I-Echium, noma i-bruise (Echium) - imele umndeni weBoraginaceae. Uhlobo luhlanganisa izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezingama-60 zezitshalo zeminyaka zasendulo, ezihlala zindawonye nezitshalo zasendle, ezingaba izihlahla ezinqabile.
Ama-Echiums ajwayelekile eYurophu, eNtshonalanga nasezingxenyeni ze-East Asia, eNyakatho kanye naseNingizimu Afrika, esiqhingini saseMadeira naseziqhingini zaseCanary. Ezinye izinhlobo zitholakala eziqhingini zaseMedithera.
Ngokuphambene nalokho, ukuhlukunyezwa kwe-psyllium kube usongo ezinhlotsheni zezitshalo zomdabu eziseNingizimu Afrika, e-United States, futhi ikakhulukazi e-Australia, lapho kuye kwaba lula khona ukwenza lokhu. Lapho, wanikwa igama elithi "Isiqalekiso Sabaphenyi."
Lo mndeni waba ngowokuqala ukutshala i-echium engadini yayo ngawo-1880s, uqaphela ngokunakekela ukuthi lesi sitshalo sithwebula kanjani indawo ezungezile. Ama-Echiums awathobeki ngokwedlulele, athola imali, izikhala ezivulekile, umgwaqo, izigaba eziphazamisekile zama-steppes kanye nezamadows.
Imininingwane ejwayelekile
Uhlobo luthole igama lesiLatini elithi pubescence kanzima, lisuka kwelesiGreek - hedgehog. Ukuqhuma okujwayelekile, noma ukulimaza, kukhombisa umbala wezimbali.
E-Russia, kunezinhlobo ezi-5 zezichium ezikhulayo. Ezindaweni ezi-chernozem ezingxenyeni yaseYurophu, iqhuma elinamabala, noma i-blush (i-Echium maculatum), lide ngamasentimitha angama-30-100, nezimbali ze-carmine-pink ezikhungweni eziphansi ze-inflorescence.
Yonke indawo, ngaphandle kwendawo okungeyona eye-chernozem, kuze kufike e-Urals naseSiberia, kuqhuma isilonda esijwayelekile (i-Echium vulgare) - sibalelwa ku-20-100 cm amade, anobuchopho obunzima besigaxa namaqabunga.
Kuyisitshalo esinobuthi, kepha, ngaphandle kwalokhu, amahlumela amancane, hhayi amaqabunga aqhekekile ahlanganisiwe, kufana nesibopho. Kusetshenziswa umuthi wendabuko, ohlwanyelwe njengesitshalo soju, unika uju lwekhwalithi enhle kakhulu.
Ngenhloso yokuhlobisa, i-plantain echium, noma izimbali ezigobekile (i-Echium plantagineum), iqanjwa ngezimbali ezingafani nalutho eziqhakaza kulesi simila kusuka kuJulayi kuya kuqhwa sekwephuzile. Ingatshalwa ngonyaka, eningizimu - ngesiko le-biennial.
Lesi sitshalo singama-30-60 cm amade, sinamaqabunga angama-prickly pubescent kanye neziqu ezihlotshisiwe. Amaqabunga alula, aphelele, okuyi-oval-oblong, i-peitolate, aze afike ku-14 cm ubude, akha irosette eyisisekelo, amancane, i-lanceolate, enye indlela ngeziqu.
Izimbali ziyabonakala, zinobukhulu obufana nobubanzi, zingama-2-2,5 cm ububanzi, zibumbeke njenge-funnel, zihlukaniswe ngezihlanu, zinamakhonkolo amahlanu aphuma ngaphandle. Ama-buds apinki ngombala, kepha lapho aqhakaza, avula izimbali eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, lapho ziphela, athola i-lilac hue.
Esikhathini esiningi ezithengiswayo kukhona izingxube zezitshalo ezinezimbali eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ezimhlophe, ezipinki, cishe nezimbali ezibomvu. Ngokubambisana bakha “isitsha sezimbali” esimibalabala, esihle ngokumangalisayo engadini.
Ukuzala
Esifundeni saseMoscow, ukuhlukunyezwa kwe-plantain kukhula njengonyaka. Ungahlwanyela masinyane endaweni ehlala njalo yembewu engu-2-3 ngebanga elingama-30 cm, noma izithombo ezitsheni ukuze uvikele ukulimala ezimpandeni zezimpande ngesikhathi sokukhetha.
Imbewu inkulu impela, ngakho ukuhlwanyela izidleke akunzima. Imbewu imila kungakapheli isonto. Uma uhlwanyela ngoMashi, ungathola izithombo eziqhakaza ekuqaleni kukaJuni.
Sebenzisa
I-Echium ingesinye sezitshalo ezimbalwa ezihlanganisa ukubekezelela isomiso esiphakeme nokungabekezeleli kwenhlabathi. Ukuphakama kwezinhlobo zesimanje akudluli ku-30-35 cm.
Batshalwe ngamaqembu emaceleni emisebe enelanga, evulekile, emingceleni yamakhethini, emngceleni. Indawo kufanele ikhishwe, inomhlabathi omubi wokukhanya okukhanyayo noma okuphakathi.
Lesi sitshalo esizinzile futhi esibandayo esibandayo sizophinda sigcwalise i-palet yezitshalo engadini enamadwala.
Amafutha e-Psyllium echium alungele ukusetshenziswa embonini yezimonyo, kanye nenye indawo yamafutha enhlanzi ekudleni.
Izimbali ezimnandi ze-echium ziheha izinyosi. Kodwa-ke, kunobufakazi bokuthi uju kufanele luphuzwe ngendlela elinganiselwe, hhayi ngaphezu kwesipuni ngesonto, ukhumbula ubuthi besitshalo.
Lapho usebenza nge-ezibum, kufanele kuthathwe ukunakekelwa ukuvikela ukulimaza isikhumba sezandla ngama-alkaloids anobuthi.
