezithelo ezincane (amajikijolo enhlwanyelo eyodwa) kuyabonakala. Uma izimo zisezingeni elifanele, izithelo ngeke zikhale isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka. Lawa majikijolo awadli, kepha awunawo ubuthi.
Ukuzala kabusha kwe-Ardisia
Ungasabalalisa i-ardisia ngokusika noma imbewu emisha futhi wenze lokhu entwasahlobo noma ehlobo.
Ungakhula kanjani kusuka ezinhlanyelweni
Ukuhlwanyela imbewu ekhiqizwe ngoJanuwari. Ukuze wenze lokhu, khetha izithelo ezinkulu kakhulu ezivuthiwe, ububanzi ezifinyelela ku-10 mm. Inyama kufanele isuswe kumajikijolo, ngenkathi kukhipha ithambo eliyindilinga eliqinile elinemithambo ende elukiwe yombala wokukhanya. Zihlwanyele enhlanganisweni yenhlabathi enomswakama, ikhulisa imbewu ngo-10 mm. Kuze kufike isikhathi sentwasahlobo, imbewu akufanele igcinwe, ngoba ngokushesha ilahlekelwa amandla ayo okuzala. Ungakhohlwa ukumboza isitsha ngefilimu noma ngengilazi. Izithombo zokuqala kufanele zivele ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-40. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukuze imbewu iqhume, isitsha kufanele sibekwe endaweni efudumele (ukusuka kuma-25 degrees nangaphezulu).
Lapho lesi sitshalo sikhula, kufanele sinqunywe emigqonyeni emincane ngayinye, egcwaliswa nge-substrate ejwayelekile ehloselwe izitshalo zasendlini. Kuzothatha iminyaka emi-2 kuya kwemi-3 ukuthi izithombo zikhule zibe izitshalo ezinhle.
Ochwepheshe beluleka ukuthi ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela amathambo ukuze banciphiswe (kufakwe kancane), ngemuva kwalokho bacwiliswa amahora amaningi ngesixazululo sama-ejenti okukhuthaza ukukhula.
Izimbumbulu
Ukuze uthole ngokushesha isihlahla esidala, i-ardisia kuzodingeka isatshalaliswe ukusikwa. Izihloko zeziqu zinezimpande, kulokhu sebenzisa amabhodwe amancane. Ukhula lwenqubo yokusika kwezinqubo kuyinqubo ende, kuyilapho kudingeka zinikeze umswakama okhuphukile, futhi i-substrate akumele ibande kuno-25 degrees. Ngaphambi kokutshala izithombo zokusika ukhula lwenqaku, ziphathwa ngethuluzi elikhuthaza ukwakheka kwezimpande.
Izifo Nezinambuzane
Ama-aphid, isikwena nezimpethu kungahlala kwi-ardisia, futhi izifo ezibangelwa ukhunta nazo zingayithinta. Ibuye ihlaselwe kakhulu yi-chlorosis, ngakho-ke isihlahla kufanele sondliwe ngomanyolo oqukethe insimbi.
Izinkinga ezingaba khona
- Amagqabi aphenduka aphuzi. Lokhu kwenzeka ngenxa yomoya omile ngokweqile noma ngenxa yokuntuleka kwezakhamzimba ku-substrate (imvamisa nitrogen). Ukuqeda i-yellowing, fafaza futhi usuthise isihlahla. Ukufakelwa kungadingeka.
- Iziqu ezidwebayo, amahlamvu ayaphela. Lokhu kungenxa yokushoda kokukhanya, ikakhulukazi ebusika. Ukuqeda le nkinga ebusika, imbali kufanele ifakwe efasiteleni lokucatshangelwa kwaseningizimu, kuthi ehlobo, idluliselwe emgwaqweni.
- I-Foliage. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho ukuchelela kungagudli noma kungagudli ugesi endaweni ephansi.
- Ukhula luqhakaza futhi lonakaliswe yi-chlorosis. Lokhu kungenxa yokuntuleka kwensimbi. Imbali izodinga ukondliwa ngetshizi zensimbi.
- Imiphetho noma emaphethelweni amaqabunga amaqabunga ajika abe nsundu. Ngenxa yomswakama ophansi ngokweqile. Zama ukwenyusa izinga lomswakama, kulokhu kunomswakama womoya osiza okuningi.
- Kuvela amabala ansundu kumaqabunga amaqabunga. Lokhu kuwuphawu lwesifo segciwane esiba khona ngenxa yomswakama ophakeme kakhulu womoya nokugeleza kwamanzi ku-substrate.
7. Amapulangwe eshidi asontekile anomngcele onsundu. Igumbi libanda ngokweqile noma isitshalo sesiveziwe okusalungiswa. Kungaba futhi ngenxa yokushisa okweqile kobusuku obukhulu.
Izinhlobo ze-Ardisia
I-Ardisia cricata (i-Ardisia crenata)
Lolu hlobo lithandwa kakhulu ngabatshali bezimbali. Isihlahla sibonisa ngokukhula kancane, futhi ukuphakama kwaso kungadluli ku-200 cm. Amapuleti amaqabunga aqhakaza isikhumba anomphetho we-wavy nombala oluhlaza okotshani. Esikhundleni sezimbali ezingaba zipinki noma zibe mhlophe, izithelo zamakhorali zibomvu ebusika. Ukuthatha izithelo kungahlala njalo unyaka wonke.
I-Ardisia curly (i-Ardisia crispa)
Ukuphakama kwesihlahla kucishe kube ngu-0.6-0.8 m. Amapuleti amaqabunga aluhlaza acwebezelayo aluhlaza anemphetho ye-wavy. Izimbali zihle kakhulu. Inani elikhulu lezimbali ezimhlophe zakhiwa ezihlahleni, kuyilapho amahlumela konyaka owedlule kusenezithelo eziyindilinga zombala obomvu wamakhorali.
I-Ardisia low (i-Ardisia humilis)
Ubukhulu besihlahla bungaphansi kwalelo curren curly. Ubude bamapuleti eshidi lesikhumba, apendwe ngombala oluhlaza okotshani, angahluka kusuka kumasentimitha amahlanu kuya kwayi-15. Ama-inflorescence ashubile akhathazekile aqukethe izimbali ezincane eziphinki. Ekuqaleni, izithelo zipendiwe ngombala obomvana obomvu, kepha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi iba mnyama futhi icwebezelwe.
I-Ardisia solanacea (i-Ardisia solanacea)
Amahlumela esihlahla abomvu, kanti amapuleti anamaqabunga ansundu anombala oluhlaza okotshani awafani njengoba lawo e-ardisia ephansi futhi egobekile. Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, le nhlobo iyisihlahla, ukuphakama kwayo kungamamitha ayi-1.5-6. Izimbali zidwetshwe ngombala onsomi onsomi noma opinki, azifanekisanga noma yiliphi inani lokuhlobisa. Esikhundleni sezimbali, kuvela izithelo eziqale zipendwe ngombala obomvana obomvu, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi zimnyama futhi ziqhakaze.
I-Ardisia elliptic (Ardisia elliptica)
E-USA, eHawaii, e-Australia naseziqhingini zaseCaribbean, lolu hlobo lutholakala kakhulu, lapho lutshalwa njengesitshalo sokuhlobisa ingadi. Umbala wezimbali ubomvana. Ekuqaleni, lapho amajikijolo avuthwa, aphenduka abomvu, bese kamuva umbala uguquka ube onsomi. Lolu hlobo lwe-ardisia komunye umuthi olusetshenziswayo lusetshenziswa njenge-ejenti elwa namagciwane.
